... Haiti revolution Spanish American wars of independence Simón Bolívar Alexandre Pétion Napoleon Spanish Caribbean Venezuela Jamaica ...

... This chapter follows Simón Bolívar, one of the most important figures of the wars of independence in Spanish America, as he sought to revitalize the struggle for Spanish America’s independence in the Caribbean islands of Jamaica and Haiti. It advances four arguments. First, Alexandre Pétion’s...

... and Haiti. It advances four arguments. First, Alexandre Pétion’s proinsurgent diplomacy and Jamaican authorities’ adherence to British neutrality allowed Haiti to emerge as an international revolutionary center actively spreading revolution throughout the Greater Caribbean. Second, the gradual success...