Skip to Main Content
Skip Nav Destination
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.

Since the late 2000s, creators and consumers of popular music have expressed renewed interest in music distributed through cassettes. The perseverance of the cassette serves as a lesson regarding our overemphasis on novelty and disruption in histories of media technologies. Without discounting its resurgence, this study considers how in the 1980s the cassette first came to the fore both as a format of music release and a symbol of intimate connection through music. The cassette redefined what it meant to share recorded music, yet to do so it needed communities into whose stories of themselves it could play. Within independent rock music culture, the cassette became both a pivotal medium of distribution and a motif in some of that subculture's defining dramas.

This content is only available as PDF.

Bibliography

Abdurraqib
,
Hanif
.
Go Ahead in the Rain: Notes to a Tribe Called Quest
.
Austin
:
University of Texas Press
,
2019
.
Abebe
,
Nitsuh
. “
Twee as Fuck: The Story of Indie Pop
.”
Pitchfork
,
October
24
,
2005
. https://pitchfork.com/features/article/6176-twee-as-fuck/.
Abrams
,
Howie
, and
James
Lathos
.
Finding Joseph I: An Oral History of H.R. from Bad Brains
.
New York
:
Post Hill
,
2019
.
Adams
,
Owen
. “
Label of Love: ROIR
.”
Guardian
,
November
4
,
2009
. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/nov/04/label-love-roir.
Adamson
,
George
. “
Hitch Your Mike to a Portable
.”
Magnetic Film and Tape Recording
,
July/August
1954
.
Alovisi
,
Ella
. “
Last.fm Was the Only Music Social Network That Made Sense
.” Noisey,
December
4
,
2017
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/a37x9g/lastfm-was-the-only-music-social-network-that-made-sense.
Amoniac
,
Sal
, and
George
Willard
. “
Linda Smith Tells All That She's Asked
.”
Mole
(
zine
:
Merrifield, VA
), no.
6
,
1993
.
Anderson
,
Tim J.
Female Treble: Gender, Record Retail, and a Play for Space
.” In
Point of Sale: Analyzing Media Retail
, edited by
Daniel
Herbert
and
Derek
Johnson
,
160
74
.
New Brunswick, NJ
:
Rutgers University Press
,
2020
.
Anderson
,
Tim J.
Music Supervision and Branding in an Era of ‘Convergent Advertising.’
” In
The Oxford Handbook of Music and Advertising
, edited by
James
Deaville
,
Siu-Lan
Tan
, and
Ron
Rodman
,
203
20
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2020
.
Anderson
,
Tim J.
Popular Music in a Digital Music Economy
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2014
.
Anthony
,
David
. “
How Music's Worst Format Has Found a New Life
.” A.V. Club,
September
6
,
2013
. https://www.avclub.com/how-music-s-worst-format-has-found-a-new-life-1798240422.
Apter
,
Jeff
.
The Dave Grohl Story
.
London
:
Omnibus
,
2006
.
Arnold
,
Gina
. “
Better Dead than Cool: Punk Philosophers Nirvana
.”
Option
,
January/February
1992
.
Azerrad
,
Michael
.
Come as You Are: The Story of Nirvana
.
New York
:
Doubleday
,
1993
.
Azerrad
,
Michael
.
Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Rock Underground, 1981–1991
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
,
2001
.
Azerrad
,
Michael
.
Rock Critic Law: 101 Unbreakable Rules for Writing Badly about Music
.
New York
:
Harper Collins
,
2018
.
Bannister
,
Matthew
. “
‘Loaded’: Indie Guitar Rock, Canonism, White Masculinities
.”
Popular Music
25
, no.
1
(
2006
):
77
95
.
Barnes
,
Ken
. “
Top 40 Radio: A Fragment of the Imagination
.” In
Facing the Music
, edited by
Simon
Frith
,
8
50
.
New York
:
Pantheon
,
1988
.
Bartmanski
,
Dominik
, and
Ian
Woodward
.
Vinyl: The Analog Record in the Digital Age
.
New York
:
Bloomsbury
,
2015
.
Barton
,
Laura
. “
Can I Get a Rewind?
The Guardian
,
December
8
,
2006
. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/dec/08/popandrock3.
Baumgarten
,
Mark
.
Love Rock Revolution: K Records and the Rise of Independent Music
.
Seattle
:
Sasquatch
,
2012
.
Becker
,
Howard
.
Art Worlds
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
1982
.
Begole
,
Christine
. “
How to Make Cassette Recordings for Holiday Parties
.”
Glamour
,
December
1979
.
Begole
,
Christine
. “
How to Make a Great Party Tape
.”
Glamour
,
December
1983
.
Berry
,
Chuck
.
The Autobiography
.
New York
:
Harmony
,
1987
.
Bessman
,
Jim
. “
ROIR Brings Its Punk-Era Rarities to CD
.”
Billboard
,
January
30
,
1999
.
Bijsterveld
,
Karin
, and
Annelies
Jacobs
. “
Storing Sound Souvenirs: The Multi-Sited Domestication of the Tape Recorder
.” In
Sound Souvenirs: Audio Technologies, Memory and Cultural Practices
, edited by
Karin
Bijsterveld
and
José van
Dijck
,
25
42
.
Amsterdam
:
Amsterdam University Press
,
2009
.
Birdwistle
,
Andy
. “
Start Here: Sounding the Materiality of the Compact Audio Cassette
.”
Resonance: The Journal of Sound and Culture
2
, no.
2
(
2021
):
192
217
.
Bitner
,
Jason
. “
Introduction
.” In
Cassettes from My Ex: Stories and Soundtracks of Lost Loves
, edited by
Jason
Bitner
,
1
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
2009
.
Blush
,
Steven
, and
George
Petros
.
American Hardcore: A Tribal History
.
Los Angeles
:
Feral House
,
2010
.
Bohlman
,
Andrea F.
Making Tapes in Poland: The Compact Cassette at Home
.”
Twentieth Century Music
14
, no.
1
(
2017
):
119
34
.
Bohlman
,
Andrea F.
, and
Peter
McMurray
. “
Tape: Or, Rewinding the Phonographic Regime
.”
Twentieth-Century Music
14
, no.
1
(
2017
):
3
24
.
Booth
,
Michael
. “
The Starbucks Lifestyle: It's Not Just about Coffee Anymore
.”
Denver Post
,
May
20
,
2003
.
Bottomley
,
Andrew J.
‘Home Taping Is Killing Music’: The Recording Industries’ 1980s Anti Home Taping Campaigns and Struggles over Production, Labor and Creativity
.”
Creative Industries Journal
8
, no.
2
(
2015
):
123
45
.
Bradberry
,
Brad
. “
Cleaners from Venus: Just Pop in a Cassette
.”
Option
,
May/June
1988
.
Bradberry
,
Brad
. “
Living with Victoria Grey
.”
Option
,
January/February
1987
.
Brewster
,
Bill
.
Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey
.
New York
:
Grove
,
2000
.
Bromberg
,
Craig
.
The Wicked Ways of Malcolm McLaren
.
New York
:
Harper and Row
,
1989
.
Brown
,
August
. “
A Sonic Rewind
.”
Los Angeles Times
,
August
1
,
2010
.
Burkart
,
Patrick
, and
Tom
McCourt
.
Digital Music Wars: Ownership and Control of the Celestial Jukebox
.
Lanham, MD
:
Rowman and Littlefield
,
2006
.
Burns
,
Jehnie
.
Mixtape Nostalgia: Culture, Memory, and Representation
.
Lanham, MD
:
Lexington
,
2021
.
Butterworth
,
Brent
. “
Don't Call It a Comeback: Cassettes Have Sounded Lousy for Years (and Still Do!)
Wirecutter
(blog). New York Times,
October
26
,
2021
. https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/cassettes-comeback-sound-lousy/.
C81 Glut
.”
New Musical Express
,
March
7
,
1981
.
Cameron
,
Keith
.
Mudhoney: The Sound and the Fury from Seattle
.
Minneapolis, MN
:
Voyageur
,
2014
.
Campau
,
Don
, prod. “
No Pigeonholes
.”
February
1986
. http://livingarchive.doncampau.com/no_pigeonholes_radio/february-1986.
Campau
,
Don
, prod. “
No Pigeonholes
.”
October
1986
. http://livingarchive.doncampau.com/no_pigeonholes_radio/october-1986.
Camper
,
Shirley
. “
Father Away? Children Will Love Record of His Voice
.”
Woman's Home Companion
,
November
1952
.
Canby
,
Edward Tatnall
.
Home Music Systems: How to Build and Enjoy Them
.
New York
:
Harper and Brothers
,
1953
.
Canby
,
Edward Tatnall
. “
Tape Bonanza
.”
Saturday Review of Literature
,
June
11
,
1949
.
Canby
,
Edward Tatnall
. “
Tape Records for the Home
.”
Harper's
,
August
1954
.
Carey
,
James
,
Afterword: The Culture in Question
.” In
James Carey: A Critical Reader
, edited by
Eve
Stryker
Munson and
Catherine A.
Warren
,
308
39
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
,
1997
.
Cassettes Are Rolling
.”
Newsweek
,
April
28
,
1969
.
Caulfield
,
Keith
. “
U.S. Cassette Album Sales Grew 23% in 2018
.”
Billboard
,
January
17
,
2019
. https://www.billboard.com/pro/us-cassette-album-sales-2018-britney-spears-guardians-twenty-one-pilots/.
Centawer
,
Marlie
. “
Rock-and-Roll Kinderwhore: Gender, Genre, and ‘Girlville’ in Liz Phair's Girly Sound (1991)
.”
Rock Music Studies
5
, no.
1
(
2018
):
58
75
.
