..., stereopticon displays, pageants, and songs—established the Institutes’ multimedia rhetorical strategies that conveyed their political and social program, and are important precursors to uplift films. While these materials were primarily targeted toward white philanthropists in the North, they also circulated...

..., as well as white philanthropists, challenged their authority. The community’s treatment of black girls was also used as a measure of black social responsibility and capability for self-governance. This chapter includes case studies of girls in need of homes and responses to them. Amanda Smith black...

... itself from the filmmaker. As a result, for the second film, Tuskegee collaborated with a different company, the Chicago-based Anderson-Watkins Film Company, who screened their film of Tuskegee for northern philanthropists as well as southern Black audiences. In tracing these two histories, this chapter...