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The introduction provides an overview of Puerto Rican history in New York, Latin music in the city, and salsa’s evolving meanings since the 1970s. Negrón provides a necessary background for understanding salsa within the Nuyorican Arts Movement, as Black diasporic expressive culture, and an expression of Nuyorican futurity. She introduces Fania Records and establishes the aesthetic, cultural, and historical context for the music’s emergence, commodification, and commercialization. The overview of Puerto Rican history in New York constitutes “NuYoRico” and Nuyorican communities in relation to local (New York) and national (United States, Puerto Rico) histories, Puerto Rican abjection, and nationalist cultural politics that Puerto Ricans navigate as racialized colonial and diasporic subjects and cultural agents.

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, Marshall Bloom (AC
1966
)
Alternative Press Collection
Archivo Histórico Fundación Rafael Hernández Colón
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, https://worldradiohistory.com/
Discography
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,
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.
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.
Anthony
,
Marc
3.0
.
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,
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.

“Vivir mi vida”

Barretto
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Ray
.
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Riverside Records
,
1961
.
Barretto
,
Ray
.
Acid
.
Fania Records
,
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.
Barretto
,
Ray
.
Barretto Power
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,
1971
.

“Right On”

Barretto
,
Ray
.
Que viva la música
.
Fania Records
,
1972
.

“Cocinando”

Barretto
,
Ray
.
Indestructible
.
Fania Records
,
1973
.
Barretto
,
Ray
.
Tomorrow: Barretto Live
.
Atlantic Records
,
1976
.
Barretto
,
Ray
.
Rican/Struction
.
Fania Records
,
1979
.

“Adelante siempre voy”

Bataan
,
Joe
.
Gypsy Woman
.
Fania Records
,
1967
.

“Gypsy Woman”

Bataan
,
Joe
.
Riot
.
Fania Records
,
1968
.
Bataan
,
Joe
.
Subway Joe
.
Fania Records
,
1968
.
Bataan
,
Joe
.
Poor Boy
.
Fania Records
,
1969
.
Bataan
,
Joe
.
Singin’ Some Soul
.
Fania Records
,
1969
.

“Under the Street Lamps”

“Young, Gifted and Brown”

Bataan
,
Joe
.
Mr. New York and the East Side Kids
.
Fania Records
,
1971
.
Blades
,
Rubén
.
Bohemio y poeta
.
Fania Records
,
1979
.

“Juan Pachanga”

Blades
,
Rubén
.
El que la hace la paga
.
Musica Latina International
,
1983
.
Blades
,
Rubén
.
Doble filo
.
Sonido
,
1986
.

“El Cantante”

Blades
,
Rubén
.
Agua de luna
.
Elektra Entertainment
,
1987
.
Blades
,
Rubén
.
The Best
.
Sony Discos Inc.
,
1992
.
Brecht
,
Bertolt
, lyricist.
The Threepenny Opera
.
Theater am Schiffbauerdamm, Berlin
,
1928
.

“Mack the Knife”

La Bruja
.
Brujalicious
.
De La Luz Records
,
2006
.

“Nuyorico Interlude”

“Revento”

Caymmi
,
Dorival
.
Eu Vou pra Maracangalha
.
Indústrias Elétricas E Musicais Fábrica Odeon S.A.
,
1957
.

“Maracangalha”

Colón
,
Willie
.
El Malo
.
Fania Records
,
1967
.

“Chonqui”

“El Malo”

“Skinny Papa”

“Willie Baby”

“Willie Whopper”

Colón
,
Willie
.
The Hustler
.
Fania Records
,
1968
.

“The Hustler”

“Qué lío”

“Se acaba este mundo”

“Soñando despierto”

Colón
,
Willie
.
Cosa nuestra
.
Fania Records
,
1969
.

“Ausencia”

“Che che colé”

“Juana Peña”

“Sonero mayor”

“Te conozco”

Colón
,
Willie
.
Guisando / Doing a Job
.
Fania Records
,
1969
.

“Guisando”

“I Wish I Had a Watermelon”

“No me den candela”

“Oíga señor”

“El Titán”

Colón
,
Willie
.
Asalto Navideño.
Vol.
1
.
Fania Records
,
1970
.

“Canto a Borinquen”

“La murga”

“Popurri Navideño”

“Traigo la salsa”

Colón
,
Willie
.
The Big Break—La gran fuga
.
Fania Records
,
1970
.

