...Masturah Alatas © 2014 by Duke University Press 2014 Malaysian Mandela At secondary school in Singapore in the mid-1980s,­ we read Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved Country. One word I will always associate with that novel is shantytown. The teacher told the class that shantytowns...

... to the West as “Bollywood.” In Kuku Kohli’s mafiosi thriller Haqueeqat (Reality, 1995), the main characters are a mob assassin turned garage mechanic and a young, impoverished music teacher in a Mumbai shantytown. However, the “dream”-based song sequences featuring the lower-class couple take place...

...: Clarendon Press, 1985), 173. 67. In another story titled “The Tower of Babel,” Kafka describes how modern nations are the result of the barracks built by the workers engaged in the construction of the Tower of Babel. As the tower is never built, only these shantytowns remain, becoming the main form...

... and deemed unworthy of work, who constitute one of the most sponta- neously and radically revolutionary forces of a colonized people (Fanon 2004: 81). Commenting on the consolidation of the lumpenproletariat in the shantytown in The Wretched of the Earth, Fanon writes, The lumpenproletariat constitutes...

..., ‘‘Get lost FG: The conversation is over as soon as this black foreigner gets on your nerves, then—bye, bye, leave me alone, get out of here, go home ED: Exactly. At this point, I go back to my good home, and you return to your poor little shantytown in the suburbs of Guatemala...