... This chapter introduces the book’s key actors, claims, and theoretical contributions. Mining cooperatives are collectives of small-scale miners who supported former president Evo Morales’s left-leaning government and participated in the formation of the Plurinational State, yet they are widely...

... for the steady stream of new social programs and economic policies. In December 2010, the first and shorter version of the Law of the Rights of Mother Earth (Law 071) was presented to the Plurinational Legislative Assembly, portions of which are excerpted here. In October 2012, a much-altered and longer version...

... patrimony patronage violence Plurinational State subterranean ...

... and political violence, both of which are rooted in colonial histories of resource extraction. Second, the Plurinational State created a host of new pathways for previously sidelined people to take on leadership roles within or alongside state entities; when cooperative miners move into these positions...

... cooperatives and the Plurinational State, which has both shaped and been shaped by the rise of agro-minería. indigeneity mestizaje small-scale mining smallholder farming Norte Potosí ...