... Sugar industry World War I Brown sugar production Iha Fuyū Ōta Chōfu ...

... Frederick Douglass John S. Durham John Wanamaker William P. Clyde sugar industry ...

... sugar capital. Sugar industry World War I Brown sugar production Iha Fuyū Ōta Chōfu ...

... working people employed a variety of legal and extralegal strategies to maintain livelihoods both within and without the sugar industry. Setting cane fires, practicing obeah, and committing petty theft—though deemed criminal by authorities and white elites—appear to have had more economic and political...

... contested. In this way, both white and Black Americans attempted to control the past and direct the future. Frederick Douglass John S. Durham John Wanamaker William P. Clyde sugar industry ...

... in the sugar industry resulting from the relative inflexibility of slave labor within colonial mercantilism Chinese labor abolition coloniality slavery liberalism ...

... and direct the future. Frederick Douglass John S. Durham John Wanamaker William P. Clyde sugar industry ...

... negotiated rights and trades while expanding sugar and slavery to prosper in the new world of industrial capitalism through complex ties to Spain, Britain, and the United States. sugar slavery rights politics loyalty ...

... Brazil became independent with less political and social conflict than most regions of the Americas. Beginning as a Portuguese colony, it remained tied to Britain through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It flourished after 1800 as sugar, coffee, and slavery expanded to fill markets...

... as sugar and slavery expanded along with trade ties to the United States. Cuba remained in Spain’s empire yet became a new country in many ways. Free Cubans negotiated rights and trades while expanding sugar and slavery to prosper in the new world of industrial capitalism through complex ties to Spain...

... the latter in war); states strengthened; natives’ autonomies waned. Cuba and Brazil expanded sugar and coffee, and faced conflicts that ended slavery in the 1880s and imperial rule before 1900. Haitians held strong on the land, condemned for destroying slavery in revolution. . Very diverse nations entered...

...; entrepreneurs responded by expanding sugar, coffee, cotton, and slavery in Cuba, Brazil, and the United States. Bajío insurgents took the land, focused on families, and undermined the silver production that had fueled Asian trades and filled European treasuries. Industrial capitalism rose in that crucible...

..., and focused on families; entrepreneurs responded by expanding sugar, coffee, cotton, and slavery in Cuba, Brazil, and the United States. Bajío insurgents took the land, focused on families, and undermined the silver production that had fueled Asian trades and filled European treasuries. Industrial capitalism...

... war wracked the latter; instability and uncertainty in Haiti and the new nations of Spanish America—while families of once-enslaved peoples in the former and native peoples in the latter found modest yet meaningful gains. Silver sugar slavery insurgency independence ...