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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

This chapter aims to achieve a better understanding of non-biomedical therapeutics as practiced in hospice care. Unlike Western countries where biomedicine predominates, in Taiwan, some East Asia–oriented healing traditions enjoy the same legal status as biomedicine. However, a dual health system also creates debates on the validity of these non-biomedical therapies. The case of hospice, in which Chinese medicine has not yet claimed any specialty, becomes the best site to see how knowledge is decentralized, mingling with constructive alternatives for revisioning good deaths. Based mainly on the fieldwork in a Taiwanese medical center’s hospice ward, this study offers evaluations on non-biomedical therapeutics as actually utilized in biomedical settings. It argues that a dichotomy between biomedicine and non-biomedical therapies is unrealistic and unnecessary: instead of a universal trajectory toward death in hospice, therapeutic spaces emerge in these wards upon the use of non-biomedical therapies.

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References

Bhadelia
,
Afsan
,
Leslie E.
Oldfield
,
Jennifer L.
Cruz
,
Ratna
Singh
, and
Eric A
Finkelstein
.
2021
. “
Identifying Core Domains to Assess the ‘Quality of Death’: A Scoping Review
.”
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
63
(
4
):
e365
86
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.11.015.
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Wiebe E.
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Thomas Parke
Hughes
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Trevor
Pinch
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The Social Constructions of Technological Systems
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MIT Press.
Chang
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Ya-Wen
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Nine Items on Hospice and Palliative Care Will Be Included in the Hospital Accreditation; Specialists Look Forward to Further Regulations
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Zhaohu jiben gong—Zhao Keshi jiaoshou shizuo jiaoxue
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Taipei
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Dr. Golem: How to Think about Medicine
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Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
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Investigation Report: A Case to Rectify the Ministry of Health and Welfare on Hospice and Palliative Care
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Duke-NUS Medical School
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Cross Country Comparison of Expert Assessments of the Quality of Death and Dying 2021
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Finkelstein
,
Eric A.
,
Afsan
Bhadelia
,
Cynthia
Goh
,
Drishti
Baid
,
Ratna
Singh
,
Sushma
Bhatnagar
, and
Stephen R.
Connor
.
2021
. “
Cross Country Comparison of Expert Assessments of the Quality of Death and Dying
.”
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
63
(
4
): e
419
29
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.12.015.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1973
.
The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception
.
London
:
Tavistock
.
Freidson
,
Eliot
. (
1970
) 1988.
Profession of Medicine: A Study of the Sociology of Applied Knowledge
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Goh
,
Cynthia R.
