This essay explores the various ways in which W. G. Sebald’s Austerlitz upends traditional understandings of the novel as a form. Specifically, it situates this “prose book of an undetermined kind” against the rise of the steel container as the dominant mode of commodity transportation. The novel today is best understood as a shipping container giving refuge to virtually any kind of aesthetic or narrative content. The “stateless” (as opposed to global) novel requires a new model of individualism, a subjectivity embodied in the tragic life of Mehran Karimi Nasseri, who lingered sans papiers for almost two decades in Paris’s Charles de Gaulle Airport.
The text of this article is only available as a PDF.
References
Adler, Hans Günther.
1955
. Theresienstadt 1941–1945: Das Antlitz einer Zwangsge-sellschaft
. Tübingen
: Mohr
.Adorno, Theodor W.
1996
. Minima Moralia: Reflexionen aus dem beschädigten Leben
. Berlin
: Suhrkamp
.Adorno, Theodor W.
2005
. Minima Moralia: Reflections on a Damaged Life
. Translated by Jephcott, E. F. N. London
: Verso
.Agamben, Giorgio.
1995
. “We Refugees
.” Translated by Michael Rocke. Symposium
49
, no. 2
: 114
–19
.Arendt, Hannah.
1966
. The Origins of Totalitarianism
. New York
: Harcourt, Brace & World
.Arendt, Hannah.
1994
. “We Refugees
.” In Altogether Elsewhere: Writers on Exile
, edited by Robinson, Marc, 110
–19
. Boston
: Faber and Faber
.Armstrong, Nancy.
2005
. How Novels Think: The Limits of Individualism from 1719– 1900
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Armstrong, Nancy; Tennenhouse, Leonard.
2015
. “Novels before Nations: How Early US Novels Imagined Community
.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature / Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée
42
, no. 4
: 353
–69
.Bewes, Timothy.
2014
. “Against Exemplarity: W. G. Sebald and the Problem of Connection
.” Contemporary Literature
55
, no. 1
: 1
–31
.Blackler, Deane.
2007
. Reading W. G. Sebald: Adventure and Disobedience
. Rochester, NY
: Camden House
.Blanchot, Maurice.
1995
. “The Disappearance of Literature
.” In The Blanchot Reader
, edited by Holland, Michael, translated by Maclachlan, Ian, 136
–42
. Oxford
: Blackwell
.Cabanes, Bruno.
2014
. The Great War and the Origins of Humanitarianism, 1918– 1924
. New York
: Cambridge University Press
.Carey, Jane Perry Clark.
1946
. “Some Aspects of Statelessness since World War I
.” American Political Science Review
40
: 113
–23
.Catling, Jo; Hibbitt, Richard, eds.
2011
. Saturn’s Moons: W. G. Sebald—A Handbook
. Oxford
: Legenda
.Eshel, Amir.
2003
. “Against the Power of Time: The Poetics of Suspension in W. G. Sebald’s Austerlitz
.” New German Critique
88
: 71
–96
.Esposito, Roberto.
2008
. Bíos: Biopolitics and Philosophy
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Finch, Helen; Wolff, Lynn L.
2014
. Witnessing, Memory, Poetics: H. G. Adler and W. G. Sebald
. Rochester, NY
: Camden House
.Gallagher, Catherine.
2006
. “The Rise of Fictionality
.” In The Novel
: Volume 1
, edited by Moretti, Franco, 336
–63
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Glynn, Irial.
2012
. “The Genesis and Development of Article 1 of the 1951 Refugee Convention
.” Journal of Refugee Studies
25
, no. 1
: 134
–48
.Gottwald, Alfred.
1999
. “Der deutsche Güterwagen: Eine Ikone für den Judenmord?
” Museums Journal
13
, no. 1
: 14
–17
.Hathaway, James C.
2005
. The Rights of Refugees under International Law
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Hilberg, Raul.
1976
. “German Railroads / Jewish Souls
.” Society
14
, no. 1
: 60
–74
.Hölderlin, Friedrich.
1980
. “Bread and Wine
.” In Poems and Fragments
, translated by Hamburger, Michael. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Horkheimer, Max; Adorno, Theodor W.
2002
. Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments
. Edited by Noerrm, Gunzelin Schmid, translated by Jephcott, Edmund. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.“
The Humble Hero
.” 2013
. The Economist
. May
18
, 2013
. www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21578041-containers-have-been-more-important-globalisation-freer-trade-humble
.Hutchinson, Ben.
2009
. W. G. Sebald: Die dialektische Imagination
. Berlin
: Walter de Gruyter
.Jackman, Graham.
2004
. “‘Gebranntes Kind’? W. G. Sebald’s ‘Metaphysik der Geschichte.’
” German Life and Letters
57
, no. 4
: 456
–71
.Jameson, Fredric.
1991
. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Klemperer, Victor.
2002
. The Language of the Third Reich: A Philologist’s Notebook
. Translated by Brady, Martin. London
: Continuum
.Klose, Alexander.
2015
. The Container Principle: How a Box Changes the Way We Think
. Translated by Marcrum, Charles. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Kochhar-Lindgren, Gray.
2002
. “Charcoal: The Phantom Traces of W. G. Sebald’s Novel-Memoirs
.” Monatshefte
94
, no. 3
: 368
–80
.Kostov, Ana Bambic.
2015
. “Draunara
.” Widewalls
. .Kulish, Nicholas.
2013
. “Berlin Exhibition on Judaism Hits a Nerve
.” New York Times
, April
4
, 2013
. .Levinson, Marc.
