... the Black Man (le Nègre) Africa biological racism French imperial nation-state avant-garde ...

... This chapter challenges the notion that the “new racism” is rooted in culture, as opposed to the “purer” and earlier biological racism that was not. It questions what those who study the history of racism think we know about racial epistemologies and what might be considered the political...

... and anticolonial movements appropriated the racial signifier to mark a return to authenticity and vitalism within a degenerating Europe. the Black Man (le Nègre) Africa biological racism French imperial nation-state avant-garde ...

..., on the manipulations of space they condone, and on the objects of fear they nourish and reproduce. Reason Security regimes Enlightenment Empire Dutch colonialism Affect This chapter challenges the notion that the “new racism” is rooted in culture, as opposed to the “purer” and earlier biological...

..., surveillance, and security, alongside advances in genetics, signal a return of the biological as a means of enclosure. Racism Black reason Triangular Trade Black consciousness Biopolitics ...

... Europe’s displacement from the center of the world and the universalization of the Black condition inspire this critical reevaluation of history, racism, and the future of humanity. Three historical moments conjoined the figure of the Black Man (le Nègre) and Blackness with the biological...