Chadabe
,
Joel
.
Electric Sound: The Past and Promise of Electronic Music
.
Upper Saddle River, NJ
:
Prentice-Hall
,
1997
.
Chadbourne
,
Eugene
. “
My Recording Career: LPs and Cassettes
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
54
59
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Chang
,
Jeff
.
Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip Hop Generation
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
2007
.
Chaplin
,
Heather
, and
Aaron
Ruby
.
Smartbomb: The Quest for Art, Entertainment, and Big Bucks in the Videogame Revolution
.
Chapel Hill, NC
:
Algonquin
,
2005
.
Cheshire
,
Godfrey
. “
Welcome to Comboland
.”
Indy Week
,
May
10
,
2000
. https://indyweek.com/news/archives/welcome-comboland/.
Chicago A.V.
Club
. “
Tapes 'n’ Tapes, vol. 23: Kid Sister Everything
.” YouTube Video, 7:04,
October
7
,
2011
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DK5D7RAcocs&t=9s.
Christman
,
Ed.
Majors to NARM: Support the Cassette
.”
Billboard
,
November
5
,
1994
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Cassettes Are Evolution Tools
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
17
,
1992
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Cassettes on Top in Format Wars
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
14
, Spring
1990
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Editor's Note
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
3
, Fall
1985
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Publications (review of Option)
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
6
,
January/February
1987
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Reviews
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
3
, Fall
1985
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Reviews
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
6
,
January/February
1987
.
Clair
,
Adam
.
Endless Endless: A Lo-Fi History of the Elephant 6 Mystery
.
New York
:
Hachette
,
2022
.
Clark
,
Don
. “
New Web Sites Seek to Shape Public's Taste in Music
.”
Wall Street Journal
,
November
14
,
2000
.
Clark
,
Mark H.
Product Diversification
.” In
Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years
, edited by
Eric D.
Daniel
,
C. Denis
Mee
, and
Mark H.
Clark
,
92
109
.
New York
:
IEEE
,
1999
.
Classifieds
.”
Maximumrocknroll
(
zine
:
San Francisco
), no.
154
,
March
1996
.
Clerk
,
Carol
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
October
2
,
1982
.
Coates
,
Stephen
.
Bone Music: Soviet X-ray Audio
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
,
2022
.
Cobain
,
Kurt
. Liner notes for Incesticide, by Nirvana (CD). Sub Pop DGCD-24504, 1992.
Cohen
,
Jason
. “
Starry Eyes: Daniel Johnston's Search for Success
.”
Option
,
January/February
1995
.
Colbert
,
Paul
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
March
13
,
1982
.
Coley
,
Byron
. “
Replacements: ‘Shit Hits the Fans.’
Forced Exposure
(
zine
:
Waltham, MA
), nos.
7–8
, Summer
1985
.
Coley
,
Byron
. “
Underground
.”
Spin
,
February
1988
.
Coley
,
Byron
. “
Underground
.”
Spin
,
March
1988
.
Coley
,
Byron
. “
Underground
.”
Spin
,
October
1988
.
Colker
,
David
. “
Cassette Tapes’ New Life: iPod Holders
.”
Los Angeles Times
,
August
11
,
2009
.
Conly
,
John M.
They Shall Have Music
.”
Atlantic
,
February
1954
.
Connor
,
Steven
.
Dumbstruck: A Cultural History of Ventriloquism
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2000
.
Connor
,
Steven
. “
Looping the Loop: Tape-Time in Burroughs and Beckett
.” In
Beckett, Modernism and the Material Imagination
,
84
101
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
,
2014
.
Conrad
,
Frederick
,
Jason
Corey
,
Samantha
Goldstein
,
Joseph
Ostrow
, and
Michael
Sadowsky
. “
Extreme Re-listening: Songs People Love … and Continue to Love
.”
Psychology of Music
47
, no.
2
(
2019
):
158
72
.
Continental Telephone Supply Company
. “
Carry-Corder
” (advertisement).
New York Times
,
March
7
,
1965
.
Contributors
.”
W
51
, no.
3
(
2022
):
28
.
Cooper
,
Kim
.
In the Aeroplane over the Sea
.
New York
:
Continuum
,
2005
.
Coppola
,
Sofia
, dir.
The Virgin Suicides
.
San Francisco
:
American Zoetrope
,
1999
.
Cost
,
Jud
. “
Through the Looking Glass
.”
Magnet
(
zine
:
Morrisville, PA
), no.
34
,
May/June
1998
.
Creekmur
,
Chuck
. “
Caught on Tape
.”
Vibe
,
August
2004
.
Crowe
,
Cameron
, dir.
Say Anything
.
Los Angeles
:
Twentieth Century Fox
,
1989
.
Cummings
,
Alex Sayf
.
Democracy of Sound: Music Piracy and the Remaking of American Copyright in the Twentieth Century
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2013
.
Curran
,
Kieran
. “
‘On Tape’: Cassette Culture in Edinburgh and Glasgow Now
.” In
21st Century Perspectives on Music, Technology, and Culture: Listening Spaces
, edited by
Richard
Purcell
and
Richard
Randall
,
33
54
.
New York
:
Palgrave Macmillan
,
2016
.
Cushman
,
Thomas
.
Notes from Underground: Rock Music Counterculture in Russia
.
Albany
:
State University of New York Press
,
1995
.
Daley
,
David
. “
Neutral Milk Hotel: Mangum, Lo-Fi
.”
Alternative Press
(
zine
:
Cleveland, OH
), no.
97
,
August
1996
.
Darnielle
,
John
. Liner notes for All Hail West Texas, by the
Mountain
Goats
(CD). Emperor Jones EJ41CD,
2002
.
Darnielle
,
John
. Liner notes for The Hound Chronicles/Hot Garden Stomp, by the Mountain Goats (cassette). Shrimper SHR163, 2012.
Davila
,
Richard C.
No hay Sólo un Idioma, No hay Sólo una Voz: A Revisionist History of Chicana/os and Latina/os in Punk
.” PhD diss.,
University of Western Ontario
,
2016
.
Dawson
,
Imani
. “
For Promotional Use Only
.”
Vibe
,
August
2004
.
d'Beers
,
John
. “
Industrial Strength
.”
Alternative Press
(
zine
:
Cleveland, OH
), no.
6
,
November/December
1985
.
Denisoff
,
R. Serge
.
Tarnished Gold: The Record Industry Revisited
.
New Brunswick, NJ
:
Transaction
,
1986
.
DeRogatis
,
Jim
.
Staring at Sound: The True Story of Oklahoma's Fabulous Flaming Lips
.
New York
:
Random House
,
2006
.
Devine
,
Kyle
.
Decomposed: The Political Ecology of Music
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
,
2019
.
Dezember
,
Ryan
, and
Anne
Steele
. “
Global Shortage of Magnetic Tape Has Cassette Lovers Reeling
.”
Wall Street Journal
,
November
4
,
2017
.
Dillingham
,
Mick
. “
The Brotherhood of Lizards
.”
Bucketfull of Brains
(
zine
:
London
), no.
35
,
October/November
1990
.
DioGuardi
,
Kara
.
A Helluva High Note: Surviving Life, Love, and American Idol
.
New York
:
HarperCollins
,
2011
.
DJ Semtex
.
Hip Hop Raised Me
.
New York
:
Thames and Hudson
,
2016
.
Dolan
,
Emily
. “
‘… This Little Ukulele Tells the Truth’: Indie Pop and Kitsch Authenticity
.”
Popular Music
29
, no.
3
(
2010
):
457
69
.
Dorman
,
Bob
. “
Compact Cassette Supremo Lou Ottens Talks to El Reg
.”
The Register
,
September
2
,
2013
. https://www.theregister.com/2013/09/02/compact_cassette_supremo_lou_ottens_talks_to_el_reg/?page=2.
Dredge
,
Stuart
. “
Spotify Bites Back at Apple Music with Weekly ‘Mixtape’ Playlist for Each User
.”
Guardian
,
July
20
,
2015
.
Drew
,
Rob
. “
Graffiti as Public and Private Art
.” In
On the Margins of Art Worlds
, edited by
Larry
Gross
,
231
48
.
Boulder, CO
:
Westview
,
1995
.
Drew
,
Rob
. “
The Cassette in 1980s Indie Music Scenes
.”
Rock Music Studies
6
, no.
2
(
2019
):
138
52
.
Drew
,
Rob
.
Karaoke Nights: An Ethnographic Rhapsody
.
Walnut Creek, CA
:
AltaMira
,
2001
.
Drew
,
Rob
. “
Mixed Blessings: The Commercial Mix and the Future of Music Aggregation
.”
Popular Music and Society
28
, no.
4
(
2005
):
533
51
.
Drew
,
Rob
. “
New Technologies and the Business of Music: Lessons from the 1980s Home Taping Hearings
.”
Popular Music and Society
37
, no.
3
(
2014
):
253
72
.
Drew
,
Rob
. “
The Space Between: Mix Taping as a Ritual of Distance
.”
Popular Communication
14
, no.
3
(
2016
):
146
55
.
du Gay
,
Paul
, and
Keith
Negus
. “
The Changing Sites of Sound: Music Retailing and the Composition of Consumers
.”
Media, Culture and Society
16
, no.
3
(
1994
):
395
413
.
Duran
,
Lucy
. “
Key to N'Dour: Roots of the Senegalese Star
.”
Popular Music
8
, no.
3
(
1989
):
275
84
.
Dymond
,
Kevyn
. “
A Perspective of the Independent Cassette Underground
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
80
86
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Eakin
,
Emily
, and
Felicia R.
Lee
. “
Omnipresent Overachievers … and Those Underachievers
.”
New York Times
,
December
7
,
2003
.
