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Journal Article

Metaphor/Metonymy, or the Imaginary Referent

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Christian Metz, Celia Britton, Annwyl Williams
Camera Obscura (1981) 3 (1 (7)): 42–65.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-3-1_7-42
Published: 01 May 1981
...: “The Imaginary Signifier,” trans. Ben Brewster, Screen 16, no. 2 (Summer 1975); “History/Discourse: Note on Two Voyeurisms,” Edinburgh Magazine , no. 1 (1976); “The Fiction Film and Its Spectator,” trans. Alfred Guzzetti, New Literary History (Autumn 1976). “Metaphor/Metonymy” was translated...
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Journal Article

Introduction to “Metaphor/Metonymy, or the Imaginary Referent”

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Constance Penley
Camera Obscura (1981) 3 (1 (7)): 6–29.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-3-1_7-6
Published: 01 May 1981
...Constance Penley © 1981 by Camera Obscura 1981 La jetle (Chris Marker, 1963) Introduction to “Metaphor/Metonymy, or the Imaginary Referent” Constance Penley Roland Barthes once described Christian Metz’s style as one of “rabid exactitude,” embodying the jouissance of the language...
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Journal Article

Puppet Love: Documenting Ventriloquism in Nina Conti's Her Master's Voice

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Sarah Kessler
Camera Obscura (2016) 31 (2 (92)): 61–91.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-3592576
Published: 01 September 2016
...Sarah Kessler As an audiovisual medium rooted in processes of synchronization, film has sometimes been metaphorized as ventriloquism. At the levels of film genre and form, documentary cinema in particular has also been called ventriloquial, owing to its frequent emphasis on giving voice...
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Journal Article

Bodies in Water: Disability Cinemas and Creatures of the Sea

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Emma Ben Ayoun
Camera Obscura (2022) 37 (3 (111)): 115–143.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-10013646
Published: 01 December 2022
... marine life such a compelling metaphor in disability narrative? Here the author considers the ways that water and aquatic animals trouble the boundary between life and nonlife, gesture toward the always-uninhabitable space of the other, and become points of contact between the visual and the material...
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Journal Article

The Fold of Undetectable

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Nathan Lee
Camera Obscura (2016) 31 (2 (92)): 167–173.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-3592521
Published: 01 September 2016
... and differentiation. The theoretical site of this movement is the monad. The world is composed of an infinite field of monads, and every monad in turn contains the entire world. This paradox is resolved through metaphors of perception: each monad possesses an embodied optics, a zone of darkness and a view...
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Journal Article

Tongue Twisters: The Travelogue Videos of Ming-Yuen S. Ma

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Peter X Feng
Camera Obscura (2012) 27 (1 (79)): 69–95.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-1533448
Published: 01 May 2012
...Peter X Feng Asian diasporic identities exist in a complicated tension with Asian nationalist identity formations, simultaneously affirming and disavowing the nation-state as constitutive of identity. Video maker Ming-Yuen S. Ma's work focuses on problematics of translation as a metaphor...
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Journal Article

Between Mothers and Daughters: Adoption, Family, and Black Female Subjectivity in Finding Christa and Off and Running

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Dijana Jelača
Camera Obscura (2013) 28 (2 (83)): 77–107.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-2209925
Published: 01 September 2013
...). The article looks at these documentaries to explore black female subjectivity, with the trope of adoption acting as an organizing narrative principle. Adoption is treated as a metaphor of sorts, and one that might dislocate the primacy of traditional moralizing about what it means (not) to be a mother...
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Journal Article

Little Red Riding Hood Meets Freud in Lucrecia Martel's Salta Trilogy

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Paul A. Schroeder Rodríguez
Camera Obscura (2014) 29 (3 (87)): 93–115.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-2801529
Published: 01 December 2014
..., and La mujer sin cabeza in the late 1990s facilitate a complementary, allegorical reading of the trilogy in which the films' protagonists serve as metaphors of Argentina's civil society in its transition from an infantilized social agent during the dictatorship in the 1970s, to the equivalent of a brazen...
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Journal Article

The Red and the Black: Gender, Genre, and the Romance of (Anti)Communism in The Woman on Pier 13

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Robert Miklitsch
Camera Obscura (2014) 29 (3 (87)): 117–147.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-2801540
Published: 01 December 2014
... noir and anticommunism — as well as to demonstrate the way in which the discourse of anticommunism is intimately related, via the metaphor of marriage, to issues such as gender and sexuality. The crux of the essay is the argument that the political discourse of anticommunism cannot be dissociated from...
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Journal Article

Notes on Digital Community and Revolution

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Seb Franklin
Camera Obscura (2016) 31 (3 (93)): 99–131.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-3662018
Published: 01 December 2016
...Seb Franklin This essay addresses the forms of utopian imagination that are produced when concepts such as society, community, and revolution are rendered using computational and communicational metaphors. By connecting recent phenomena such as the notion of “Twitter revolution” and Sheryl...
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Journal Article

Reading Border through Desire: Queer Indigenous Theory, Nordic Settler Colonialism, and Trans Aesthetics

