The introduction lays out the main arguments and interventions of the book, most notably the “Diasporic Midwest,” a framework to extend the study of the African Diaspora by tracing the significance of the US heartland to shaping twentieth-century global Black history through Garveyism. The book is especially concerned with calling attention to the possibilities, limitations, and gendered contours of Black nationalism, radicalism, and internationalism through Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and its offshoots, like the “Midwestern Garveyite Front.” Some Black nationalists practiced “Black diasporic radicalism,” a politics that both repudiated European colonialism, Jim Crow, and white cultural hegemony, and embraced settler colonialism, heteropatriarchy, and civilizationism, the belief that New World Blacks had the right to rule allegedly backward continental Africans. Through multisited archives and oral history interviews, The Second Battle for Africa reconfigures the history of global Garveyism, the US heartland, and the African Diaspora.