Eley
,
Craig
. “
Technostalgia and the Resurgence of Cassette Culture
.” In
The Politics of Post 9/11 Music
, edited by
Joseph P.
Fisher
and
Brian
Flota
,
43
55
.
Burlington, VT
:
Ashgate
,
2011
.
Eliscu
,
Jenny
. “
Rap's Mix Masters
.”
Rolling Stone
,
July
24
,
2003
.
Enis
,
Eli
. “
Cassette Me, Please: The Future of Vinyl and How Cassettes May Offer the Answer
.”
Uproxx
,
February
28
,
2018
. https://uproxx.com/music/cassette-sales-vinyl-indie-labels-streaming/.
Erdelyi
,
Michael
. “
The Relation between ‘Radio Plugs’ and Sheet Sales of Popular Music
.”
Journal of Applied Psychology
24
, no.
6
(
1940
):
696
702
.
Ewoodzie
,
Joseph C.
Jr.
Break Beats in the Bronx: Rediscovering Hip Hop's Early Years
.
Chapel Hill
:
University of North Carolina Press
,
2017
.
Famous Air King's Wire Recorder Console
” (advertisement).
New York Times
,
November
20
,
1947
.
Fantel
,
Hans
. “
Cassettes—Check before Using
.”
New York Times
,
October
5
,
1969
.
Fantel
,
Hans
. “
An Era Ends as Cassettes Surpass Disks in Popularity
.”
New York Times
,
November
21
,
1982
.
Favia-Artsay
,
Aida
. “
Dub Club
.”
Hobbies
,
April
1953
.
The 50 Best Rap Mixtapes of the Millennium
.”
Pitchfork
,
June
29
,
2016
. https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/9908-the-50-best-rap-mixtapes-of-the-millennium/.
Flick
,
Larry
. “
Dance Industry Applauds Raids on Bootleggers
.”
Billboard
,
December
13
,
1997
.
Fox
,
Barry
. “
Can Record Firms Stop the Tape Pirates?
New Scientist
,
August
21
,
1980
.
Fox
,
Emily
. “
Preventing Sexual Abuse after the Fall of Burger Records
.”
Sound and Vision
(podcast: KEXP),
September
17
,
2020
, 36:09. https://www.kexp.org/podcasts/sound-vision/2020/9/17/preventing-sexual-abuse-after-fall-burger-records/.
Fox
,
Mark A.
Market Power in Music Retailing: The Case of Wal-Mart
.”
Popular Music and Society
28
, no.
4
(
2005
):
501
19
.
Frank
,
Alex
. “
Interview: Kathleen Hanna on the Raincoats and Building an Archive
.”
The Fader
, November 17, 2010. https://www.thefader.com/2010/11/17/interview-kathleen-hanna-on-the-raincoats-and-building-an-archive.
Freidenrich
,
Emily
.
Almost Lost Arts: Traditional Crafts and the Artisans Keeping Them Alive
.
San Francisco
:
Chronicle
,
2019
.
‘Fresh Sounds’ Album Features 16 Local, Regional Bands
.”
Lawrence Journal-World
(Lawrence, KS), March 9, 1986.
Friedman
,
Andrew
. “
The Cassette Revival Needs Blank Tapes
.”
Fact Magazine
,
February
7
,
2017
. https://www.factmag.com/2017/02/07/blank-tapes-collectors-cassette-revival/.
Friedman
,
Skinny
. “
The Real Difference between a Mixtape and an Album
.”
Vice
,
December
10
,
2013
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/rmx446/the-real-difference-between-a-mixtape-and-an-album.
Frith
,
Simon
. “
Art vs. Technology: The Strange Case of Popular Music
.”
Media, Culture, and Society
8
, no.
3
(
1986
):
263
79
.
Frith
,
Simon
. “
The Industrialization of Music
.” In
Popular Music and Communication
, edited by
James
Lull
,
52
77
.
Newbury Park, CA
:
Sage
,
1987
.
Frith
,
Simon
. “
‘The Magic That Can Set You Free’: The Ideology of Folk and the Myth of the Rock Community
.”
Popular Music
1
(
1981
):
159
68
.
Frith
,
Simon
.
Performing Rites: On the Value of Popular Music
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
,
1996
.
Frith
,
Simon
.
Sound Effects: Youth, Leisure, and the Politics of Rock 'n’ Roll
.
New York
:
Pantheon
,
1981
.
Frith
,
Simon
. “
Towards an Aesthetic of Popular Music
.” In
Music and Society: The Politics of Composition, Performance, and Reception
, edited by
Richard
Leppert
and
Susan
McClary
,
133
49
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
,
1987
.
Froley
,
Diana
. “
Linda Smith: Home Taper
.” In
Tape Op: The Book about Creative Music Recording
, edited by
Larry
Crane
,
20
23
.
Venice, CA
:
Feral House
,
2000
.
From the Lap of Cougar and thru the Tunnel Eternal: MX-80 Sound
.”
Forced Exposure
(
zine
:
Waltham, MA
), no.
17
,
1991
.
Gallagher
,
David F.
For the Mix Tape, a Digital Upgrade and Notoriety
.”
New York Times
,
January
30
,
2003
.
Gamble
,
J. R.
The Legendary DJ Kid Capri
.”
The Shadow League
,
June
15
,
2017
. https://theshadowleague.com/black-music-month-the-legendary-kiiiiiiiiiiiid-capri/.
Gelt
,
Jessica
. “
The Women Who Brought Down Burger Records
.”
Los Angeles Times
,
January
24
,
2021
.
Geoghegan
,
Tom
. “
10 Uses for Audio Cassettes.” BBC
News Magazine
,
May
9
,
2007
. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6634727.stm.
George
,
Nelson
. “
Hip Hop's Founding Fathers Speak the Truth
.” In
That's the Joint: The Hip Hop Studies Reader
, edited by
Murray
Forman
and
Mark Anthony
Neal
,
45
55
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2004
.
George
,
Nelson
.
Post-Soul Nation
.
New York
:
Viking
,
2004
.
Geraci
,
Philip C.
The Home Recordist … Hobbyist or Hoodlum?
Stereophile
,
July–October
1963
.
Geraci
,
Philip C.
Letter
.”
High Fidelity
,
April
1955
.
Geraci
,
Philip C.
Problems Raised by Technological Advances on Copyright in Musical Compositions
.”
Master's thesis, University of Maryland
,
1961
.
Gerrity
,
Megan
.
Scribble Faster
(
zine
:
Brooklyn
), no.
2
,
2005
.
Gibner
,
Jason
. “
What Fred Said
.”
Ann Arbor Paper
,
September
2005
.
Gitelman
,
Lisa
.
Always Already New: Media, History, and the Data of Culture
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
,
2006
.
Goldman
,
Vivien
.
Revenge of the She-Punks: A Feminist Music History from Poly Styrene to Pussy Riot
.
Austin
:
University of Texas Press
,
2019
.
Gooch
,
Beverly R.
Building on the Magnetophon
.” In
Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years
, edited by
Eric D.
Daniel
,
C. Denis
Mee
, and
Mark H.
Clark
,
72
90
.
New York
:
IEEE
,
1999
.
Grajeda
,
Tony
. “
The ‘Feminization’ of Rock
.” In
Rock Over the Edge
, edited by
Roger
Beebe
,
Denise
Fulbrook
, and
Ben
Saunders
,
233
54
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2002
.
Grajeda
,
Tony
. “
The Sound of Disaffection
.” In
Hop on Pop: The Politics and Pleasures of Popular Culture
, edited by
Henry
Jenkins
,
Tara
McPherson
, and
Jane
Shattuc
,
357
75
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2002
.
Grandmaster Flash with David Ritz
.
The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash: My Life, My Beats
.
New York
:
Broadway
,
2008
.
Grant
,
Jeffery
. “
Sounds That Keep Your Trip Alive
.”
Magnetic Film and Tape Recording
,
July/August
1955
.
Grant
,
Jeffery
. “
Your Tape Recorder
.”
Magnetic Film and Tape Recording
,
May/June
1954
.
Grant
,
Kieran
. “
Sing a Subtle Hint
.”
Toronto Sun
,
June
2
,
1998
.
Greene
,
Shane
.
Punk and Revolution: Seven More Interpretations of Peruvian Reality
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2016
.
Greer
,
Germaine
. “
Why Don't Women Buy CDs?
BBC Music Magazine
,
September
1994
.
Grierson
,
Tim
.
Public Enemy: Inside the Terrordome
.
London
:
Omnibus
,
2015
.
Griffith
,
Erin
. “
From Crypto Art to Trading Cards, Investment Manias Abound
.”
New York Times
,
March
13
,
2021
.
Gronow
,
Pekka
. “
The Record Industry: The Growth of a Mass Medium
.”
Popular Music
3
(
1983
):
53
75
.
Grossman
,
David
. “
We're Facing a Worldwide Cassette Shortage, So Hug Your Nearest Hipster
.”
Popular Mechanics
,
October
11
,
2019
. https://www.popularmechanics.com/culture/music/a29440090/cassette-shortage/.
Hafitz
,
Michael
. “
Tape Reporter
.”
Boston Rock
,
May
14
,
1981
.
Haight
,
Kathy
. “
N.C. Bands Give Europe Something to Rock About
.”
North Carolina Observer
,
April
20
,
1986
.
Haley
,
Mike
. “
Tape Label or Weed Strain?
Tabs Out Cassette Podcast
,
April
20
,
2018
. https://www.tabsout.com/?p=18581.
Halloran
,
Tricia
, and
Orion
Walker
. Liner notes for Dean Quixote, by various artists (CD). SpinART Records, spart 99, 2001.