“Abuelita”

“Pa’ Colombia”

“Panameña”

“Sigue feliz”

Colón
,
Willie
.
Crime Pays
.
Fania Records
,
1972
.
Colón
,
Willie
.
El Juicio
.
Fania Records
,
1972
.

“Piraña”

“Si la ves”

“Soñando despierto”

“Timbalero”

Colón
,
Willie
.
Asalto Navideño.
Vol.
2
.
Fania Records
,
1973
.

“Pescao (Potpourri sambao)”

“Recomendación”

Colón
,
Willie
.
Lo mato (si no compra este LP)
.
Fania Records
,
1973
.

“Calle Luna, Calle Sol”

“Guajira ven”

“Vo so”

Colón
,
Willie
.
The Good, the Bad, the Ugly
.
Fania Records
,
1975
.

“Cazanguero”

“Toma”

Colón
,
Willie
, and
Rubén
,
Blades
.
Metiendo mano
.
Fania Records
,
1977
.

“Pablo Pueblo”

Colón
,
Willie
, and
Rubén
,
Blades
.
Siembra
.
Fania Records
,
1978
.

“Pedro Navaja”

“Plástico”

“Siembra”

Colón
,
Willie
, and
Rubén
,
Blades
.
Canciones del solar de los aburridos
.
Musica Latina International
,
1981
.
Colón
,
Willie
, and
Héctor
LaVoe
.
Vigilante
.
Musica Latina International
,
1983
.
Cruz
,
Celia
, and
Willie
Colón
.
Only They Could Have Made This Album
.
Vaya Records
,
1977
.
Fania All-Stars
.
Live at the Red Garter
. Vol.
1
.
Fania Records
,
1968
.
Fania All-Stars
.
Live at the Cheetah.
Vols.
1 and 2
.
Fania Records
,
1972
.

“Anacaona”

“Bembé”

“Closing Theme”

“Cockfight and Interview”

“Introduction Theme” (“Cocinando”)

“Ponte duro”

“Quítate tú”

Fania All-Stars
.
Live at Yankee Stadium.
Vols.
1 and 2
.
Fania Records
,
1975
.

“Bemba colorá”

“Mi gente”

Fania All-Stars
.
Rhythm Machine
.
Columbia Records
,
1977
.

“Juana Pachanga”

Fania All-Stars
.
Live at the Cheetah
. Vol.
1
.
Craft Recordings
,
2022
.
Fania All-Stars
.
Live at the Cheetah.
Vol.
2
.
Craft Recordings
,
2023
.
Gillespie
,
Dizzy
,
Chano
Pozo
, and
Gil
Fuller
. “
Manteca
.”
Manteca
.
RCA Victor
,
1947
.
Hernández
,
Rafael
. “
Preciosa
.”
Victor
,
1935
.
Hernández
,
Rafael
.
Lamento Borincano.
Vols.
1 and 2
.
Arhoolie Records
,
2001
.

“Lamento Borincano,” 1930.

Joe Cotto y Su Orquesta
.
Dolores
.
Magda
,
1963
.

“Dolores”

Joe Cuba Sextet
.
Wanted Dead or Alive
.
Tico Records
,
1966
.

“Bang! Bang!”

Khaled
. “
C'est la vie
.”
Universal Music
,
2012
.
La Lupe
.
Reina de la cancion Latina / Queen of Latin Soul
.
Tico Records
,
1968
.

“La Tirana”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
La Voz
.
Fania Records
,
1975
.

“Un amor de la calle”

“Mi gente”

“Paraíso de dulzura”

“Rompe saragüey”

“El Todopoderoso”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
De ti depende
.
Fania Records
,
1976
.

“Mentira”

“Periódico de ayer”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Comedia
.
Fania Records
,
1978
.

“Bandolera”

“El Cantante”

“Comedia”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Héctor, Yomo y Daniel: Feliz Navidad
.
Fania Records
,
1979
.

“Mr. Brownie”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Lo que pide la gente
.
Musica Latina
,
1984
.
LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Revento
.
Musica Latina International
,
1985
.

“La fama”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Héctor LaVoe Live
.
JMM Records
,
1997
.
LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Cantante: The Originals
.
Fania
,
2007
.
LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
A Man and His Music
.
Fania
,
2010
.
Orchestra
,
Harlow
.
Abran paso
!
Fania Records
,
1971
.

