The history of metrics in global health takes us immediately to historic forms of counting that began in the colonial period and persisted into the postwar, postcolonial era. How some things changed in the postwar period and how they have shifted again under more recent inventions of the field of global health are topics that provide a foundation to the chapters in this volume. What is the difference between colonial public-private partnerships in health aid and their contemporary iterations in the postcolonial moment? What are the similarities and differences that pertain to forms of counting from the past to the present in relation to provisioning health on a global scale? This introduction also provides an overview of the chapters.