Harkey
,
Sue Ann
. “
Collaboration Tapes
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
68
69
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Harper
,
Adam
. “
Lo-Fi Aesthetics in Popular Music Discourse
.
” DPhil thesis in musicology, University of Oxford
,
2014
.
Harris
,
Keith
. “
‘Roots’?: The Relationship between the Global and the Local within the Extreme Metal Scene
.”
Popular Music
19
, no.
1
(
2000
):
13
30
.
Hart
,
Bret
. “
Letters
.”
Option
,
January
1989
.
Hersh
,
Kristin
.
Rat Girl: A Memoir
.
New York
:
Penguin
,
2010
.
Hesmondhalgh
,
David
. “
Indie: The Institutional Politics and Aesthetics of a Popular Music Genre
.”
Cultural Studies
13
, no.
1
(
1999
):
34
61
.
Hesmondhalgh
,
David
. “
Towards a Critical Understanding of Music, Emotion, and Self Identity
.”
Consumption, Markets, and Culture
11
, no.
4
(
2008
):
329
43
.
Hesmondhalgh
,
David
, and
Sarah
Baker
.
Creative Labour: Media Work in Three Cultural Industries
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2011
.
Hewitt
,
Paolo
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
October
9
,
1982
.
Heylin
,
Clinton
.
Bootleg: The Secret History of the Other Recording Industry
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
1994
.
Hirsch
,
Paul
. “
Processing Fads and Fashions
.”
American Journal of Sociology
77
, no.
4
(
1972
):
639
59
.
Hirschkind
,
Charles
.
The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
,
2006
.
Hix
,
Lisa
. “
Cassette Revolution
.”
Collector's Weekly
,
June
2
,
2015
. https://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/cassette-revolution/.
Hochman
,
Steve
. “
Cassette Prices Rise, Close the Gap on Compact Discs
.”
Los Angeles Times
,
June
23
,
1990
.
Hogan
,
Marc
. “
This Is Not a Mixtape
.”
Pitchfork
,
February
22
,
2010
. http://pitchfork.com/features/article/7764-this-is-not-a-mixtape/.
Hogan
,
Marc
, “
Why Are Independent Artists and Labels Turning Away From Vinyl?
Pitchfork
,
July
13
,
2021
. https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/why-are-independent-artists-and-labels-turning-away-from-vinyl/.
Holland
,
Bill
. “
Audio Home Recording Act Passes
.”
Billboard
,
October
17
,
1992
.
Holland
,
Bill
. “
Eye on Home Taping: Congress Opens Consumer Survey
.”
Billboard
,
March
19
,
1988
.
Holland
,
Bill
. “
Government Study Confirms Losses to Home Taping
.”
Billboard
,
May
6
,
1989
.
Holland
,
Bill
. “
U.S. Taping Study Upsets Industry
.”
Billboard
,
November
11
,
1989
.
Holland
,
Bill
, and
Susan
Nunziata
, “
Duping Royalty Pact Signals New Era
.”
Billboard
,
July
20
,
1991
.
Holsapple
,
Peter
. “
The dB's: What Happened?
” In
Rolling Stone's Alt-Rock-a-Rama
, edited by
Scott
Schinder
,
93
98
.
New York
:
Delta
,
1996
.
Home Recording Rights Coalition
. “
America's Right to Tape
” (advertisement). Reproduced in
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
11
.
Brooklyn
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Home Tape Recorders Worry Broadcasters
.”
Washington Daily News
,
February
21
,
1956
.
Hopper
,
Jessica
. “
Whitney Johnson on Sociology and Ghosts
.”
Chicago Tribune
,
August
28
,
2014
.
Hornby
,
Nick
.
High Fidelity
.
New York
:
Riverhead
,
1995
.
Horning
,
Susan Schmidt
.
Chasing Sound: Technology, Culture, and the Art of Studio Recording from Edison to the LP
.
Baltimore, MD
:
Johns Hopkins University Press
,
2013
.
Horovitz
,
Adam
. “
Well, Back in My Day …
”. In
Beastie Boys Book
, by
Michael
Diamond
and
Adam
Horovitz
,
39
46
.
New York
:
Spiegel and Grau
,
2018
.
Horton
,
Donald
. “
The Dialogue of Courtship in Popular Songs
.”
American Journal of Sociology
62
, no.
6
(
1957
):
569
78
.
Hsu
,
Hua
. “
Thanks for the Memorex
.”
Artforum
,
February
2011
.
Huhn
,
Mary
. “
Boo Fucking Hoo
.” In
Cassettes from My Ex: Stories and Soundtracks of Lost Loves
, edited by
Jason
Bitner
,
106
10
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
2009
.
Huhtamo
,
Erkki
. “
Dismantling the Fairy Engine: Media Archaeology as Topos Study
.” In
Media Archaeology: Approaches, Applications, and Implications
, edited by
Erkki
Huhtamo
and
Jussi
Parikka
,
27
47
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
2011
.
Humphries
,
Patrick
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
June
19
,
1982
.
Hunt
,
Michael
. “
Why the Cassette Tape Is Still Not Dead
.”
Rolling Stone
,
April
18
,
2016
. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/why-the-cassette-tape-is-still-not-dead-48276/.
Hurwitz
,
Jack
. “
Letters
,”
Option
,
July
1989
.
Hust
,
Lloyd B.
A Combination Phonograph-Tape Recorder
.”
Radio and Television News
,
November
1951
.
Hyde
,
Lewis
.
The Gift: Imagination and the Erotic Life of Property
.
New York
:
Random House
,
1983
.
Impey
,
Angela
. “
Keeping in Touch via Cassette: Tracing Dinka Songs from Cattle Camp to Transnational Audio-Letter
.”
Journal of African Cultural Studies
25
, no.
2
(
2013
):
197
210
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), F, Summer
1981
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), H, Winter
1981
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), M,
September/October
1982
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia: WA
), N,
November/December
1982
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), Q,
May/June
1983
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), R,
July/August
1983
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), V,
March/April
1984
.
Ingram
,
Matthew
. “
Here Comes the Flood: The Lo-Fi Vision of R. Stevie Moore
.”
Wired
,
June
2012
.
Irwin
,
Colin
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
April
17
,
1982
.
Jakobovits
,
Leon
. “
Studies of Fads: I. The ‘Hit Parade.’
Psychological Reports
18
, no.
2
(
1966
):
443
50
.
James
,
Robin
, ed.
Cassette Mythos
.
Brooklyn
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
James
,
Zachary
. “
Sean Bohrman of Burger Records: The TVD Interview
.” The Vinyl District,
March
12
,
2012
. https://www.thevinyldistrict.com/losangeles/2012/03/seanbohrman/.
Jansen
,
Bas
. “
Where Credit Is Due: Cultural Practices of Recorded Music
.
” PhD thesis, Amsterdam School for Cultural Analysis, University of Amsterdam
,
2011
.
Jarnow
,
Jesse
.
Big Day Coming: Yo La Tengo and the Rise of Indie Rock
.
New York
:
Gotham
,
2012
.
Jensen
,
Ron
. “
Local Music Critic Promotes ‘Fresh Sounds’ of Midwest
.”
Lawrence Journal World
(
Lawrence
,
KS
),
January
7
,
1982
.
Johns
,
Adrian
.
Piracy: The Intellectual Property Wars from Gutenberg to Gates
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
2010
.
Johnson
,
Calvin
. “
Love Songs for Lamps
.”
The Believer
, no.
91
,
July/August
2012
.
Johnson
,
Calvin
. “
You're in Charge
.” In
Sub Pop USA: The Subterranean Pop Music Anthology, 1980–1988
, edited by
Bruce
Pavitt
,
135
36
.
Brooklyn
:
Bazillion Points
,
2014
.
Johnston
,
Daniel
. “
Living Life
.” Track 11 on Welcome to My World: The Music of Daniel Johnston (CD). Eternal Yip Eye Music EYE110, 2006.
Jones
,
Allan
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
November
13
,
1982
.
Jones
,
Steve
. “
The Cassette Underground
.”
Popular Music and Society
14
, no.
1
(
1990
):
75
84
.
Jones
,
Steve
.
Rock Formation: Music, Technology, and Mass Communication
.
Newbury Park, CA
:
Sage
,
1992
.
Joseph
,
Lee
. Liner notes for Valley Fever, by various artists (cassette). Iconoclast International, 1982.
Jovanovic
,
Rob
.
Big Star: The Story of Rock's Forgotten Band
.
New York
:
Fourth Estate
,
2005
.
Juno
,
Andrea
.
Angry Women in Rock
.
New York
:
Juno
,
1996
.
Just Be Thankful You Didn't Have to Mail 30,000 of Them Out
.”
New Musical Express
,
April
11
,
1981
.
Kajikawa
,
Loren
.
Sounding Race in Rap Songs
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
2015
.
Kamp
,
David
, and
Steven
Daly
.
The Rock Snob's Dictionary: An Essential Lexicon of Rockological Knowledge
.
London
:
Sanctuary
,
2005
.
Katz
,
Mark
.
Groove Music: The Art and Culture of the Hip-Hop DJ
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2012
.
Katz
,
Michael L.
, and
Carl
Shapiro
. “
Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalities
.”
Journal of Political Economy
94
, no.
4
(
1986
):
822
41
.
Keightley
,
Keir
. “
‘Turn It Down!’ She Shrieked: Gender, Domestic Space, and High Fidelity, 1948–59
.”
Popular Music
15
, no.
2
(
1996
):
149
77
.
Kernfeld
,
Barry
.
Pop Song Piracy: Disobedient Music Distribution since 1929
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
2011
.
Kirkeby
,
Marc
. “
The Pleasures of Home Taping
.”