2002
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The Asia Pacific Hospice Palliative Care Network: A Network for Individuals and Organizations
.”
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
24
(
2
):
128
33
.
Huang
,
Ching-Wen
,
Diem Ngoc
Hong Tran
,
Tsai-Feng
Li
,
Yui
Sasaki
,
Ju Ah
Lee
,
Myeong
Soo Lee
,
Ichiro
Arai
,
Yoshiharu
Motoo
,
Keiko
Yukawa
,
Kiichiro
Tsutani
,
Seong-Gyu
Ko
,
Shinn-Jang
Hwang
, and
Fang-Pey
Chen
.
2019
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The Utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Taiwan: An Internet Survey Using an Adapted Version of the International Questionnaire (I-CAM-Q)
.”
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association
82
(
8
):
665
71
.
Kaufman
,
Sharon
.
2003
.
And a Time to Die: How American Hospitals Shape the End of Life
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Kaufman
,
Sharon
.
2015
.
Ordinary Medicine: Extraordinary Treatments, Longer Lives, and Where to Draw the Line
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Law
,
John
.
2002
. “
Objects and Spaces
.”
Theory, Culture and Society
19
(
5/6
):
91
105
.
Lee
,
Ju Ah
,
Yui
Sasaki
,
Ichiro
Arai
,
Ho-Yeon
Go
,
Sunju
Park
,
Keiko
Yukawa
,
Yun Kung
Nam
,
Seong-Gyu
Ko
,
Yoshiharu
Motoo
,
Kiichiro
Tsutani
, and
Myeong Soo
Lee
.
2018
. “
An Assessment of the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Korean People Using an Adapted Version of the Standardized International Questionnaire (I-CAM-QK): A Cross-Sectional Study of an Internet Survey
.”
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
18
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1
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238
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Motoo
,
Yoshiharu
,
Keiko
Yukawa
,
Ichiro
Arai
,
Kazuho
Hisamura
, and
Kiichiro
Tsutani
.
2019
. “
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Internet Survey Using the Japanese Version of the International Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire
.”
JMA Journal
4 2
(
1
):
35
46
. https://doi.org/10.31662/jmaj.2018-0044.
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.
2000
.
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. NIH Publication No. 01-5001.
Washington, DC
:
US Department of Health and Human Services
.
Sepulveda
,
Juan Marcos Gonzalez
,
Drishti
Baid
,
F. Reed
Johnson
, and
Eric A.
Finkelstein
.
2021
. “
What Is a Good Death? A Choice Experiment on Care Indicators for Patients at End of Life
.”
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
63
(
4
):
457
67
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.11.005.
Star
,
Susan Lee
, and
James R.
Griesemer
.
1989
. “
Institutional Ecology, ‘Translations’ and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907–39
.”
Social Studies of Science
19
(
4
):
387
420
.
TAHPM
.
2019
.
Splendid Twenty Years in Hospice and Sustaining It for the Future: Celebrating the Twentieth Anniversary of Taiwan Academy of Hospice Palliative Medicine
.
Taipei
:
Taiwan Academy of Hospice Palliative Medicine (TAHPM)
.
Tsao
,
Fu-nien
.
2020
. “
Mother of Hospices Turns to a Patient Admitted to Hospice: Co-Shi Chao Admits That Taiwan Replies ‘Model Hospitals’ to Achieve High Ranking in Hospice
” [in Chinese].
The Reporter
,
December
20
,
2020
. https://www.twreporter.org/a/good-death-myth-behind-the-asia-champion-of-the-quality-of-death-index.
Weiner
,
Carolyn L.
,
Shizuko
Fagerhaugh
,
Barbara
Suczek
, and
Anselm L.
Strauss
.
1997
.
Social Organization of Medical Work
. Reprint,
Piscataway, NJ
:
Transaction
.