2008
. The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Long, J. J.
2007
. W. G. Sebald: Image, Archive, Modernity
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Loquai, Franz.
2005
. “Vom Beinhaus der Geschichte ins wiedergefundene Paradies: Zu Werk und Poetik W. G. Sebalds
.” In Sebald: Lekturen
, edited by Atze, Marcel; Loquai, Franz, 244
–56
. Eggington
: Edition Isele
.Lukács, Georg.
1971
. The Theory of the Novel: A Historico-Philosophical Essay on the Forms of Great Epic Literature
. Translated by Bostock, Anna. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Magilow, Daniel H.
2007
. “Counting to Six Million: Collecting Projects and Holocaust Memorialization
.” Jewish Social Studies: History, Culture, Society
14
, no. 1
: 23
–40
.McClelland, Mac.
2014
. “How to Build a Perfect Refugee Camp
.” New York Times Magazine
, February
13
, 2014
. .McCulloh, Mark R.
2003
. Understanding W. G. Sebald
. Columbia
: University of South Carolina Press
.Moser, Christian.
2012
. “The Anatomy of Torture: W. G. Sebald and the Representation of the Agonized Body
.” Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory
87
, no. 1
: 57
–71
.Nietzsche, Friedrich.
2008
. The Gay Science
. Edited by Williams, Bernard, translated by Nauckhoff, Josefine. Cambridge, UK
: Cambridge University Press
.Nyers, Peter.
2006
. Rethinking Refugees: Beyond States of Emergency
. New York
: Taylor & Francis
.Pages, Neil Christian.
2007
. “Crossing Borders: Sebald, Handke, and the Pathological Vision
.” Modern Austrian Literature
40
, no. 4
: 61
–92
.Schmitz, Helmut.
2009
. “Zweierlei Allegorie: W. G. Sebalds Austerlitz und Stephan Wackwitz’ Ein unsichtbares Land
.” In W. G. Sebald: Schreiben ex patria / Expatriate Writing
, edited by Fischer, Gerhard, 257
–75
. Amsterdam
: Rodopi
.Schütte, Uwe.
2011
. W. G. Sebald: Einführung in Leben und Werk
. Gottingen
: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
.Schütte, Uwe.
2014
. Interventionen: Literaturkritik als Widerspruch bei W. G. Sebald
. Munich
: Edition Text & Kritik
.Sebald, W. G.
1998
. The Rings of Saturn
. Translated by Hulse, Michael. New York
: New Directions
.Sebald, W. G.
2002a
. Austerlitz
. Translated by Sáenz, Miguel. Barcelona
: Editorial Anagrama
.Sebald, W. G.
2005
. “The Mystery of the Red-Brown Skin: An Approach to Bruce Chatwin
.” In Campo Santo
, edited by Meyer, Sven, translated by Bell, Anthea, 173
–80
. London
: Modern Library
.Sebald, W. G.
2007
. The Emergence of Memory: Conversations with W. G. Sebald
. Edited by Schwartz, Lynne Sharon. New York
: Seven Stories Press
.Sebald, W. G.
2011a
. “Auf ungeheuer dünnem Eis”: Gespräche 1971 bis 2001
. Edited by Hoffmann, Torsten. Munich
: Fisher
.Sebald, W. G.
2011b
. “Echoes from the Past: A Conversation with Piet de Moor
.” In Saturn’s Moons: W. G. Sebald—A Handbook
, edited by Catling, Jo; Hibbitt, Richard, 350
–55
. Oxford
: Legenda
.Sheppard, Richard.
2005
. “Dexter—Sinister: Some Observations on Decrypting the Mors Code in the Work of W. G. Sebald
.” Journal of European Studies
35
, no. 4
: 419
–63
.Sharpsteen, Bill.
2009
. “‘Woods, trees and the spaces in between’: A Report on Work Published on W. G. Sebald 2005–2008
.” Journal of European Studies
39
, no. 1
: 79
–128
.Sharpsteen, Bill.
2011
. “Primary Bibliography
.” In Saturn’s Moons: W. G. Sebald—A Handbook
, edited by Catling, Jo; Hibbitt, Richard, 446
–94
. Oxford
: Legenda
.Simon, Ulrich.
2005
. “Der Provokateur als Literaturhistoriker: Anmerkungen zu Literaturbegriff und Argumentationsverfahren in W. G. Sebalds essay-istischen Schriften
.” In Sebald: Lekturen
, edited by Atze, Marcel; Loquai, Franz, 78
–104
. Eggington
: Edition Isele
.Somers, Margaret R.
2008
. Genealogies of Citizenship: Markets, Statelessness, and the Right to Have Rights
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Stier, Oren Baruch.
2005
. “Different Trains: Holocaust Artifacts and the Ideologies of Remembrance
.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies
19
, no. 1
: 81
–106
.Szeman, Imre; Whiteman, Maria.
2012
. “Oil Imag(e)inaries: Critical Realism and the Oil Sands
.” Imaginations
3
, no. 2
: 46
–67
.Torgovnick, Marianna.
2005
. The War Complex: World War II in Our Time
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Weissbrodt, David; Collins, Clay.
2006
. “The Human Rights of Stateless Persons
.” Human Rights Quarterly
28
, no. 1
: 245
–76
.Wolff, Lynn L.
2011
. “H. G. Adler and W. G. Sebald: From History and Literature to Literature as Historiography
.” Monatshefte
103
, no. 2
: 257
–75
.© 2020 Duke University Press
2020
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.