Rolling Stone
,
October
2
,
1980
.
Kiviat
,
Steve
. “
Linda Smith
.”
Option
,
November
1990
.
Klaess
,
John
.
Breaks in the Air: The Birth of Rap Radio in New York City
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2022
.
Klein
,
Bethany
. “
Dancing about Architecture: Popular Music Criticism and the Negotiation of Authority
.”
Popular Communication
3
, no.
1
(
2005
):
1
20
.
Klein
,
Bethany
.
Selling Out: Culture, Commerce and Popular Music
.
New York
:
Bloomsbury
,
2020
.
Klein
,
Bethany
, and
Leslie
Meier
. “
In Sync? Music Supervisors, Music Placement Practices, and Industrial Change
.” In
The Routledge Companion to Screen Music and Sound
, edited by
Miguel
Mera
,
Ronald
Sadoff
, and
Ben
Winters
,
281
90
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2017
.
Knopper
,
Steve
.
Appetite for Self-Destruction: The Spectacular Crash of the Record Industry in the Digital Age
.
New York
:
Free Press
,
2009
.
Kondo
,
Toshitaka
. “
Supply and Demand
.”
Vibe
, August
2004
.
Kot
,
Greg
.
Ripped: How the Wired Generation Revolutionized Music
.
New York
:
Scribner
,
2009
.
Krentz
,
Katie
. “
Barely a Mixtape
.” In
Cassettes from My Ex: Stories and Soundtracks of Lost Loves
, edited by
Jason
Bitner
,
184
86
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
2009
.
Kruse
,
Holly
.
Site and Sound: Understanding Independent Music Scenes
.
New York
:
Peter Lang
,
2003
.
K-tel
,
Michele
. “
Interview with Kathy McCarty
.”
Cool Beans!
(
zine
:
San Francisco
), no.
5
,
1995
.
Lanegan
,
Mark
.
Sing Backwards and Weep
.
New York
:
Hachette
,
2021
.
Last
,
Bob
. “
Why I Won't Be Joining the BPI
.”
New Musical Express
,
November
8
,
1980
.
Laurel
,
Charles
. “
Letters
.”
Option
,
May
1989
.
Lavin
,
Will
. “
Cassette Tape Production Delayed Due to Global Shortage of Materials
.”
New Musical Express
,
October
12
,
2019
. https://www.nme.com/news/music/cassette-tape-production-delayed-due-global-shortage-materials-2556568.
Lawrence
,
Tim
.
Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor, 1980–1983
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2016
.
Ledsom
,
Alex
. “
The Walkman and Cassette Tapes Are Making a Comeback
.”
Forbes
,
January
19
,
2020
. https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexledsom/2020/01/19/the-walkman-and-cassette-tapes-are-making-a-comeback/?sh=731fccf950ad.
Leland
,
Blake
. “
Voodoo Economics: Sticking Pins in Eros
.”
Diacritics
18
, no.
2
(
1988
):
38
46
.
Letters
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), V,
March/April
1984
.
Lewis
,
Dash
. “
Grouper: Shade
.”
Resident Advisor
,
October
26
,
2021
. https://ra.co/reviews/34390.
Liberty Music Shops
. “
Carry-Corder 510
” (advertisement).
New York Times
,
November
1
,
1964
.
Lips
,
Brad
. “
We'll Take the Lo Road
.”
Option
,
November–December
1994
.
Lowe
,
Jeanne R.
Tape Recorder Spurs New Interests for Audio-Minded Home Owners
.”
Musical America
,
March
1955
.
MacKinnon
,
Don
. “
Mixtapes: The Future of Curation?
” Medium,
February
12
,
2015
. https://medium.com/cuepoint/consider-the-mix-tape-9f37839c1246.
Madianou
,
Mirca
, and
Daniel
Miller
. “
Crafting Love: Letters and Cassette Tapes in Transnational Filipino Family Communication
.”
South East Asia Research
19
, no.
2
(
2011
):
249
72
.
Magnetic Tape Newsletter, no. 10 (April 29, 1955). From 3M Company: An Inventory of Its Corporate Records, location 132.G.13.2F, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
Makagon
,
Daniel
, and
Mark
Neumann
.
Recording Culture: Audio Documentary and the Ethnographic Experience
.
Thousand Oaks, CA
:
Sage
,
2009
.
Malsky
,
Matthew
. “
Stretched from Manhattan's Back Alley to MOMA: A Social History of Magnetic Tape and Recording
.” In
Music and Technoculture
, edited by
Rene T. A.
Lysloff
and
Leslie C. Gay
Jr
.,
233
63
.
Middletown, CT
:
Wesleyan University Press
,
2003
.
Mangum
,
Jeff
. Liner notes for
Hype-City Soundtrack
, by Neutral Milk Hotel (cassette).
Elephant Six Recording Co.
,
1993
.
Manuel
,
Peter
.
Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
1993
.
Marcus
,
Sara
.
Girls to the Front: The True Story of the Riot Grrrl Revolution
.
New York
:
HarperCollins
,
2010
.
Margasak
,
Peter
. “
The Short Stories of Refrigerator, or, ‘Mommy, What's a Shrimper?’
Butt Rag
(
zine
:
Chicago
), no.
8
,
May
1993
.
Margulis
,
Elizabeth Hellmuth
.
On Repeat: How Music Plays the Mind
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2013
.
Marshall
,
Lee
. “
The Effects of Piracy upon the Music Industry: A Case Study of Bootlegging
.”
Media, Culture, and Society
26
, no.
2
(
2004
):
163
81
.
Marshall
,
Lee
. “
For and Against the Record Industry: An Introduction to Bootleg Collectors and Tape Traders
.”
Popular Music
22
, no.
1
(
2002
):
57
72
.
Marshall
,
Scott
. “
Long Live the Humble Audio Cassette: A Eulogy
.” In
Sounding Off! Music as Subversion/Resistance/Revolution
, edited by
Ron
Sakolsky
and
Fred Wei-Han
Ho
,
211
14
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1995
.
Massinon
,
Pascal
. “
Active Listening: The Cultural Politics of Magnetic Recording Technologies in North America
,
1945–1993
.” PhD diss.,
University of Michigan
,
2016
.
Mattson
,
Kevin
.
We're Not Here to Entertain: Punk Rock, Ronald Reagan, and the Real Culture War of 1980s America
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2020
.
Mayhugh
,
Tom
. “
The Death of Magnetic Tape
.”
Evil Minded
(
zine
:
Lexington, KY
), no.
6
,
2011
.
McConnell
,
Kathleen
. “
The Handmade Tale: Cassette Tapes, Authorship, and the Privatization of the Pacific Northwest Independent Music Scene
.” In
The Resisting Muse: Popular Music and Social Protest
, edited by
Ian
Peddie
,
163
76
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2006
.
McCourt
,
Tom
, and
Nabeel
Zuberi
. “
Music and Discovery
.”
Popular Communication
14
, no.
3
(
2016
):
123
26
.
McGee
,
Hal
. “
Foreword
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
, vii.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
McGee
,
Hal
. “
Letters
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
1
,
January/February
1985
.
McIntyre
,
Hugh
. “
Cassette Sales Grew by 74% In 2016
.”
Forbes
,
January
25
,
2017
. https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2017/01/25/cassette-sales-grew-by-74-in-2016/?sh=e8082dc1fd0d.
McIver
,
Joel
.
Justice for All: The Truth about Metallica
.
London
:
Omnibus
,
2004
.
McLeod
,
Kembrew
.
Freedom of Expression®: Overzealous Copyright Bozos and Other Enemies of Creativity
.
New York
:
Doubleday
,
2005
.
McLeod
,
Kembrew
, and
Peter
DiCola
.
Creative License: The Law and Culture of Digital Sampling
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2011
.
McManus
,
Terry
. “
Singles Are Key to the Record-Buying Habit
.”
Billboard
,
December
27
,
1997
.
McMurray
,
Jacob
.
Taking Punk to the Masses: From Nowhere to Nevermind
.
Seattle, WA
:
Fantagraphics
,
2011
.
McMurray
,
Peter
. “
Once Upon a Time: A Superficial History of Early Tape
.”
Twentieth-Century Music
14
, no.
1
(
2017
):
25
48
.
McNaughton
,
Allan
. “
Future Sound of the Seventies Past
.”
Maximumrocknroll
,
November
2010
.
Mehr
,
Bob
.
Trouble Boys: The True Story of the Replacements
.
Boston
:
Da Capo
,
2016
.
Meloy
,
Colin
.
Let It Be
.
New York
:
Continuum
,
2004
.
Meno
,
Joe
.
Hairstyles of the Damned
.
Chicago
:
Punk Planet
,
2004
.
Meyer
,
Bill
. “
Goat Ease
.”
Puncture
(
zine
:
Portland, OR
), no.
31
, Fall
1994
.
Michel
,
A. J.
Tape Heads, or, Why Mix CDs Are No Fun
.”
Low Hug
(
zine
:
Philadelphia
), nos.
5–6
,
2001
.
Milano
,
Brett
.
The Sound of Our Town: A History of Boston Rock and Roll
.
Beverly, MA
:
Commonwealth Editions
,
2007
.
Millard
,
Andre
.
America on Record: A History of Recorded Sound
. 2nd ed.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
,
2005
.
Millard
,
Andre
. “
Tape Recording and Music Making
.” In
Music and Technology in the Twentieth Century
, edited by
Hans-Joachim
Braun
,
158
67
.
Baltimore, MD
:
Johns Hopkins University Press
,
2002
.
Milo
,
Jeff
. “
Label Profiling: Burger Records
.”
Tiny Mix Tapes
,
August
17
,
2010
. https://www.tinymixtapes.com/features/label-profiling-burger-records.
