... In a study that helped launch global debates around defunding/abolishing the police in 2020, this chapter, consisting of excerpts from an earlier master’s thesis, offers an analysis of the militarization and securitizing effect of the Police Pacification Units. Since its creation in 2008...

... African American New Yorkers, observing the recruitment of immigrant police officers, demanded the appointment of Black police. They did this as a response to decades of disproportionate arrests of Black men and women in the city and police brutality, and argued that a respectable Black officer...

... The growing distrust of immigrant officers during the height of the “White Slavery” panic, and the xenophobic patriotism around World War I coincided with a new training regime that tried to turn out white Anglo police capable of patrolling any neighborhood. In order to “build” the standardized...

... With the deprioritizing of ethnic policing, the NYPD increasingly leaned on technocratic solutions and surveillance that would allow Anglo-American police the ability to identify, track, and control even the most “unknowable” and foreign communities. Imported from Europe, where they had been...