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References

References

Bhadelia
,
Afsan
,
Leslie E.
Oldfield
,
Jennifer L.
Cruz
,
Ratna
Singh
, and
Eric A
Finkelstein
.
2021
. “
Identifying Core Domains to Assess the ‘Quality of Death’: A Scoping Review
.”
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
63
(
4
):
e365
86
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.11.015.
Bijker
,
Wiebe E.
,
Thomas Parke
Hughes
, and
Trevor
Pinch
, eds.
1987
.
The Social Constructions of Technological Systems
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press.
Chang
,
Ya-Wen
.
2012
. “
Nine Items on Hospice and Palliative Care Will Be Included in the Hospital Accreditation; Specialists Look Forward to Further Regulations
” [in Chinese]. Hospice Foundation of Taiwan. https://www.hospice.org.tw/content/1558.
Chao
,
Co-Shi Chantal
.
2014
.
Zhaohu jiben gong—Zhao Keshi jiaoshou shizuo jiaoxue
[照護基本功─ 趙可式教授實作教學, The basics of comfort measures].
Taipei
:
Farseeing Publishing Group
.
Collins
,
Harry
, and
Trevor
Pinch
.
2005
.
Dr. Golem: How to Think about Medicine
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Control Yuan
.
2019
. “
Investigation Report: A Case to Rectify the Ministry of Health and Welfare on Hospice and Palliative Care
” [in Chinese]. https://www.cy.gov.tw/CyBsBoxContent.aspx?n=133&s=6866.
Duke-NUS Medical School
.
2022
. “
Cross Country Comparison of Expert Assessments of the Quality of Death and Dying 2021
.” https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/lcpc/quality-of-death/.
Finkelstein
,
Eric A.
,
Afsan
Bhadelia
,
Cynthia
Goh
,
Drishti
Baid
,
Ratna
Singh
,
Sushma
Bhatnagar
, and
Stephen R.
Connor
.
2021
. “
Cross Country Comparison of Expert Assessments of the Quality of Death and Dying
.”
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
63
(
4
): e
419
29
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.12.015.
Foucault
,
Michel
.
1973
.
The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception
.
London
:
Tavistock
.
Freidson
,
Eliot
. (
1970
) 1988.
Profession of Medicine: A Study of the Sociology of Applied Knowledge
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Goh
,
Cynthia R.
2002
. “
The Asia Pacific Hospice Palliative Care Network: A Network for Individuals and Organizations
.”
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
24
(
2
):
128
33
.
Huang
,
Ching-Wen
,
Diem Ngoc
Hong Tran
,
Tsai-Feng
Li
,
Yui
Sasaki
,
Ju Ah
Lee
,
Myeong
Soo Lee
,
Ichiro
Arai
,
Yoshiharu
Motoo
,
Keiko
Yukawa
,
Kiichiro
Tsutani
,
Seong-Gyu
Ko
,
Shinn-Jang
Hwang
, and
Fang-Pey
Chen
.
2019
. “
The Utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Taiwan: An Internet Survey Using an Adapted Version of the International Questionnaire (I-CAM-Q)
.”
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association
82
(
8
):
665
71
.
Kaufman
,
Sharon
.
2003
.
And a Time to Die: How American Hospitals Shape the End of Life
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Kaufman
,
Sharon
.
2015
.
Ordinary Medicine: Extraordinary Treatments, Longer Lives, and Where to Draw the Line
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Law
,
John
.
2002
. “
Objects and Spaces
.”
Theory, Culture and Society
19
(
5/6
):
91
105
.
Lee
,
Ju Ah
,
Yui
Sasaki
,
Ichiro
Arai
,
Ho-Yeon
Go
,
Sunju
Park
,
Keiko
Yukawa
,
Yun Kung
Nam
,
Seong-Gyu
Ko
,
Yoshiharu
Motoo
,
Kiichiro
Tsutani
, and
Myeong Soo
Lee
.
2018
. “
An Assessment of the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Korean People Using an Adapted Version of the Standardized International Questionnaire (I-CAM-QK): A Cross-Sectional Study of an Internet Survey
.”
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
18
(
1
):
238
. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2294-6.
Motoo
,
Yoshiharu
,
Keiko
Yukawa
,
Ichiro
Arai
,
Kazuho
Hisamura
, and
Kiichiro
Tsutani
.
2019
. “
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Internet Survey Using the Japanese Version of the International Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire
.”
JMA Journal
4 2
(
1
):
35
46
. https://doi.org/10.31662/jmaj.2018-0044.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
.
2000
.
Expanding Horizons of Healthcare: Five-Year Strategic Plan 2001–2005
. NIH Publication No. 01-5001.
Washington, DC
:
US Department of Health and Human Services
.
Sepulveda
,
Juan Marcos Gonzalez
,
Drishti
Baid
,
F. Reed
Johnson
, and
Eric A.
Finkelstein
.
2021
. “
What Is a Good Death? A Choice Experiment on Care Indicators for Patients at End of Life
.”
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
63
(
4
):
457
67
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.11.005.
Star
,
Susan Lee
, and
James R.
Griesemer
.
1989
. “
Institutional Ecology, ‘Translations’ and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907–39
.”
Social Studies of Science
19
(
4
):
387
420
.
TAHPM
.
2019
.
Splendid Twenty Years in Hospice and Sustaining It for the Future: Celebrating the Twentieth Anniversary of Taiwan Academy of Hospice Palliative Medicine
.
Taipei
:
Taiwan Academy of Hospice Palliative Medicine (TAHPM)
.
Tsao
,
Fu-nien
.
2020
. “
Mother of Hospices Turns to a Patient Admitted to Hospice: Co-Shi Chao Admits That Taiwan Replies ‘Model Hospitals’ to Achieve High Ranking in Hospice
” [in Chinese].
The Reporter
,
December
20
,
2020
. https://www.twreporter.org/a/good-death-myth-behind-the-asia-champion-of-the-quality-of-death-index.
Weiner
,
Carolyn L.
,
Shizuko
Fagerhaugh
,
Barbara
Suczek
, and
Anselm L.
Strauss
.
1997
.
Social Organization of Medical Work
. Reprint,
Piscataway, NJ
:
Transaction
.

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