Moore
,
R. Stevie
. “
Frank Jones Interview
.” Track 4 on Stevie Moore Returns (cassette). NT15. R. Stevie Moore Cassette Club 1982.
Moore
,
Sam
. “
Who the Hell Is Buying Cassettes in 2020?
New Musical Express
,
July
21
,
2020
. https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/cassettes-resurgence-103-percent-increase-2711548.
Moore
,
Thurston
. “
Love (and Ego)
.” In
Mix Tape: The Art of Cassette Culture
, edited by
Thurston
Moore
, 43.
New York
:
Universe
,
2005
.
Moore
,
Thurston
, ed.
Mix Tape: The Art of Cassette Culture
.
New York
:
Universe
,
2005
.
Morgan
,
Benjamin
. “
Revenue, Access, and Engagement via the In-House Curated Spotify Playlist in Australia
.”
Popular Communication
18
, no.
1
(
2020
):
32
47
.
Morris
,
Jeremy Wade
. “
Music Platforms and the Optimization of Culture
.”
Social Media + Society
6
, no.
3
(
2020
):
1
10
.
Morris
,
Jeremy Wade
.
Selling Digital Music, Formatting Culture
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
2015
.
Morse
,
Erik
.
Spacemen 3 and the Birth of Spiritualized
.
London
:
Omnibus
,
2004
.
Morton
,
David
.
Off the Record: The Technology and Culture of Sound Recording in America
.
New Brunswick, NJ
:
Rutgers University Press
,
2000
.
Morton
,
David L.
‘The Rusty Ribbon’: John Herbert Orr and the Making of the Magnetic Recording Industry, 1945–1960
.”
Business History Review
67
, no.
4
(
1993
):
589
622
.
Morton
,
David L.
Jr.
Sound Recording: The Life Story of a Technology
.
Westport, CT
:
Greenwood
,
2004
.
Mullin
,
John T.
Creating the Craft of Tape Recording
.”
High Fidelity
,
April
1976
.
Murch
,
Walter
. “
Foreword
.” In
Audio-Vision: Sound on Screen
, by
Michel
Chion
,
vii
xxiv
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
,
1994
.
Murray
,
Charles Shaar
. “
The Clash: Up the Hill Backwards
.”
New Musical Express
,
May
29
,
1982
.
Music Maker for the Masses
.”
Business Week
,
February
24
,
1968
.
Nathan
,
John
.
Sony: A Private Life
.
Boston
:
Houghton Mifflin
,
1999
.
Needs
,
Kris
. “
Don't Touch That Dial!
Mojo
,
November
2008
.
Nelson
,
Havelock
. “
Ron G's Large Sphere of Influence
.”
Billboard
,
August
14
,
1993
.
Neumann
,
Mark
, and
Tim
Simpson
. “
Smuggled Sound: Bootleg Recording and the Pursuit of Popular Memory
.”
Symbolic Interaction
20
, no.
4
(
1997
):
319
41
.
Newman
,
Andrew Adam
. “
Say So Long to an Old Companion: Cassette Tapes
.”
New York Times
,
July
28
,
2008
.
Nichol
,
Lucy
.
The Twenty Seven Club: A Humorous Tale of Music Myths, Mental Health, and Friendship
.
N.p.
:
Lark
,
2021
.
Norelco (advertisement). Billboard, April 8, 1967.
Novak
,
David
.
Japanoise: Music at the Edge of Circulation
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2013
.
Noz.
A (Not at All Definitive) History of Hip Hop Mixtapes
.” Red Bull Music Academy,
June
12
,
2013
. https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2013/06/history-of-mixtapes-feature.
O'Brien
,
Geoffrey
.
Sonata for Jukebox
.
New York
:
Counterpoint
,
2004
.
O'Brien
,
Robert
. “
Magnetic Tape Reels Off Changes in the Way We Live
.”
Life
,
August
19
,
1957
.
O'Connor
,
Alan
.
Punk Record Labels and the Struggle for Autonomy: The Emergence of DIY
.
Lanham, MD
:
Lexington
,
2008
.
O'Kelly
,
Terence
. “
Don't Blame Cassette Decline on CD
.”
Billboard
,
November
21
,
1992
.
Olivarez-Giles
,
Nathan
. “
Why Cassette Tapes Are Making a Comeback
.”
Wall Street Journal
,
March
9
,
2017
.
Olson
,
Mark J. V.
‘Everybody Loves Our Town’: Scenes, Spatiality, Migrancy
.” In
Mapping the Beat: Popular Music and Contemporary Theory
, edited by
Thomas
Swiss
and
John M.
Sloop
,
269
89
.
Malden, MA
:
Blackwell
,
1998
.
Olsson
,
Jesper
. “
The Audiographic Impulse: Doing Literature with the Tape Recorder
.” In
Audiobooks, Literature, and Sound Studies
, edited by
Matthew
Rubery
,
61
75
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2011
.
Oswald
,
John
. “
Cassetricity
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
1
2
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Owen
,
Charles
. “
Join a Tape Club
.”
Magnetic Film and Tape Recording
,
December
1955
.
Owen
,
Frank
. “
Street DJs Bring Live Flava Back to Hip-Hop
.”
Village Voice
,
October
25
,
1994
.
Owerko
,
Lyle
.
The Boombox Project: The Machines, the Music, and the Urban Underground
.
New York
:
Abrams Image
,
2014
.
Palmer
,
Robert
. “
The Pop Life: Records Being Produced in Array of New Formats
.”
New York Times
,
November
24
,
1982
.
Pareles
,
Jon
. “
Issue and Debate: Royalties on Recorders and Blank Audio Tapes
.”
New York Times
, November 21,
1985
.
Pareles
,
Jon
. “
Low-Fi Rockers
.”
New York Times
,
April
11
,
1993
.
Pareles
,
Jon
. “
Record-It-Yourself Music on Cassette
.”
New York Times
,
May
11
,
1987
.
Pavitt
,
Bruce
. Liner notes for Sub Pop 5, by various artists (cassette). Sub Pop, 1981.
Pavitt
,
Bruce
. “
New Pop Manifesto
.”
Sub Pop
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), no.
1
,
May
1980
.
Pavitt
,
Bruce
.
Sub Pop
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), no.
4
,
June
1981
.
Pavitt
,
Bruce
. “
Welcome to Sub Pop Country
.” In
Sub Pop USA: The Subterranean Pop Music Anthology, 1980–1988
, edited by
Bruce
Pavitt
,
7
8
.
Brooklyn
:
Bazillion Points
,
2014
.
Pease
,
Adam
, and Ryan
Short
,
dirs.
I'm Now: The Story of Mudhoney
.
Seattle
:
King of Hearts Productions
,
2012
.
Peckham
,
Anson
. “
Tape Recorders for Use in the Home
.”
New York Times
,
March
21
,
1954
.
Peisch
,
Jeffrey
. “
Cassettes Now Outselling LPs
.”
Rolling Stone
,
November
24
,
1983
.
Pelly
,
Jenn
.
The Raincoats
.
New York
:
Bloomsbury Academic
,
2020
.
Pelly
,
Jenn
, and
Liz
Pelly
. “
Secret Music
.”
Pitchfork
,
September
7
,
2013
. https://pitchfork.com/features/article/9213-cassette-labels/.
The People Setting Up a Cassette Label
.”
BBC News
,
May
3
,
2018
. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-oxfordshire-43961079.
Peraino
,
Judith
. “
I'll Be Your Mixtape: Lou Reed, Andy Warhol, and the Queer Intimacies of Cassettes
.”
Journal of Musicology
36
, no.
4
(
2019
):
401
36
.
Peters
,
John Durham
.
Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
1999
.
Piracy on Records
.”
Stanford Law Review
5
, no.
3
(
1953
):
433
58
.
Pollack
,
Neal
. “
Rock On? Yeah, in Chairs
.”
New York Times
,
September
1
,
2002
.
P-Orridge
,
Genesis
,
Peter
Christopherson
,
Cosey Fanni
Tutti
, and
Chris
Carter
. Liner notes for 24 Hours, by Throbbing Gristle (cassette). Industrial Records, 1980.
Pouncey
,
Edwin
. “
The Replacements Drink and Drive
.”
Sounds
,
November
9
,
1985
.
Powers
,
Ann
.
Good Booty: Love and Sex, Black and White, Body and Soul in American Music
.
New York
:
HarperCollins
,
2017
.
Powers
,
Ann
. “
I'll Have to Say I Love You in a Song
.” In
Stars Don't Stand Still in the Sky: Music and Myth
, edited by
Karen
Kelly
and
Evelyn
McDonnell
,
187
90
.
New York
:
New York University Press
,
1999
.
Powers
,
Ann
.
Weird Like Us: My Bohemian America
.
New York
:
Simon and Schuster
,
2000
.
Prescott
,
Dave
. “
Impacts of the Indie Glut
.”
Electronic Cottage
(
zine
:
Apollo Beach, FL
), no.
1
,
April
1989
.
Pye
,
Ian
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
May
29
,
1982
.
Ratzlaff
,
Angela
. “
Selling New Rock 'n’ Roll in an Old-School Format
.”
Orange County Register
,
May
7
,
2015
.
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
. “
2021 Year-End Music Industry Revenue Report
.”
RIAA News
,
March
9
,
2022
. https://www.riaa.com/2021-year-end-music-industry-revenue-report-riaa/.
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
. “
U.S. Sales Database
.” Accessed
July
21
,
2022
. https://www.riaa.com/u-s-sales-database/.
Reelin’ in the Years: Cassette Tapes Still Have Their Devotees
.”
Los Angeles Times
,
August
9
,
2007
.
