... Soviet economy Soviet military spending Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Mikhail Gorbachev Boris Yeltsin ...

... in the global economy. While breadlines once forced Romanians to spend long hours waiting for basic goods, displacement from the global economy breeds ever-intensifying forms of deprivation. Once-affordable goods and services quickly become unaffordable, slowing down displaced persons’ movement about the city...

... political, ethnic, and social criticism that eroded the foundations of the system. The chapter ends with a discussion of the role of individual leaders in the collapse, including Gorbachev, Yeltsin, Reagan, and Bush. Soviet economy Soviet military spending Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Mikhail...

... to the point where Republicans began to openly admire him. Koch let it be known that he admired Reagan but felt less sanguine when the president slashed spending by just under $700 billion in his first budget. Koch proposed a $2 billion capital budget that would mark the beginning of a ten-year reconstruction...

..., and allowing party barons virtually unlimited tenure that contributed to aging leadership and stagnation across the Soviet system. His farm policies failed to address underlying problems of the collectivized agricultural system but led to a large rise in unproductive spending that contributed to Soviet...

... After the civil war, oil production radically expanded and federal revenues no longer depended on the productive activities of Nigeria’s citizenry. Nigeria became an oil state, and in theory became wealthy. Political spending cut off from domestic economic activity removed one of the last...

... IVF services after spending years on government waiting lists in Britain’s publicly financed IVF sector. This chapter addresses these various resource constraints, all of which restrict infertile couples’ access to affordable IVF. Global infertility African infertility IVF absences...

... spending cut off from domestic economic activity removed one of the last mechanisms through which popular pressure could contain the activities of the political elite. At the same time, it deepened Nigeria’s vulnerability to fluctuations in commodity prices. The decline in the price of oil in 1981 touched...

... the president slashed spending by just under $700 billion in his first budget. Koch proposed a $2 billion capital budget that would mark the beginning of a ten-year reconstruction program. Meanwhile, dance commentators looked back on the year as one of regeneration. But the talk of rebirth was countered...