...Liberia<subtitle>Epistolary Encounters, Prelude</subtitle> This chapter traces a genealogy of the two predominant interpretations of African colonization—the anti-imperialist interpretation and the return-to-Africa interpretation—to the late eighteenth-century writings of Phillis Wheatley...

... freedom race caste Yucatán Liberia ...

... Black nationalism colonization emigration slavery Liberia ...

... Georgina Thornton Rev. Clarence W. Harding Jr. Liberia Marcus Garvey Institute Black Power ...

... The Coda reviews how nineteenth-century black settlers in Liberia and Maya rebels in Yucatán left documents that do not only tell us who-did-what-where-when-and-why about the colonization of Liberia and the Caste War but also reflect speculatively on the meaning of freedom during...

... The conclusion looks at the unfinished story of midwestern Garveyism from the 1980s onward. Liberia remains a central focus of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Although a shadow of its former self, the present-day UNIA remains active in local and transnational contexts...

... through the work of heartland-based leaders like Mary Mason and Georgina Thornton. Beyond the United States, Rev. Clarence W. Harding Jr., who moved to Liberia from Chicago in 1966, was critical to leading the most successful UNIA initiative on the continent in the organization’s entire history. Lansing...