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Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
... of power. AI hype today is steeped in blends of utopian and dystopian discourse that distract from the real-world harms of existing technologies. In reality, what is hyped and anthropomorphized as “AI” and even “AGI” is the product not only of technology companies and investors but also—and more...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
...Kathryn Conrad Abstract In the wake of the introduction of ChatGPT, educators have been faced with pressure to adapt to the disruptive technology of AI chatbots. But these tools were not developed with educational applications in mind, and they come with many potential risks and harms to students...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... responsibility for harms caused by AI systems to various actors in the value chain (Hacker 2022 ). In effect, this regulatory regime treats AI systems as products whose safety regulators can ensure ex ante, with residual risk being handled through private law after harms occur. The challenge to this analogy...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... should be moving forward and whose opinion is valued most, especially when the goal is to “democratize AI.” What has often been missing here is feedback from those who will ultimately be subjected to, potentially harmed or replaced by, and at scale interacting with the upcoming generative technology...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... harms—including racism and inequality—which the global hegemony of Big Tech under capitalism tends to perpetuate. Sometimes called “tech-lash,” the resistance against harmful AI applications and growing demands for legal regulation began in 2013 and continues today. To placate public concerns about...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... with or without large corporate partners, the rush to wow consumers and grow market share has pushed long-standing concerns about user safety, privacy, data theft, and social harms aside. As Inioluwa Deborah Raji et al. ( 2022 ) argue, even basic functionality can get overlooked in the climate of hype-driven AI...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
... the jump, we're already thinking about a problem like hiring discrimination and maybe even making it a primary goal of ours to not reproduce this well-known type of harm. Now, it may be that through this process, you'll learn that an AI system for classification of potential applicants is not the right...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
...), these systems are in no position to “hack” civilization—though, as we will see, generative AI poses many harms including the potential for bad actors to hijack these new technologies for malicious use or their own advantage. Recall that in The Matrix (1999), a fictional artificial intelligence creates...
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Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
... are “systems of signs” that pair “form and meaning,” and since the training data for LLMs “is only form,” these systems “do not have access to meaning” (615). 29 This human-centered formulation facilitates the article's robust discussion of social harms and its critique of the anthropomorphic hyping of “AI...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... and Maggie Dryden 2024 black box large language models metaphor data justice “GPT-4 Is a Giant Black Box and Its Training Data Remains a Mystery” (Barr 2023 ); “Two-Hundred-Year-Old Math Opens Up AI's Mysterious Black Box” (Choi 2023 ); “ChatGPT, Black Boxes, and Information Dissemination...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... . For a Google DeepMind article that elaborates various harms and ethical concerns connected to deployment of anthropomorphized AI assistants, see Gabriel et al. 2024 . 23. See Council 2023 for an eye-opening critique of how Signal, the nonprofit encrypted messaging application, delivers the same basic...
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Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... to be “the world's leading genealogy website,” partnered with D-ID, an Israeli platform for so-called generative AI, to launch a new feature called “Deep Nostalgia.” Deep Nostalgia focalizes and animates the faces of family members and other historical figures pictured in old photographs to create a live effect...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
...Sylvie Delacroix Abstract The salient concern, today, is not whether copyright law will “allow robots to learn.” The pressing question is whether the exploitation of the data ecosystem that has made generative AI possible can be made socially sustainable. Just as the human right to water is only...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
...Catherine D'Ignazio [email protected] Data Conscience: Algorithmic Siege on Our Humanity . By Brandeis Hill Marshall . Hoboken, NJ : Wiley , 2022 . xix + 352 pp. Copyright © 2024 Catherine D'Ignazio 2024 In recent years, a proliferation of critiques of data and AI have...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
... the relationships between social harm and the highly applicable practices of resistance that can disrupt these relationships. For those familiar with Benjamin's previous work uncovering how AI and algorithmic decision-making can supercharge existing racial bias and discrimination, it will come as no surprise...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
...Emily M. Bender; Ted Chiang; Tom Nissley; Lauren M. E. Goodlad; Kelsey Keyes Abstract This conversation is excerpted and edited from a transcript of a live event, “Wishful Thinking and AI: An Evening with Ted Chiang and Dr. Emily M. Bender,” which took place in Seattle, Washington, on November 10...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... → [printing → the internet] → ChatGPT (possibly as a forerunner of more adept AI tools). This sequence, which anoints ChatGPT as a successor to the mantle of writing, makes some big assumptions about the significance of LLMs in the future. In doing so, moreover, it converts Phaedrus...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2023) 1 (1-2)
Published: 01 October 2023
... in the pursuit of statistical truth. The article concludes with a reflection on how the latent photographic theory of machine vision we have advanced relates to the large image models built for generative AI today. [email protected] [email protected] Copyright © 2023 Duke University...
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Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... user or experience of what such a conversation is. “A large language model is, effectively, trying to predict both sides of the conversation as it goes on. It's only allowed to actually generate the text for the ‘AI participant,’ not for the human; but that doesn't mean that it is the AI participant...
Journal Article
Critical AI (2024) 2 (1)
Published: 01 April 2024
... language models (LLMs) that power tools like Open AI's ChatGPT. The vehicle for its survival is the distributional hypothesis of linguistic meaning, an idea first developed in a scientific way by the American structural linguist Zellig Harris ( 1954 ), a disciple of Leonard Bloomfield and teacher of Noam...
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