... This chapter seeks to highlight the general importance of internal migration to the formation of the working class in São Paulo, Brazil, after the Second World War. In dialogue with specialized literature and primary sources, the chapter explores the internal migration of workers from the...

... This chapter introduces the reader to the brief civil war in 1932, known as the Constitutionalist Revolution, which pitted São Paulo against Brazil’s federal government and its chief executive, Getúlio Vargas. It argues for an approach to this episode that emphasizes the construction of...

... society, arguing that the uprising had significant popular support but at the same time reinforced a regional identity that was white and middle-class. Working-class paulistas were more divided in their loyalties, but large numbers of Afro-paulistas joined the Black Legions fighting for São Paulo, and...

... Given the very real differences in levels of wealth and economic production between São Paulo and most other Brazilian states, but especially those in the North and Northeast, how did political groups in the latter regions respond to claims of paulista superiority? This chapter examines the...

... Despite its defeat in 1932 and Vargas’s repeated political victories, by the 1950s São Paulo had become even more dominant economically, and its capital had become Brazil’s largest city. It is in this context that civic boosters in the state capital planned the massive commemorations of the...

... Despite its defeat in 1932 and Vargas’s repeated political victories, by the 1950s São Paulo had become even more dominant economically, and its capital had become Brazil’s largest city. It is in this context that civic boosters in the state capital planned the massive commemorations of the four...