... In the midst of the 1899 civil war between Conservatives and Liberals, the latter mobilized Aymara communities across the altiplano to fight against the troops of President Severo Fernández Alonso (1896–99). The following letter, from the indigenous military commander Pablo Zárate Willka...

... Eusebio Tapia Aruni was one of three cousins from the same Aymara peasant community near Viacha who joined the guerrilla organization in Ñancahuazú in January 1967. A migrant worker in La Paz, he had become enthusiastic about the Communist Party in 1963: “I wanted the revolution to triumph so...

... their ancestral “indigenous” identity for the class status of “peasants.” Yet despite the overhaul of the land-tenure regime, by the 1960s, the illusions of progress began to dissipate. Above all on the Aymara altiplano, different organizations began to pursue a more autonomous course, and they adopted the name...

...,” that is, a religious orientation centered on the marginalized and exploited. Second, in a number of Latin American countries, new indigenous movements began gaining ground. Bolivia was one of the earliest such cases, with its predominantly Aymara indianista and katarista currents. Since the 1990s...

... down by her elders, she became a fine narrator. At age ten, she was selected as a finalist in the Aymara Literature Contest sponsored by the Casa de las Américas in Havana, Cuba. She went on to study at the National Academy of Fine Arts and became an exceptionally versatile creative artist. She works...

... enticements to win over the regional Aymara federations in Qollasuyu. To local authorities, they offered gifts of gold and finely woven tunics. They gave Inka brides to Aymara lords, thereby sealing through kinship new political alliances. Local religious worship was respected while also absorbing it within...

... The life of the Aymara hip-hop artist Abraham Bojórquez was cut off tragically in a traffc accident in El Alto in 2009, when he was twenty-six. Born in El Alto, he migrated to Brazil alone when he was twelve and worked in textile workshops and other informal jobs in São Paulo. There he learned...

... narrator. At age ten, she was selected as a finalist in the Aymara Literature Contest sponsored by the Casa de las Américas in Havana, Cuba. She went on to study at the National Academy of Fine Arts and became an exceptionally versatile creative artist. She works in multiple media and is well known...

... scale. It provoked violent resistance in response, and Melgarejo’s creole adversaries teamed with Aymara communities to besiege the city of La Paz and topple the dictator. The documents that follow, originally published in the anti-Melgarejo newspaper El Noticioso , chronicle the militarized campaign...

..., their Aymara neighbors see them as beings who are associated with a lack of civilization and a pre-baptismal era. The testimony of the Uru Murato elder and leader Daniel Moricio tells of his ancestors’ encounter with the Spaniards, whom he refers to almost indistinctly from the Aymara and Quechua...

... Felipe Quispe Huanca, born in an Aymara community on the banks of Lake Titicaca, started out in Aymara politics in the 1970s as a member of the Tupaj Katari Indian Movement ( mitka ), a radical indianista party that rejected class struggle for anticolonial struggle against non-Indian oppressors...

... of Aymara and Quechua peasant struggles during the twentieth century and was written as the militant peasant union movement had burst on the scene as a national political force. The movement’s strength derived in part from a complex historical consciousness that Rivera creatively analyzed in terms of short...

... For more than a century, Inka territory spread far beyond its home base in Cuzco, reaching north and south along the mountain chain of the Andes. As Pedro Cieza de León’s chronicle attests, the Inka combined military might with symbolic and material enticements to win over the regional Aymara...

... “ Living well”— vivir bien or buen vivir in Spanish—is a translation of the Aymara term suma qamaña and the Quechua sumak kawsay, which are now offcially taken up in the constitutions of Bolivia and Ecuador. The language also circulates in other parts of Latin America and even other continents...

... Poopó. They are distinguished from Aymara communities by their distinctive Uru Chipaya language as well as by forms of dress and their reliance on riverine and lacustrine resources. For their Aymara neighbors, the Urus are primitive peoples—associated with shadowy, watery realms of the Chullpa ancestors...

... In the aftermath of the Spanish conquest, the hereditary lords, or mallkus , of the Aymara-speaking Qaraqara-Charka federations appealed to the Spanish Crown to recognize their claims to special benefits and privileges, arguing that they had enjoyed favor under the Inka and that the Spanish...

.... Eusebio Tapia Aruni was one of three cousins from the same Aymara peasant community near Viacha who joined the guerrilla organization in Ñancahuazú in January 1967. A migrant worker in La Paz, he had become enthusiastic about the Communist Party in 1963: “I wanted the revolution to triumph so...

... One of the most innovative popular-education projects in Latin America in the 1930s was the ayllu -school of Warisata, located near Lake Titicaca in the foothills of the eastern cordillera of the Andes. A creole educator with socialist leanings, Elizardo Pérez, teamed up with a respected Aymara...