The introduction opens the book by laying out the relationship between capitalism and the diversification of genders and sexualities in contemporary Tokyo. One central question the book asks is: How do the material conditions brought about by economic stagnation enable nonnormative ways of being to emerge as new possibilities? This introduction explores the stakes of this question for trans and gender nonconforming individuals, particularly how they might flourish in a capitalist context. It argues that markets are an important force for the emergence and embodiment of gender categories in Japan. It shows how tracing emergent genders and the conditions that give rise to them can be useful for rethinking commonsense structures of productivity, identitarian models of articulating gender and sexuality, boom-based cultures, and Cool Japan ideology.