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The introduction presents the FBI Most Wanted Terrorist list and frames it as a site for making categories. It introduces the racelessness of the Muslims on the list as a puzzle that raises questions about race as an epistemology. What is race to the FBI such that Muslims on the Most Wanted Terrorist list do not have it? And what can this tell us about race more broadly in the twenty-first century, coming off the complex contestations around race in the previous few decades? The book’s argument that we must take seriously the defects of race as a mode of organization and analytical category is introduced. The introduction outlines the arguments of scholars across fields who, with an interest in blackness, think about race from outside the terms of race and argues that Adolphe Quetelet’s “average man” is an abstraction made material through its uses in policing. The chapter reviews the historical relation of Islam to the fabrication of the Negro in the US political-economic order and the divinity of man in this racial epistemology.

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