... Simón Bolívar nineteenth-century civil wars Soledad Acosta de Samper guerrilla groups in Colombia paramilitaries ...

... Key texts for understanding Colombia’s history of internecine violence are presented to an English-speaking audience. This part encompasses nineteenth-century material, including Simón Bolívar’s 1813 public proclamation of “War to the Death,” the private diary kept by Soledad Acosta de Samper...

...Trials of the Young Republic Napoleon’s invasion of Spain in 1807 and the toppling of the Bourbon monarchy removed the primary factor that had given legitimacy and cohesion to the Spanish colonial system—the Crown. The early nineteenth century in Mexico would be characterized by government...

... Chapter 1 situates digital efforts to record death within a long history of photographic and filmic attempts from the invention of the daguerreotype in 1839 through the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. The chapter unifies disparate images—Civil War and lynching photographs, early cinema’s...

... nations as Britain led the world to industrial capitalism. Parallel political conflicts mixed with contrasting economic trajectories to create diverging national and social experiences across the Americas in the nineteenth century: stability with slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States—until civil...

... is exemplary of many of the challenges and achievements that creative African Americans faced and attained during the second half of the nineteenth century. landscape painting religion race Civil War ...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...

... the Civil War, 1863–1865,” Journal of American History 67 (March 1981): 816–34. For the activities of women as urban violence grew, see Mary P. Ryan, Civic Wars: Democracy and Public Life in the American City during the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 135–80...