... First International Second International Leninism Bolshevism Menshevism ...

... In chapter 2, James describes the First International associated with Karl Marx and the struggle by Frederick Engels and others to win the Second International to Marxism. He looks at some of the objective factors that led the Second International to revert to “national socialism,” and also...

... In this opening section C. L. R. James surveys the world situation in 1937 and looks at the looming interimperialist war. He notes the betrayal of internationalism and socialism when the Second International supported the Great War of 1914-18, and he notes how the Third (Communist) International...

...World Revolution, 1917–1936 In this opening section C. L. R. James surveys the world situation in 1937 and looks at the looming interimperialist war. He notes the betrayal of internationalism and socialism when the Second International supported the Great War of 1914-18, and he notes how...

... This chapter seeks to highlight the general importance of internal migration to the formation of the working class in São Paulo, Brazil, after the Second World War. In dialogue with specialized literature and primary sources, the chapter explores the internal migration of workers from...

... is the world’s second largest producer of cocoa and enjoys the status of a newly minted oil-producing nation that invokes promise and the potential loss of hope, especially for the rural poor. The introduction also provides contextual guideposts to the six chronologically arranged sections that emphasize...

... proinsurgent diplomacy and Jamaican authorities’ adherence to British neutrality allowed Haiti to emerge as an international revolutionary center actively spreading revolution throughout the Greater Caribbean. Second, the gradual success of British military campaigns against Napoleon and Caribbean-wide fears...

... WWAV’s fire dreams nationally and globally; and second, the steady reconfiguration by staff and partners of WWAV’s New Orleans–based work in and for community. By tacking back and forth between these scales constantly, this chapter shows the dynamism of fire dreams: the dreams long sheltered at WWAV were...

... objectives: to extend the revolutionary cause around the continent from the strategic center of Bolivia, at the heart of South America. Guido Alvaro “Inti” Peredo Leigue (1937–69) was the highest-ranking Bolivian and the second in command overall in the guerrilla army. His text “My Campaign with Che...

... The conclusion reflects on the predicament of national war memory by locating the story of the USS Arizona Memorial in the wider landscape of Second World War remembrance and war remembrance generally. Arguing that each memorial story, each history of memory, is embedded in specific locations...

... minister as a sign Gorbachev intended to conduct his own international policy. It describes Gorbachev’s first meeting with Reagan at the 1985 Geneva summit. The Soviet military used a seemingly forthcoming January 1986 arms control proposal to try to delay nuclear reductions. The second half of the chapter...

..., in the second half of the 1960s, the art of Moscow conceptualism. The artists of the first generation of Moscow conceptualism in the 1960s and 1970s, such as Ilya Kabakov, Erik Bulatov, Dmitri Prigov, and Lev Rubinstein, used in their artworks the language of the “simple Soviet citizen” with the goal...

... of racial capitalism, settler colonialism, and slavery. Second, it argues that it is imperative to enrich understandings of how the discourse of abandonment—and its categorical deployment—shapes urban planning and governance decisions and the stakes thereof. Finally, it argues that studies of land struggles...

... The hierarchy of Cuba’s Catholic Church slowly adjusted to worldwide progressive currents of the 1960s, such as the Second Vatican Council, while in 1975 Fidel characterized Cuba as an “Afro-Latin” country committed to global anticolonial struggles. The 1985 publication of Fidel and Religion...

..., and the second generated a revolutionary world design system to reintroduce a peaceful, democratic Japan to the world theater of nations. transwar democracy economic rebuilding world design Olympics ...

... to haunt Sánchez de Lozada during his much more turbulent and abbreviated second term in offce (2002–3). ...

... widespread but marginalized forms of knowledge and practice that emerged in the Sierra Leone laboratory: first, rumors connecting the Special Court and the TRC as treacherous doubles with hidden capacities; and second, the embodied performance of apologies before the TRC. Both of these forms recast...

... the various resistances such organizing encountered. In this second take, Snitow makes a new list, this time of the weaknesses of NGOs in general, and, particularly in the region. The list includes: various kinds of ignorance; the stress placed on community by unequal resources; common linguistic and social...

... “violence against women.” The chapter provides an analysis of the role of geopolitics in the evolution of women’s rights. The voices/perspectives from the former second world were at a disadvantage just as there was global momentum against “violence against women.” While violence against women is a global...

... in practice to address the substantive needs of indigenous donors. Second, the application of bioethics alone does not guarantee normative conditions that regulate any reputable biomedical science endeavor. Rather, in a brutally competitive pharmaceutical world, competitive centers must develop informational...