“Abran paso”

Orchestra
,
Harlow
.
Hommy: A Latin Opera
.
Fania Records
,
1973
.
Original Dixieland “Jass” Band
.
Dixieland Jass Band One-Step
.
Victor
,
1917
.

“Livery Stable Blues”

Pacheco
,
Johnny
.
Cañonazo
.
Fania Records
,
1964
.
Palmieri
,
Eddie
.
Justicia
.
Tico Records
,
1970
.

“Everything Is Everything”

“Justicia”

Palmieri
,
Eddie
.
Sentido
.
Mango Records
,
1973
.

“Puerto Rico”

Palmieri
,
Eddie
.
The Sun of Latin Music
.
Coco Records
,
1973
.
Palmieri
,
Eddie
, with Harlem River Drive.
Live at Sing Sing.
Vol.
1
.
Tico Records
,
1972
.
Palmieri
,
Eddie
, with Harlem River Drive.
Live at Sing Sing.
Vol.
2
.
Tico Records
,
1974
.
Quiñones
,
Domingo
.
¿Quién mató a Héctor LaVoe?
RMM Records
,
1999
.
Rivera
,
Ismael
.
Esto fue lo que trajo el barco
.
Tico Records
,
1972
.
Rivera
,
Ismael
.
Lo último en la avenida
.
Tico Records
,
1972
.
Rivera
,
Ismael
.
Traigo de todo
.
Tico Records
,
1974
.

“El Nazareno”

Rodríguez
,
Pete
El Conde
.”
De Panamá a New York / From Panama to New York
.
Alegre Records
,
1970
.
Rodríguez
,
Pete
.
I Like It Like That
.
Alegre Records
,
1967
.
Roberto Roena y su Apollo Sound
.
La 8va maravilla
.
International Records
,
1977
.

“Para ser rumbero”

Roberto Roena y su Apollo Sound
.
9
. International Records,
1977
.

“Nadie sabe”

Santana
,
Carlos
.
Carlos Abraxas
.
CBS Records
,
1970
.

“Oye como va”

Sonora Ponceña
.
Fuego en el 23
.
Inca Records
,
1969
.

“Fuego en el 23”

