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The Master's Tools: The Inheritance of Colonialism

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

After independence, Nigeria and other African countries were left with a mixed bequest from Britain. Military officers wanted to keep some parts of it and discard others. The first task of independence was to sort through it and see what was what. That process was especially important with regard to two related parts of the state—the culture of the military and the apparatus of law. For many of the problems that Nigerians faced during military rule, colonialism’s jumbled inheritance was both the wound and the remedy. The challenge, both for those who supported military rule and those who opposed it, was figuring out what was what.

colonialism, law, militarism, United Kingdom, Nigeria

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The Soldier's Creed: Discipline as an Ideology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

The soldiers who took power in Commonwealth Africa in the 1960s had a political philosophy, and it was distinct from the prevailing ideologies of their time. Militarism drew on multiple sources, including the stiff-upper-lip martial tradition of British colonialism and the more radical influence of anticolonial liberation movements. Africa’s military leaders had more in common with radicals like Frantz Fanon than most people realized. Using jurisprudence to access their philosophy, “The Soldier’s Creed” describes how law and militarism intersected in postcolonial Africa. In Nigeria and elsewhere, soldiers saw judges as partners in their attempts to “discipline” their countries. Only some judges shared their vision, and politics became a tussle between men with gavels and men with guns.

ideology, discipline, militarism, freedom, Frantz Fanon

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