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Kata Kyrölä
Camera Obscura (2023) 38 (3 (114)): 77–105.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-10772589
Published: 01 December 2023
...‐fluid desires, bodies, and sex, alongside its examination of the psychic consequences of settler colonial violence, make it a thus far unique film in the Nordic context — even though this examination happens through the distancing effect of trolls as metaphorical Natives. The main characters embody...
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Journal Article

Cluster Fuck: The Forcible Frame in Errol Morris's Standard Operating Procedure

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Linda Williams
Camera Obscura (2010) 25 (1 (73)): 29–67.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-2009-014
Published: 01 May 2010
...Linda Williams This essay's point of departure is the question of how images of death and torture are literally and metaphorically framed by the people who take them and how they are further received by the publics who see them. Beginning with a comparison of two digital headshots of an Arab enemy...
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Journal Article

Affects of the Gaze: Post-Oedipal Desire and the Traversal of Fantasy in Blade Runner

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Richard Pope
Camera Obscura (2010) 25 (1 (73)): 69–95.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-2009-015
Published: 01 May 2010
...Richard Pope It is typically argued that Blade Runner should be seen as a metaphor of the postmodern condition, or of our—”our” insofar as we are postmodern subjects—schizophrenic relation to the Symbolic order. It is said that while the film's replicants are initially resistant to the social order...
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Journal Article

John Waters's Vulgarity: Trash Cinema, Serial Mom , and the Politics of Abjection

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Ashley T. Shelden
Camera Obscura (2025) 40 (1 (118)): iv–27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-11606544
Published: 01 May 2025
... queer and normative, transgressive and mainstream, revolutionary and conservative, through his mobilization of the abject. In particular, this article is most interested in the metaphorics of trash in John Waters's work and in psychoanalysis. Waters is, of course, well known for his “trash trilogy...
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Journal Article

The Leftovers of Conspiracy: The Deformed Gazes of Under the Silver Lake

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Lloyd Alimboyao Sy
Camera Obscura (2025) 40 (1 (118)): 118–145.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-11606596
Published: 01 May 2025
..., constantly relegated to the film's background both literally and metaphorically, are never handled with enough sophistication in the film, forcing the viewer into the disturbing position of reproducing the conspiracy theorist's gaze. The article thus critiques the film's failure to adequately move beyond...
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Image
Figure 5. A 1980 screenshot of Smalltalk-80 running on the Xerox Alto computer. Note here the continued grammar of the desktop metaphor used in the interface, with overlapping windows and the “folder tabs” at the top of each window. Courtesy of the PARC Library, © PARC. CHM Object ID 500004472

A 1980 screenshot of Smalltalk-80 running on the Xerox Alto computer. Note ...

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in How the Computer Taught Us to See > Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies
Published: 01 September 2024
Figure 5. A 1980 screenshot of Smalltalk-80 running on the Xerox Alto computer. Note here the continued grammar of the desktop metaphor used in the interface, with overlapping windows and the “folder tabs” at the top of each window. Courtesy of the PARC Library, © PARC. CHM Object ID 500004472 More
Image
Figure 2. The default folder organization of the “This PC” view in Windows 10, as an example of the desktop metaphor used in operating systems today. Note that the folders are on their sides and open, showing objects nestled inside of them, like documents and pictures. Because the author's computer is a PC running Windows, screenshots of the GUI are taken from the author's Windows 10 desktop.

The default folder organization of the “This PC” view in Windows 10, as an ...

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in How the Computer Taught Us to See > Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies
Published: 01 September 2024
Figure 2. The default folder organization of the “This PC” view in Windows 10, as an example of the desktop metaphor used in operating systems today. Note that the folders are on their sides and open, showing objects nestled inside of them, like documents and pictures. Because the author's More
Image
Figure 4. A screenshot of Smalltalk-76. Note here the extension of the desktop metaphor in its user interface: the windows are able to overlap each other, not unlike the way that paperwork overlaps on a desktop surface, and the windows have tabs at the top that make their shape echo the folder. Courtesy of SUMIM.ST, under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en). No changes were made to the image.

A screenshot of Smalltalk-76. Note here the extension of the desktop metaph...

Available to Purchase
in How the Computer Taught Us to See > Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies
Published: 01 September 2024
Figure 4. A screenshot of Smalltalk-76. Note here the extension of the desktop metaphor in its user interface: the windows are able to overlap each other, not unlike the way that paperwork overlaps on a desktop surface, and the windows have tabs at the top that make their shape echo the folder More
Journal Article

Between the First and Second Semiologies: Psychoanalysis and Film Theory

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R.S. Hamilton
Camera Obscura (1981) 3 (1 (7)): 66–87.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-3-1_7-66
Published: 01 May 1981
... beaucoup): un discours calme sur le cintma. Christian Metz’ The publication for the first time in English of segments of Christian Metz’s “Metaphor/Metonymy, or the Imaginary Referent” affords a welcome opportunity to reconsider Metz‘s prior...
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Journal Article

Metz's Move

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Bertrand Augst
Camera Obscura (1981) 3 (1 (7)): 30–41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/02705346-3-1_7-30
Published: 01 May 1981
...Bertrand Augst © 1981 by Camera Obscura 1981 Metz’s Move Bert ra nd A tip t Written in 1975, Christian Metz’s “Metaphor/Metonymy, or the Imaginary Referent” has been completely ignored since its publica- tion in 1977. Such a massive indifference seems somewhat surprising...
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