... indios bárbaros savage tribes Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo scalping statecraft Apache Comanche empire Seri Kiowa raiding parties territorial sovereignty George Washington Gómez ...

... of Guadalupe Hidalgo designated the "savage tribes" as the enemy of both nations, as northern Mexican states established bounty programs for the heads or scalps of the indios bárbaros—Apache, Comanche, Seri, and Kiowa warriors who raided their towns and ranches from 1810 to 1870. U.S. whites, indigenous...

..., the military superiority of Spanish forces in the field, and the suffering sustained by the city’s residents. He depicts his Indian adversaries as cruel and savage, yet cannot fail to marvel at their valor and tenacity in battle. After the protracted war, Brigadier Segurola was made the first intendant...