... In the aftermath of the Spanish conquest, the hereditary lords, or mallkus , of the Aymara-speaking Qaraqara-Charka federations appealed to the Spanish Crown to recognize their claims to special benefits and privileges, arguing that they had enjoyed favor under the Inka and that the Spanish...

... leftist Alvaro García Linera. In prison, Quispe obtained his university degree in history, writing a thesis on Tupaj Katari. He also began to call himself the Mallku, a term meaning “condor” that is applied to traditional Aymara authorities. He gained growing numbers of admirers for the audacity of his...

... dismantled the guerrilla unit and jailed its members, which included the urban leftist Alvaro García Linera. In prison, Quispe obtained his university degree in history, writing a thesis on Tupaj Katari. He also began to call himself the Mallku, a term meaning “condor” that is applied to traditional Aymara...

... forces of the surrounding volcanoes. After fleeing from her abusive marriage with a jealous old mallku (native lord) incarnated in the Asanaques mountain, she travels with her children, along the way shaping the Andean landscape of the region and defining the historical territory of the Quillacas...

... Colonial society was far more complex internally than the Spaniards’ abstract juridical notion of two “republics”—one Spanish and one Indian—would suggest. Within indigenous society itself, there were hierarchical gradations, with the stratum of In-dian nobility and caciques or mallkus...

... was the son of a creole military offcer and an indigenous noblewoman descended from the mallkus of Lake Titicaca. Considered “white” in most elite circles, he was nonetheless scorned by his opponents for his “Indian” ancestry, particularly in the viceregal capital Lima. Dissatisfied with the debilitating...

... secured, and were the object of admiration for some of the Spaniards who arrived in a new phase of conquest. In the aftermath of the Spanish conquest, the hereditary lords, or mallkus , of the Aymara-speaking Qaraqara-Charka federations appealed to the Spanish Crown to recognize their claims...

... lake, who is caught up in fraught relations with the masculine sacred forces of the surrounding volcanoes. After fleeing from her abusive marriage with a jealous old mallku (native lord) incarnated in the Asanaques mountain, she travels with her children, along the way shaping the Andean landscape...

... notion of two “republics”—one Spanish and one Indian—would suggest. Within indigenous society itself, there were hierarchical gradations, with the stratum of In-dian nobility and caciques or mallkus at the top. As community representatives, the caciques served as crucial cultural intermediaries...

... between 1836 and 1839. Born in La Paz, he was the son of a creole military offcer and an indigenous noblewoman descended from the mallkus of Lake Titicaca. Considered “white” in most elite circles, he was nonetheless scorned by his opponents for his “Indian” ancestry, particularly in the viceregal...