Two parallel forms of citizenship are revealed through an analysis of Brazilian health care. Within reproductive health, the first—available to those who can afford private health—is founded on notions of individual choice and self-enhancement, whilst the second frames reproductive decisions in terms of the individual’s moral responsibility to the nation. These structural differentiations can be traced down to differences in the way sex hormones are administered to distinct segments of the population. Sex hormones are mobilized as modes of regulatory control on the one hand and to discipline individuals on the other. As contraceptives they are central to interventions on...