Various
.
Tributo urbano a Héctor LaVoe
.
Emusica
,
2007
.
Interviews with Public Figures
Unless otherwise noted, all interviews were conducted by the author in New York.
Amadeo
,
Willie
.
July
14
,
2002
.
Barreiro
,
Vicente
.
July
12
,
2002
.
Bonilla
,
Richie
.
August
4
,
2003
.
Calderón
,
Henry
.
July
23
,
2002
.
Candelario
,
Charlie
.
July
14
,
2002
.
Delgado
,
Jimmy
.
September
9
,
2002
.
DJ
Berto
.
July
12
,
2002
.
Flores
,
Aurora
.
September
16
,
2002
.
Flores
,
Elliot
Yeyito
.”
September
11
,
2002
.
Flores
,
Luis
Máquina
.”
July
14
and
August
22
,
2003
.
Gallo
,
Victor
.
August
8
,
2002
, and
September
10
,
2003
.
Harlow
,
Larry
.
September
9
,
2002
.
Luciano
,
Felipe
.
July
25
,
2002
.
Mangual
,
José
, Jr.
August
26
,
2003
.
Marín, Orlando
.
September
9
,
2003
.
Marrero
,
Nicky
.
September
8
,
2003
.
Mercado
,
Ralph
.
August
29
,
2002
.
Montalvo
,
Eddie
.
September
9
,
2003
.
Morales
,
Frankie
.
August
27
,
2003
.
Ocasio
,
Nydia
.
December
20
,
2007
.
Pacheco
,
Johnny
.
September
15
,
2002
.
Pagán
,
Dylcia
. Phone interview.
August
19
,
2003
René
,
Angel
.
July
25
,
2002
.
Rodríguez
,
Ángel
.
August
5
,
2002
.
Sanabria
,
Izzy
.
Union City, NJ
,
September
17
,
2002
.
Segarra
,
Arnie
.
September
9
,
2002
.
Solá
,
Vicky
.
July
14
,
2002
.
Suárez
,
Efraín
.
July
13
and
July
16
,
2002
.
Valdez
Jr.,
Alfredo
.
August
24
,
2003
.
Valentín
,
Dave
. Phone interview,
August
22
,
2003
.
Cited Lawsuits
Bach v. Longman
(
1777
) 2 Cowp.
623
.
Blades v. Fania Records
, No. 1:2002-cv-07042 (S.D.N.Y. filed
September
5
,
2002
).
Blades v. Vaya Records
, No. 10693/88 (N.Y. Sup. filed
May
27
,
1988
).
Childress v. Taylor
, 945 F.2d 500 (2d Cir.
1991
).
Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reed
(490 U.S. 730
1989
).
Donaldson v. Becket
(
1774
)
Hansard
, 1st ser.,
17
(
1774
):
953
1003
.
Feliciano v. Valsyn, S.A.
, No. civ 04–1809 PG,
2006
WL 3718177.
Feliciano v. Valsyn, S.A.
, No. 1:2008-cv-09583 (S.D.N.Y. filed
November
7
,
2008
).
Feliciano v. Valsyn, S.A.
2006 U.S. Dist. App. LEXIS 108185 (D.P.R. filed
October
4
,
2006
).
Gallo v. Sonido, Inc.
, No. 603940/2004 (N.Y. Sup. filed
2005
).
Hart v. Graham
(N.D. Ill.
1917
).
Latin American Music Co. and ACEMLA v. Cárdenas Fernández and Assoc., Inc.
, 2 F. App'x 40 (1st Cir.
2001
).
Latin American Music Co. v. Cárdenas Fernández and Assocs., Inc.
, 60 F. App'x 843, 847 (1st Cir.
2003
).
Latin American Music Co. v. Spanish Broadcasting
, 232 F. Supp. 3d 384 (S.D.N.Y.
2017
).
Lugo v. Sonido, Inc.
, No. 99/115246 (N.Y. Sup. filed
July
7
,
1999
).
Maldonado v. Valsyn, S.A.
, 2009 U.S. Dist. App. LEXIS 90920, 2009 WL 3094888 (S.D.N.Y. filed
September
23
,
2009
).
Masucci v. Gosnell.
No 0602438/2006, N.Y. Slip Op. 32446 (N.Y. Sup.
2007
).
Masucci v. Sonido, Inc
., No. 603594/2005, N.Y. Slip Op 33892 (N.Y. Sup.
2011
).
Musica Latina International, Inc. v. Blades
, No. 84 civ. 0719, 1984 App. WL 336 (S.D.N.Y. filed
May
21
,
1984
).
Roena v. Fania
, No. 3:03-cv-01484 (D.P.R. filed
May
1
,
2003
).
Valentín v. Fania Records
, No. 3:02-cv-02298 (D.P.R. filed
August
27
,
2002
).
WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center, “Administrative Panel Decision
:
Sonido, Inc. v.
MU21C.COM Inc. Case No. D2006–0685.
Liner Notes
Colón
,
Willie
. Liner notes for
Asalto Navideño
,
deluxe edition
.
Díaz Ayala
,
Cristóbal
. Liner notes for
Lamento Borincano
, vols.
1 and 2
.
Fania
. Liner notes for
The Last Fight
.
Flores
,
Aurora
. Liner notes for
El Juicio
.
Fania
.
Flores
,
Juan
. Liner notes for
Asalto Navideño
, vol.
1
.
Luciano
,
Felipe
. Liner notes for
Tomorrow: Barretto Live
.
Atlantic Records
,
1976
.
Rodríguez
,
Pete
. Liner notes for
El Malo
.
Fania Records
,
1967
.
Rudland
,
Daniel
. Liner notes for
I Can See
.
Sanabria
,
Izzy
. Liner notes for
The Hustler
.
Fania Records
,
1968
.
Sanabria
,
Izzy
, and
Gerald
Masucci
. Liner notes for
Fania
1964–1994
Videography/Filmography
Brooks
,
Richard
, dir.
Blackboard Jungle
.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
,
1955
.
Chaplin
,
Charlie
.
The Circus
.
United Artists
,
1928
.
Ferland
,
Guy
, dir.
Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights.
Lionsgate
,
2004
.
Frankenheimer
,
John
, dir.
The Young Savages
.
United Artists
,
1961
.
García
,
Ana María
, dir.
Cocolos y rockeros
.
Du Art Film and Video
,
1992
.
Gast
,
Leon
, dir.
Our Latin Thing
.
Fania Records
,
1972
.
Gast
,
Leon
, dir.
When We Were Kings
.
PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
,
1996
.
Gast
,
Leon
, and
Jerry
Masucci
, dirs.
Salsa
. 1976.
Movies and Pictures International
,
1993
.
Haines
,
Randa
, dir.
Dance with Me
.
Columbia TriStar
,
1998
.
Hector Lavoe ‘El Cantante’ En Vivo/Live
.” YouTube,
October
22
,
2015
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DNPN9BukTY.
Hector Lavoe Live at the Village Gate 1988. Sings ‘El Cantante.’
” YouTube,
September
21
,
2016
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y40OXQAQ8SE.
Hussein
,
Waris
, dir.
The Possession of Joe Delaney
.
Haworth Productions and ITC Entertainment
,
1972
.
Ichaso
,
Leon
.
El Cantante
.
Picturehouse
,
2006
.
Latin Music USA
.
“Chapter 5: Our Latin Thing and the Fania All-Stars.”
Latin Music USA
. PBS,
October
12
,
2009
. Accessed
December
15
,
2014
. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/latinmusicusa/02/05.html.
Latin Music USA
.
“The Salsa Revolution.”
Latin Music USA
. PBS,
October
12
,
2009
. Accessed
December
15
, 2014. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/latinmusicusa/index.html#/en/wat/02/03.
Levy-Hinte
,
Jeff
, dir.
Soul Power
.
Antidote Films
,
2008
.
Lustig
,
William
, dir.
Vigilante
.
Magnum Motion Pictures
,
1982
.
Maysles
,
David
,
Albert
Maysles
, and
Charlotte
Zwerin
, dirs.
Gimme Shelter
.
Direct Cinema
,
1970
.
Mires
,
Fran
, exec. prod. “
De la gloria al ocaso
.”
Ocurrió así
.
Telemundo WNJU-TV
,
1993
.
Molina Casanova
,
Luis
, dir.
Nuestro Pabellón
.
1992
.
Momber
,
Marlis
.
Viva Loisaida
.
Gruppe Dokumentation and Tylis
,
1978
.
Parker
,
Alan
, dir.
Fame
.
United Artists
,
1980
.
Rossen
,
Robert
, dir.
The Hustler
.
20th Century Fox
,
1961
.
Ruben Blades—El Cantante—Damrosch NYC. 8–7-13.
” YouTube,
August
7
,
2013
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g95306RmDg4.
SDRB #8
. Webcast,
August
13
,
2007
. Accessed
September
29
,
2014
, https://myspace.com/rubenbladescom/video/show-de-ruben-blades-8/28735753.
Wadleigh
,
Michael
, dir.
Woodstock
. Warner Bros.,
1970
.
Williamson
,
Fred
, dir.
The Last Fight
. Best Film and Video,
1983
.
Wise
,
Robert
, and
Jerome
Robbins
, dirs.
West Side Story
.
Mirisch Pictures and Seven Arts Productions
,
1962
.
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Figures & Tables

