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References

WORKS CITED OR CONSULTED

Adams
,
Timothy Dow
.
Telling Lies in Modern American Autobiography
.
Chapel Hill
:
University of North Carolina Press
,
1990
.
Angelou
,
Maya
.
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
.
New York
:
Bantam
,
1970
.
Appiah
,
Kwame Anthony
.
In My Father’s House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
1992
.
Awkward
,
Kenneth W.
Origins of the Awkward Family in the United States of America
.” In
Awkward/Awkard/Offord Family Reunion Handbook
.
14
September
1991
.
Awkward
,
Michael
.
Inspiriting Influences: Tradition, Revision, and Afro-American Women’s Novels
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
,
1989
.
Awkward
,
Michael
.
Negotiating Difference: Race, Gender, and the Politics of Positionality
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
1995
.
Baker
,
Houston A.
Jr.
Blues, Ideology, and Afro-American Literature
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
1984
.
Baker
,
Houston A.
Jr.
Blues Journeys Home
.
Detroit
:
Lotus
,
1985
.
Baker
,
Houston A.
Jr.
Workings of the Spirit
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
1991
.
Barth
,
John
.
The End of the Road
.
New York
:
Bantam
,
1958
.
Berube
,
Michael
. “
Public Academy
.”
New Yorker
,
9
January
1995
,
73
80
.
Blount
,
Marcellus
, and
Cunningham
George P.
, eds.
Representing Black Men
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
1996
.
Boynton
,
Robert
. “
The New Intellectuals
.”
Atlantic Monthly
,
March
1995
,
53
70
.
Brown
,
Claude
.
Manchild in the Promised Land
.
New York
:
Signet
,
1965
.
Brown
,
Keith Michael
.
Sacred Bond: Black Men and Their Mothers
.
Boston
:
Little Brown
,
1998
.
Cade
,
Toni
, ed.
The Black Woman
.
New York
:
Penguin
,
1970
.
Caesar
,
Terry
.
Conspiring with Forms: Life in Academic Texts
.
Athens
:
University of Georgia Press
,
1992
.
Camus
,
Albert
.
The Stranger
.
New York
:
Vintage
,
1942
.
Carey
,
Lorene
.
Black Ice
.
New York
:
Knopf
,
1991
.
Carter
,
Stephen
.
Confessions of an Affirmative Action Baby
.
New York
:
Basic Books
,
1991
.
Davis
,
Angela
.
With My Mind on Freedom: An Autobiography
.
New York
:
Bantam
,
1974
.
Tom
,
Digby
, ed.
Men Feminism
.
New York
:
Roudedge
,
1998
.
Douglass
,
Frederick
.
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
.
1845
.
Reprint
,
New York
:
Signet
,
1968
.
DuCille
,
Ann
.
Skin Trade
.
Cambridge
:
Harvard University Press
,
1996
.
Eakin
,
Paul John
, ed.
American Autobiography: Retrospect and Prospect
.
Madison
:
University of Wisconsin Press
,
1991
.
Ellison
,
Ralph
.
Invisible Man
.
New York
:
Vintage
,
1952
.
Ellison
,
Ralph
.
Shadow and Act
.
New York
:
Random House
,
1972
.
Farrakhan
,
Louis
. “
A Call to March
.”
Emerge
,
October
1995
,
65
66
.
Fingarette
,
Herbert
.
Heavy Drinking: The Myth of Alcoholism as a Disease
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
1988
.
Fischer
,
Dexter
, and
Stepto
Robert
.
Afro-American Literature: The Reconstruction of Instruction
.
New York
:
Modern Language Association
,
1979
.
Flack
,
Roberta
.
Chapter 2
.
Atlantic 1569–2
.
1970
.
Four Tops
.
Ain’t No Woman (Like the One I Got)
.
MCA 20388–4
.
1987
.
Gaines
,
Ernest
.
The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman
.
New York
:
Bantam
,
1971
.
Gaines
,
Ernest
.
A Gathering of Old Men
.
New York
:
Vintage
,
1983
.
Gaines
,
Ernest
.
Of Love and Dust
.
New York
:
Norton
,
1968
.
Gallop
,
Jane
.
Thinking through the Body
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
,
1988
.
Gates
,
Henry Louis
Jr.
Colored People: A Memoir
.
New York
:
Knopf
,
1994
.
Gates
,
Henry Louis
Jr.
Figures in Black: Words, Signs, and the “Racial” Self
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
1987
.
Gaye
,
Marvin
.
What’s Going On
.
Motown 2815 ML
.
1971
.
Giroux
,
Henry
.
Disturbing Pleasures: Learning Popular Culture
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
1994
.
Grealy
,
Lucy
.
Autobiography of a Face
.
Boston
:
Houghton Mifflin
,
1994
.
Gurian
,
Michael
.
Mothers, Sons, and Lovers
.
Boston
:
Shambhala
,
1994
.
Harper
,
Phillip Brian
.
Are We Not Men? Masculine Anxiety and the Problem of African-American Identity
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
1996
.
Hathaway
,
Donny
.
Extensions of a Man
.
Atco 7019
.
1973
.
Hayes
,
Isaac
.
The Isaac Hayes Experience
.
Stax 4129
.
1987
.
Hemingway
,
Ernest
.
A Farewell to Arms
.
New York
:
Scribners
,
1929
.
Hughes
,
Langston
.
Selected Poems of Langston Hughes
.
New York
:
Vintage
,
1974
.
Hurston
,
Zora Neale
.
Their Eyes Were Watching God
.
1937
.
Reprint
,
Urbana
:
University of Illinois Press
,
1977
.
Jackson
,
David
.
Unmasking Masculinity: A Critical Autobiography
.
London
:
Unwin Hyman
,
1990
.
Jackson
,
Janet
.
Rhythm Nation
.
A & M 13920–1
.
1989
.
Jardine
,
Alice
, and
Smith
Paul
, eds.
Men in Feminism
.
New York
:
Methuen
,
1986
.
Jones
,
Gayl
.
Corregidora
.
1975
.
Reprint
,
Boston
:
Beacon
,
1986
.
Karenga
,
Maulana
, and
Madhubuti
Haki
, eds.
Million Man March—Day of Absence: A Commemorative Anthology of Speeches, Commentary, Photography
.
Chicago
:
Third World Press
,
1996
.
Kenan
,
Randall
.
A Visitation of Spirits
.
New York
:
Vintage
,
1988
.
Klein
,
Malcolm
.
The American Street Gang
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
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