Regev
,
Motti
, and
Edwin
Seroussi
.
Popular Music and National Culture in Israel
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
2004
.
Reice
,
Sylvia
. “
A Reel Winner
.”
American Home
,
November
1971
.
Reynolds
,
J. R.
Labels Debate Effects of Mix-Tapes, a Rap Promo Tool
.”
Billboard
,
November
5
,
1994
.
Reynolds
,
Simon
.
Blissed Out: The Raptures of Rock
.
London: Serpent's Tail
,
1990
.
Reynolds
,
Simon
.
Retromania: Pop Culture's Addiction to Its Own Past
.
New York
:
Farrar, Straus, and Giroux
,
2011
.
Reynolds
,
Simon
. “
Sex Gang Children: Malcolm McLaren, the Pied Piper of Pantomime Pop
.” In
Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk, 1978–1984
,
246
60
.
New York
:
Penguin
,
2006
.
Richards
,
Keith
.
Life
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
,
2010
.
Richburg
,
Keith
. “
Survival of Copyright Royalty Panel Threatened
.”
Washington Post
,
May
13
,
1985
.
Richman
,
Karen
, and
Terry
Rey
. “
Congregating by Cassette: Recording and Participation in Transnational Haitian Religious Rituals
.”
International Journal of Cultural Studies
12
, no.
2
(
2009
):
149
66
.
Rose
,
Tricia
.
Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America
.
Middletown, CT
:
Wesleyan University Press
,
1994
.
Rothenbuhler
,
Eric W.
Programming Decision Making in Popular Music Radio
.”
Communication Research
12
, no.
2
(
1985
):
209
32
.
Rothman
,
Lily
. “
Rewound
.”
Time
, Aug. 12,
2013
. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,2148631,00.html.
Rubin
,
Nick
. “
‘College Radio’: The Development of a Trope in U.S. Student Broadcasting
.”
Interactions: Studies in Communication and Culture
6
, no.
1
(
2015
):
47
64
.
Ruland
,
Jim
.
Do What You Want: The Story of Bad Religion
.
New York
:
Hachette
,
2020
.
Rumsey
,
Francis
, and
Tim
McCormick
.
Sound and Recording: An Introduction
.
Burlington, MA
:
Focal
,
1994
.
Rys
,
Dan
. “
Mixtapes and Money: Inside the Mainstreaming of Hip-Hop's Shadow Economy
.”
Billboard
,
January
26
,
2017
. https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/mixtapes-money-hip-hop-shadow-economy-mainstream-7669109/.
Sailingstone. Comment on Black Dresses
,
Forever in Your Heart
,
March
14
,
2022
. https://www.discogs.com/release/17980402-Black-Dresses-Forever-In-Your-Heart-.
Salkind
,
Micah
.
Do You Remember House? Chicago's Queer of Color Undergrounds
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2019
.
Samuels
,
Anita M.
New Urban Art Form, Old Copyright Problem
.”
New York Times
,
November
4
,
1996
.
Sanneh
,
Kelefa
. “
Mixtape Crackdown Sends a Mixed Message
.”
New York Times
,
June
16
,
2005
.
Sante
,
Lucy
. “
Disco Dreams
.”
New York Review of Books
,
May
13
,
2004
.
Santo
,
Jim
. “
Demorandum
,”
Alternative Press
(
zine
:
Cleveland, OH
), no.
30
,
July
1990
.
Sarser
,
David
. “
Tape, Disks, and Coexistence
.”
High Fidelity
,
March
1955
.
Savage
,
Jon
.
England's Dreaming: Anarchy, Sex Pistols, Punk Rock, and Beyond
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
1992
.
Schatz
,
Lake
, and
Wren
Graves
. “
Burger Records Employees, Artists Accused of Rampant Sexual Misconduct
.”
Consequence of Sound
,
July
20
,
2020
. https://consequence.net/2020/07/burger-record-artists-sexual-misconduct/.
Schensul
,
Jill
. “
Small Record Labels Put Chance for Fame within Artists’ Reach
.”
Arizona Daily Star
(Tucson),
August
22
,
1982
.
Schloss
,
Joseph
.
Making Beats: The Art of Sample-Based Hip-Hop
.
Middletown, CT
:
Wesleyan University Press
,
2014
.
Schoenmakers
,
Johannes J. M. Magazine Tape
Recorder/Reproducer
. US Patent 3,394,899, filed
October
28
,
1964
, issued July 30,
1968
.
Schrage
,
Michael
. “
The War against Home Taping
.”
Rolling Stone
,
September
16
,
1982
.
Schwartz
,
Tony
. “
Communicating with Tape
.”
HiFi/Stereo Review
,
March
1962
.
Scribner
,
Sara
. “
The Big Shrimp
.”
New Times LA
,
January
14
,
1999
.
Semisonic Wants Fans to Sing the Band to Sleep for New Video
.”
MTV News
,
June
29
,
1998
. https://www.mtv.com/news/ngq7kh/semisonic-wants-fans-to-sing-the-band-to-sleep-for-new-video.
Shalvoy
,
Jessica
. “
Burger Records Co-founder Steps Down after Multiple Sexual Misconduct Allegations against Label
.”
Variety
,
July
21
,
2020
. https://variety.com/2020/music/news/burger-records-lee-rickard-sexual-misconduct-1234712212/.
Shaney
,
A. C.
Elements of Single and Dual Track Magnetic Tape Recording and 1001 Applications
.
New York
:
Amplifier Corp. of America
,
1950
.
Shank
,
Barry
.
Dissonant Identities: The Rock 'n’ Roll Scene in Austin, Texas
.
Middletown, CT
:
Wesleyan University Press
,
1994
.
Sheffield
,
Rob
.
Love Is a Mix Tape: Life and Loss, One Song at a Time
.
New York
:
Crown
,
2007
.
Shepard
,
Anna
. “
Should I Chuck Away My Unwanted Audio Cassettes?
Times
(London),
November
18
,
2006
.
Shepherd
,
Julianne Escobedo
. “
Tower Records Doc Confirms There's Historical Precedent for Condescending Male Record Store Clerks
.”
Jezebel
,
May
12
,
2016
. https://jezebel.com/tower-records-doc-confirms-theres-historical-precedent-1776328380.
Sinker
,
Mark
. “
Youssou N'Dour: Voix d'Afrique
.”
New Musical Express
,
May
31
,
1986
.
Skågeby
,
Jörgen
. “
Slow and Fast Music Media: Comparing Values of Cassettes and Playlists
.”
Transformations: Journal of Media and Culture
20
(
2011
):
1
12
.
Slack
,
Jennifer Daryl
, and
J. Macgregor
Wise
.
Culture and Technology: A Primer
.
New York
:
Peter Lang
,
2005
.
Smith
,
Giles
.
Lost in Music: A Pop Odyssey
.
London
:
Picador
,
1995
.
Smith
,
Joe
. “
An Open Letter to Broadcasters
.”
Billboard
,
October
27
,
1979
.
Sokol
,
Zach
. “
Cassette Tapes Are Almost Cool Again
.”
Motherboard
,
August
13
,
2013
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/vvv9qm/cassette-tapes-are-almost-cool-again-5886b6eab70b0245b1239526.
Sonnichsen
,
Tyler
.
Capitals of Punk: DC, Paris, and Circulation in the Urban Underground
.
London
:
Palgrave Macmillan
,
2019
.
Sorcinelli
,
Gino
. “
Press Pause: The History of Pause Tape Production
.” Red Bull Music Academy,
April
24
,
2019
. https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2019/04/pause-tape-production-feature.
Sorg
,
Lisa
. “
‘Son of Segments’ Given New Life in 90s
.”
Herald-Times
(
Bloomington, IN
),
March
14
,
1997
.
Sounds Worth Saving
.”
House and Garden
,
December
1953
.
Spencer
,
Neil
. “
Malcolm and Bernard: Rock 'n’ Roll Scoundrels
.”
New Musical Express
,
August
9
,
1980
.
Sperrazza
,
Gary
. “
Crib Death
.”
New York Rocker
,
September
1981
.
Spheeris
,
Penelope
. “
Rodney Bingenheimer
.”
No Mag
(
zine
:
Los Angeles
), no.
9
,
1982
.
Spitz
,
Julia
. “
Turned Off by Radio Switch
.”
MetroWest Daily News
(
Framingham, MA
),
July
16
,
2009
.
Stagg
,
Elisabeth
. “
New Security System Could Bypass Continuing Debate on Cassette Packaging
.”
Billboard
,
March
15
,
1986
.
Stasik
,
Pennie
. “
How the Music Industry Is Killing Music
.”
The Bob
(
zine
:
Wilmington, DE
),
March/April
1986
.
Stasik
,
Pennie
, and
Mark
Edwards
. “
On Popularity and the Myth of Adolescence
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
37
38
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Staub
,
Ian
. “
Redubbing the Underground: Cassette Culture in Transition
.” Honor's thesis,
Wesleyan College
,
2010
.
Sterne
,
Jonathan
.
MP3: The Meaning of a Format
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2012
.
Stoever-Ackerman
,
Jennifer
. “
Splicing the Sonic Color-Line: Tony Schwartz Remixes Postwar Nueva York
.”
Social Text
28
, no.
1
(
2010
):
59
85
.
Stosuy
,
Brandon
. “
Sebadoh, The Freed Man
.”
Pitchfork
,
July
20
,
2007
. https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/10448-the-freed-man/.
Strauss
,
Neil
. “
Putting the Net Over Networking
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
130
32
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Straw
,
Will
. “
Sizing Up Record Collections: Gender and Connoisseurship in Rock Music Culture
.” In
Sexing the Groove: Popular Music and Gender
, edited by
Sheila
Whiteley
,
3
16
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
1997
.