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.
Vigilante
.
Musica Latina International
,
1983
.
Cruz
,
Celia
, and
Willie
Colón
.
Only They Could Have Made This Album
.
Vaya Records
,
1977
.
Fania All-Stars
.
Live at the Red Garter
. Vol.
1
.
Fania Records
,
1968
.
Fania All-Stars
.
Live at the Cheetah.
Vols.
1 and 2
.
Fania Records
,
1972
.

“Anacaona”

“Bembé”

“Closing Theme”

“Cockfight and Interview”

“Introduction Theme” (“Cocinando”)

“Ponte duro”

“Quítate tú”

Fania All-Stars
.
Live at Yankee Stadium.
Vols.
1 and 2
.
Fania Records
,
1975
.

“Bemba colorá”

“Mi gente”

Fania All-Stars
.
Rhythm Machine
.
Columbia Records
,
1977
.

“Juana Pachanga”

Fania All-Stars
.
Live at the Cheetah
. Vol.
1
.
Craft Recordings
,
2022
.
Fania All-Stars
.
Live at the Cheetah.
Vol.
2
.
Craft Recordings
,
2023
.
Gillespie
,
Dizzy
,
Chano
Pozo
, and
Gil
Fuller
. “
Manteca
.”
Manteca
.
RCA Victor
,
1947
.
Hernández
,
Rafael
. “
Preciosa
.”
Victor
,
1935
.
Hernández
,
Rafael
.
Lamento Borincano.
Vols.
1 and 2
.
Arhoolie Records
,
2001
.

“Lamento Borincano,” 1930.

