... effigy pilgrimage Protestantism spiritism Fulgencio Batista ...

... television business democracy coup d’état Fulgencio Batista broadcasting regulation ...

... Fulgencio Batista Archbishop Enrique Pérez Serantes Fidel Castro carnival El Cobre ...

... Fulgencio Batista’s second, 1952 overthrow, the Virgin’s effigy suffered damage in the streets, which some interpreted as a sign of divine sadness, or worse, punishment. effigy pilgrimage Protestantism spiritism Fulgencio Batista The political instability of late 1950s Cuba occasioned many...

... as closely following the steps of the U.S., Fulgencio Batista’s March 10, 1952 coup unsettled Cuban claims to a U.S.-inspired modernity. The destitution of a democratic government, the uneven processes of geographic socio-economic modernization, and the decline in economic growth initiated after 1954 began...

... Protestantism and Communism. As the Virgin’s effigy visited commotion-filled streets, elite attempts to orchestrate respectable notions of national identity were sometimes met by less-formal versions of popular culture, indifference, and the religious heterodoxy of spiritism. After Fulgencio Batista’s second...

... for their success. When President Batista fled the country, the rebels declared victory, and relieved Cubans spontaneously celebrated in the streets. Fulgencio Batista Archbishop Enrique Pérez Serantes Fidel Castro carnival El Cobre ...

..., the office also targeted material perceived to challenge the political status quo.  Government officials claimed that these regulatory measures were intended to protect Cuba from communist threats, but they also came at a moment in which U.S. media were regularly questioning Fulgencio Batista’s dictatorship...

... in modern revolutionary history. In this same year, dictator Fulgencio Batista staged a military coup and political takeover, heightening the young revolutionaries’ sense of political urgency. Haydée meets Fidel Castro, and joins his incipient movement. Readers are privy to the group’s preparations...