... customs—a project designed to transform the hearts and minds of the Okinawan people in preparation for the establishment of capitalist relations of production in the prefecture—and Okinawa’s female producer-merchants. Prominent local intellectual Ōta Chōfu and others urged the Okinawan people to change...

... assimilatory strategies that local intellectuals had advocated during much of the Meiji period. Ōta Chōfu and Iha Fuyū’s came to believe that instilling pride in the Okinawan people through the promotion of history, arts, and culture was the only measure to counter the state’s proposal to transform Okinawa...

... of Okinawa’s economy following the post-World War I recession and the establishment of Marxist organizations in the 1920s, which undermined the type of Okinawan solidarity that prominent local intellectuals like Ōta Chōfu and Oyadomari Kōei thought necessary for the attainment of economic recovery...