Joe Cotto y Su Orquesta
.
Dolores
.
Magda
,
1963
.

“Dolores”

Joe Cuba Sextet
.
Wanted Dead or Alive
.
Tico Records
,
1966
.

“Bang! Bang!”

Khaled
. “
C'est la vie
.”
Universal Music
,
2012
.
La Lupe
.
Reina de la cancion Latina / Queen of Latin Soul
.
Tico Records
,
1968
.

“La Tirana”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
La Voz
.
Fania Records
,
1975
.

“Un amor de la calle”

“Mi gente”

“Paraíso de dulzura”

“Rompe saragüey”

“El Todopoderoso”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
De ti depende
.
Fania Records
,
1976
.

“Mentira”

“Periódico de ayer”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Comedia
.
Fania Records
,
1978
.

“Bandolera”

“El Cantante”

“Comedia”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Héctor, Yomo y Daniel: Feliz Navidad
.
Fania Records
,
1979
.

“Mr. Brownie”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Lo que pide la gente
.
Musica Latina
,
1984
.
LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Revento
.
Musica Latina International
,
1985
.

“La fama”

LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Héctor LaVoe Live
.
JMM Records
,
1997
.
LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
Cantante: The Originals
.
Fania
,
2007
.
LaVoe
,
Héctor
.
A Man and His Music
.
Fania
,
2010
.
Orchestra
,
Harlow
.
Abran paso
!
Fania Records
,
1971
.

“Abran paso”

Orchestra
,
Harlow
.
Hommy: A Latin Opera
.
Fania Records
,
1973
.
Original Dixieland “Jass” Band
.
Dixieland Jass Band One-Step
.
Victor
,
1917
.

“Livery Stable Blues”

Pacheco
,
Johnny
.
Cañonazo
.
Fania Records
,
1964
.
Palmieri
,
Eddie
.
Justicia
.
Tico Records
,
1970
.

“Everything Is Everything”

“Justicia”

Palmieri
,
Eddie
.
Sentido
.
Mango Records
,
1973
.

“Puerto Rico”

Palmieri
,
Eddie
.
The Sun of Latin Music
.
Coco Records
,
1973
.
Palmieri
,
Eddie
, with Harlem River Drive.
Live at Sing Sing.
Vol.
1
.
Tico Records
,
1972
.
Palmieri
,
Eddie
, with Harlem River Drive.
Live at Sing Sing.
Vol.
2
.
Tico Records
,
1974
.
Quiñones
,
Domingo
.
¿Quién mató a Héctor LaVoe?
RMM Records
,
1999
.
Rivera
,
Ismael
.
Esto fue lo que trajo el barco
.
Tico Records
,
1972
.
Rivera
,
Ismael
.
Lo último en la avenida
.
Tico Records
,
1972
.
Rivera
,
Ismael
.
Traigo de todo
.
Tico Records
,
1974
.

“El Nazareno”

Rodríguez
,
Pete
El Conde
.”
De Panamá a New York / From Panama to New York
.
Alegre Records
,
1970
.
Rodríguez
,
Pete
.
I Like It Like That
.
Alegre Records
,
1967
.
Roberto Roena y su Apollo Sound
.
La 8va maravilla
.
International Records
,
1977
.

“Para ser rumbero”

Roberto Roena y su Apollo Sound
.
9
. International Records,
1977
.

“Nadie sabe”

Santana
,
Carlos
.
Carlos Abraxas
.
CBS Records
,
1970
.

“Oye como va”

Sonora Ponceña
.
Fuego en el 23
.
Inca Records
,
1969
.

“Fuego en el 23”

