This chapter provides a historical overview of social and political mobilizations among the Chamar Dalits of Punjab. Beginning with their attempts to representg themselves as Ad-Dharmis, a separate religious group and not a caste category, in the colonial census in 1931, the chapter shows that over the years they have become a religious community, not just an untouchable caste. Even though they continue to be listed among the officially recognized Hindu scheduled castes of Punjab (as Chamars, Ad Dharmis, or Ravi Dasis) and are often recognized as such by others, they have carved out a sense of religious identity for themselves. Despite its fluidity and fuzziness, this movement from zaat to qaum clearly reflects their success in achieving mobility, both symbolic and substantive. Through this study, the chapter also highlights the needs for understanding regional contexts and the critical significance of specific histories of caste.