Various
.
Tributo urbano a Héctor LaVoe
.
Emusica
,
2007
.
Interviews with Public Figures
Unless otherwise noted, all interviews were conducted by the author in New York.
Amadeo
,
Willie
.
July
14
,
2002
.
Barreiro
,
Vicente
.
July
12
,
2002
.
Bonilla
,
Richie
.
August
4
,
2003
.
Calderón
,
Henry
.
July
23
,
2002
.
Candelario
,
Charlie
.
July
14
,
2002
.
Delgado
,
Jimmy
.
September
9
,
2002
.
DJ
Berto
.
July
12
,
2002
.
Flores
,
Aurora
.
September
16
,
2002
.
Flores
,
Elliot
Yeyito
.”
September
11
,
2002
.
Flores
,
Luis
Máquina
.”
July
14
and
August
22
,
2003
.
Gallo
,
Victor
.
August
8
,
2002
, and
September
10
,
2003
.
Harlow
,
Larry
.
September
9
,
2002
.
Luciano
,
Felipe
.
July
25
,
2002
.
Mangual
,
José
, Jr.
August
26
,
2003
.
Marín, Orlando
.
September
9
,
2003
.
Marrero
,
Nicky
.
September
8
,
2003
.
Mercado
,
Ralph
.
August
29
,
2002
.
Montalvo
,
Eddie
.
September
9
,
2003
.
Morales
,
Frankie
.
August
27
,
2003
.
Ocasio
,
Nydia
.
December
20
,
2007
.
Pacheco
,
Johnny
.
September
15
,
2002
.
Pagán
,
Dylcia
. Phone interview.
August
19
,
2003
René
,
Angel
.
July
25
,
2002
.
Rodríguez
,
Ángel
.
August
5
,
2002
.
Sanabria
,
Izzy
.
Union City, NJ
,
September
17
,
2002
.
Segarra
,
Arnie
.
September
9
,
2002
.
Solá
,
Vicky
.
July
14
,
2002
.
Suárez
,
Efraín
.
July
13
and
July
16
,
2002
.
Valdez
Jr.,
Alfredo
.
August
24
,
2003
.
Valentín
,
Dave
. Phone interview,
August
22
,
2003
.
Cited Lawsuits
Bach v. Longman
(
1777
) 2 Cowp.
623
.
Blades v. Fania Records
, No. 1:2002-cv-07042 (S.D.N.Y. filed
September
5
,
2002
).
Blades v. Vaya Records
, No. 10693/88 (N.Y. Sup. filed
May
27
,
1988
).
Childress v. Taylor
, 945 F.2d 500 (2d Cir.
1991
).
Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reed
(490 U.S. 730
1989
).
Donaldson v. Becket
(
1774
)
Hansard
, 1st ser.,
17
(
1774
):
953
1003
.
Feliciano v. Valsyn, S.A.
, No. civ 04–1809 PG,
2006
WL 3718177.
Feliciano v. Valsyn, S.A.
, No. 1:2008-cv-09583 (S.D.N.Y. filed
November
7
,
2008
).
Feliciano v. Valsyn, S.A.
2006 U.S. Dist. App. LEXIS 108185 (D.P.R. filed
October
4
,
2006
).
Gallo v. Sonido, Inc.
, No. 603940/2004 (N.Y. Sup. filed
2005
).
Hart v. Graham
(N.D. Ill.
1917
).
Latin American Music Co. and ACEMLA v. Cárdenas Fernández and Assoc., Inc.
, 2 F. App'x 40 (1st Cir.
2001
).
Latin American Music Co. v. Cárdenas Fernández and Assocs., Inc.
, 60 F. App'x 843, 847 (1st Cir.
2003
).
Latin American Music Co. v. Spanish Broadcasting
, 232 F. Supp. 3d 384 (S.D.N.Y.
2017
).
Lugo v. Sonido, Inc.
, No. 99/115246 (N.Y. Sup. filed
July
7
,
1999
).
Maldonado v. Valsyn, S.A.
, 2009 U.S. Dist. App. LEXIS 90920, 2009 WL 3094888 (S.D.N.Y. filed
September
23
,
2009
).
Masucci v. Gosnell.
No 0602438/2006, N.Y. Slip Op. 32446 (N.Y. Sup.
2007
).
Masucci v. Sonido, Inc
., No. 603594/2005, N.Y. Slip Op 33892 (N.Y. Sup.
2011
).
Musica Latina International, Inc. v. Blades
, No. 84 civ. 0719, 1984 App. WL 336 (S.D.N.Y. filed
May
21
,
1984
).
Roena v. Fania
, No. 3:03-cv-01484 (D.P.R. filed
May
1
,
2003
).
Valentín v. Fania Records
, No. 3:02-cv-02298 (D.P.R. filed
August
27
,
2002
).
WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center, “Administrative Panel Decision
:
Sonido, Inc. v.
MU21C.COM Inc. Case No. D2006–0685.
Liner Notes
Colón
,
Willie
. Liner notes for
Asalto Navideño
,
deluxe edition
.
Díaz Ayala
,
Cristóbal
. Liner notes for
Lamento Borincano
, vols.
1 and 2
.
Fania
. Liner notes for
The Last Fight
.
Flores
,
Aurora
. Liner notes for
El Juicio
.
Fania
.
Flores
,
Juan
. Liner notes for
Asalto Navideño
, vol.
1
.
Luciano
,
Felipe
. Liner notes for
Tomorrow: Barretto Live
.
Atlantic Records
,
1976
.
Rodríguez
,
Pete
. Liner notes for
El Malo
.
Fania Records
,
1967
.
Rudland
,
Daniel
. Liner notes for
I Can See
.
Sanabria
,
Izzy
. Liner notes for
The Hustler
.
Fania Records
,
1968
.
Sanabria
,
Izzy
, and
Gerald
Masucci
. Liner notes for
Fania
1964–1994
Videography/Filmography
Brooks
,
Richard
, dir.
Blackboard Jungle
.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
,
1955
.
Chaplin
,
Charlie
.
The Circus
.
United Artists
,
1928
.
Ferland
,
Guy
, dir.
Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights.
Lionsgate
,
2004
.
Frankenheimer
,
John
, dir.
The Young Savages
.
United Artists
,
1961
.
García
,
Ana María
, dir.
Cocolos y rockeros
.
Du Art Film and Video
,
1992
.
Gast
,
Leon
, dir.
Our Latin Thing
.
Fania Records
,
1972
.
Gast
,
Leon
, dir.
When We Were Kings
.
PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
,
1996
.
Gast
,
Leon
, and
Jerry
Masucci
, dirs.
Salsa
. 1976.
Movies and Pictures International
,
1993
.
Haines
,
Randa
, dir.
Dance with Me
.
Columbia TriStar
,
1998
.
Hector Lavoe ‘El Cantante’ En Vivo/Live
.” YouTube,
October
22
,
2015
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DNPN9BukTY.
Hector Lavoe Live at the Village Gate 1988. Sings ‘El Cantante.’
” YouTube,
September
21
,
2016
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y40OXQAQ8SE.
Hussein
,
Waris
, dir.
The Possession of Joe Delaney
.
Haworth Productions and ITC Entertainment
,
1972
.
Ichaso
,
Leon
.
El Cantante
.
Picturehouse
,
2006
.
Latin Music USA
.
“Chapter 5: Our Latin Thing and the Fania All-Stars.”
Latin Music USA
. PBS,
October
12
,
2009
. Accessed
December
15
,
2014
. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/latinmusicusa/02/05.html.
Latin Music USA
.
“The Salsa Revolution.”
Latin Music USA
. PBS,
October
12
,
2009
. Accessed
December
15
, 2014. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/latinmusicusa/index.html#/en/wat/02/03.
Levy-Hinte
,
Jeff
, dir.
Soul Power
.
Antidote Films
,
2008
.
Lustig
,
William
, dir.
Vigilante
.
Magnum Motion Pictures
,
1982
.
Maysles
,
David
,
Albert
Maysles
, and
Charlotte
Zwerin
, dirs.
Gimme Shelter
.
Direct Cinema
,
1970
.
Mires
,
Fran
, exec. prod. “
De la gloria al ocaso
.”
Ocurrió así
.
Telemundo WNJU-TV
,
1993
.
Molina Casanova
,
Luis
, dir.
Nuestro Pabellón
.
1992
.
Momber
,
Marlis
.
Viva Loisaida
.
Gruppe Dokumentation and Tylis
,
1978
.
Parker
,
Alan
, dir.
Fame
.
United Artists
,
1980
.
Rossen
,
Robert
, dir.
The Hustler
.
20th Century Fox
,
1961
.
Ruben Blades—El Cantante—Damrosch NYC. 8–7-13.
” YouTube,
August
7
,
2013
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g95306RmDg4.
SDRB #8
. Webcast,
August
13
,
2007
. Accessed
September
29
,
2014
, https://myspace.com/rubenbladescom/video/show-de-ruben-blades-8/28735753.
Wadleigh
,
Michael
, dir.
Woodstock
. Warner Bros.,
1970
.
Williamson
,
Fred
, dir.
The Last Fight
. Best Film and Video,
1983
.
Wise
,
Robert
, and
Jerome
Robbins
, dirs.
West Side Story
.
Mirisch Pictures and Seven Arts Productions
,
1962
.
Zurinaga
,
Marcos
, dir.
Puerto Rico
.
Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company
,
1992
.
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