Straw
,
Will
. “
Systems of Articulation, Logics of Change: Communities and Scenes in Popular Music
.”
Cultural Studies
5
, no.
3
(
1991
):
366
88
.
Stubbs
,
David
.
Mars by 1980: The Story of Electronic Music
.
London
:
Faber and Faber
,
2018
.
Supper
,
Alexandra
. “
Listening for the Hiss: Lo-Fi Liner Notes as Curatorial Practices
.”
Popular Music
37
, no.
2
(
2018
):
253
70
.
Survey Says One in 10 Young People Buy Cassette Tapes
.”
BBC Newsbeat
,
April
16
,
2014
. https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-27036235.
Sweeting
,
Adam
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
October
16
,
1982
.
Sweeting
,
Adam
. “
Talking Herberts
.”
Melody Maker
,
July
17
,
1982
.
Szava-Kovats
,
Andrew
, dir.
Grindstone Redux
.
Lowell, MA
:
True Age Media
,
2009
.
Tabs Out Cassette Podcast
. “
Tape Label List
.” Accessed
July
21
,
2022
. https://www.tabsout.com/?page_id=15214.
Tapeworm (cassette-only label)
. “
The Tapeworm, the Bookworm, and the Wormhole
.” Accessed
July
21
,
2022
. http://www.tapeworm.org.uk/home.html.
Tapeyetta de Blanc
.”
New Musical Express
,
February
14
,
1981
.
Taylor
,
Timothy
. “
Burger Records: ‘Keeping the Teenage Spirit Alive.’
” In
Music and Capitalism: A History of the Present
,
161
76
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
2016
.
Taylor
,
Zack
, dir.
Cassette: A Documentary Mixtape
.
Cleveland, OH
:
Gravitas Ventures
,
2016
.
Thomas
,
Marshall
.
The Art behind the Tape
.
New York
:
Axiom Blue
,
2014
.
Thorn
,
Tracey
.
Bedsit Disco Queen: How I Grew Up and Tried to Be a Pop Star
.
London
:
Virago
,
2013
.
Thrills
,
Adrian
. “
Garageland
,”
New Musical Express
,
October
25
,
1980
.
Tomlin
,
Annie
. “
Summer Pickup
.” In
Cassettes from My Ex: Stories and Soundtracks of Lost Loves
, edited by
Jason
Bitner
,
38
39
. New York: St. Martin's,
2009
.
Tongson
,
Karen
. “
Empty Orchestra: The Karaoke Standard and Pop Celebrity
.”
Public Culture
27
, no.
1
(
2015
):
85
108
.
Toomey
,
Jenny
. “
Mix and Circulate (Or, This Is a Recording: I Think I Love You)
.”
Alternative Press
(
zine
:
Cleveland, OH
),
December
1995
.
Toop
,
David
.
Rap Attack 3: African Rap to Global Hip-Hop
.
London
:
Serpent's Tail
,
2000
.
Tow
,
Stephen
.
The Strangest Tribe: How a Group of Seattle Rock Bands Invented Grunge
.
Seattle
:
Sasquatch
,
2011
.
Trilling
,
Roger
. “
Her Master's Voice: Malcolm McLaren Teaches a New Dog Old Tricks
.”
New York Rocker
,
December
1981
.
Troitsky
,
Artemy
.
Back in the USSR: The True Story of Rock in Russia
.
Boston
:
Faber and Faber
,
1987
.
True
,
Everett
. “
Beck and Sebadoh: It's Saturday, It's Two O'clock and It's … Slackerjack!
Melody Maker
,
November
26
,
1994
.
True
,
Everett
.
Nirvana: The Biography
.
Boston
:
Da Capo
,
2009
.
Ugwu
,
Reggie
. “
Inside the Playlist Factory
.”
Buzzfeed
,
July
12
,
2016
. https://www.buzzfeed.com/reggieugwu/the-unsung-heroes-of-the-music-streaming-boom.
Universal City Studios v
.
Sony Corp
.
of America, 464 U.S.
417
(
1984
).
Unterberger
,
Richie
. “
Issue by Issue (An Editor's Parting Shot)
.”
Option
, July
1991
.
Unterberger
,
Richie
.
Unknown Legends of Rock 'n’ Roll
.
San Francisco
:
Miller Freeman
,
1998
.
Upchurch
,
Jenny
. “
Woman Asks How to Ditch Cassette Tapes and Cases
.”
Tennessean
(
Nashville
),
February
5
,
2010
.
US Congress
.
House Committee on the Judiciary
.
Prohibiting Piracy of Sound Recordings
. 92nd Cong., 1st Sess.
Washington, DC
:
US Government Printing Office
,
1971
.
US Congress
.
House Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice
.
Home Recording of Copyrighted Works
. 97th Cong, 2nd sess.
Washington, DC
:
US Government Printing Office
,
1983
.
US Congress
.
Office of Technology Assessment
.
Copyright and Home Copying: Technology Challenges the Law
.
Washington, DC
:
US Government Printing Office
,
1989
.
US Congress
.
Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks. Home Audio Recording Act. 99th Cong., 1st and 2nd Sess
.
Washington, DC
:
US Government Printing Office
,
1987
.
US Congress
.
Senate Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks
.
Video and Audio Home Taping
. 98th Cong., 1st Sess.
Washington, DC
:
US Government Printing Office
,
1984
.
Vail
,
Tobi
. “
Jigsaw #2
.”
My Jigsaw Scrapbook
(blog),
September
28
,
2009
. http://jigsawscrapbook.blogspot.com/2009/09/jigsaw-2.html.
Vail
,
Tobi
. “
6th Grade Enthusiazm!?!
Jigsaw
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), no.
2
,
1990
.
Van Buskirk
,
Eliot
. “
Social Media Began with Napster's Hot List
.”
Hypebot
,
April
23
,
2013
. https://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2013/04/social-music-began-with-napsters-hot-list.html.
Varian
,
Ethan
. “
The Hiss Is Back: The Growing Resurgence of Cassette Culture
.”
Performer Magazine
,
May
20
,
2015
. https://performermag.com/band-management/music-promotion/the-hiss-is-back-the-growing-resurgence-of-cassette-culture/.
Vesey
,
Alyxandra
. “
Selling Sonic Girlhood: Feminizing Indie Rock through Music Supervision on MTV's Awkward
.”
Journal of Cinema and Media Studies
60
, no.
5
(
2021
):
217
42
.
Walker
,
Rob
. “
Hitting Rewind on the Cassette Tape
.”
New York Times
,
April
23
,
2010
.
Wallis
,
Roger
, and
Krister
Malm
.
Big Sounds from Small Peoples: The Music Industry in Small Countries
.
London
:
Constable
,
1984
.
Walsh
,
Jim
.
The Replacements: All Over but the Shouting: An Oral History
.
St. Paul, MN
:
Voyageur
,
2009
.
Walsh
,
Ryan
. “
Spotify's Spam War Could Change How We Listen to Music
.”
Motherboard
,
February
2
,
2016
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/yp3vww/spotifys-spam-war-could-change-how-we-listen-to-music.
Warner
Communications
, Inc.
Home Taping: A Consumer Survey
.
New York
:
Warner Communications
,
1982
.
Warwick
,
Oli
. “
Electronics and Scuzz: A Discussion with Opal Tapes Boss Stephen Bishop
.”
Juno Daily
,
January
21
,
2013
. https://www.juno.co.uk/junodaily/2013/01/21/electronics-and-scuzz-a-discussion-with-opal-tapes-boss-stephen-bishop/.
Waterman
,
Bryan
.
Marquee Moon
.
New York
:
Continuum
,
2011
.
We Tape the Music—Seriously
” (advertisement).
New Musical Express
,
January
31
,
1981
.
Weiner
,
Jonah
. “
Street Legal
.”
Blender
,
November
2005
.
Westerberg
,
Paul
. Liner notes for The Shit Hits the Fans, by The Replacements (cassette). TTR 8443C. Twin/Tone Records, 1985.
Wiebe
,
Gerhart
. “
The Effect of Radio Plugging on Students’ Opinions of Popular Songs
.”
Journal of Applied Psychology
24
(
1941
):
721
27
.
Williams
,
Stephen
. “
For Car Cassette Decks, Play Time Is Over
.”
New York Times
,
February
4
,
2011
.
Williams
,
Stephen
. “
Japan Is Saying Goodbye to the Sony Cassette Walkman
.”
New York Times
,
October
28
,
2010
.
Willis
,
Paul
.
Common Culture: Symbolic Work at Play in the Everyday Cultures of the Young
.
Milton Keynes, UK
:
Open University Press
,
1990
.
Wilson
,
Dan
. “
Singing in My Sleep
.” Track 2 from Feeling Strangely Fine, by Semisonic (CD). MCA Records MCAD, 1998.
Wikstrom
,
Patrik
.
The Music Industry: Music in the Cloud
.
Cambridge, UK
:
Polity
,
2009
.
Winwood
,
Ian
.
Smash! Green Day, the Offspring, Bad Religion, NOFX, and the '90s Punk Explosion
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Da Capo
,
2018
.
Witt
,
Stephen
.
How Music Got Free: A Story of Obsession and Invention
.
New York
:
Penguin
,
2015
.
Wolk
,
Douglas
. “
Tape to Tape to Tape
.”
CMJ New Music Monthly
,
January
1995
.
Woodworth
,
Griffin Mead
. “
Hackers, Users, and Suits: Napster and Representations of Identity
.”
Popular Music and Society
27
, no.
2
(
2004
):
161
84
.
Xu
,
Chuan
. “
From Sonic Models to Sonic Hooligans: Magnetic Tape and the Unraveling of the Mao-Era Sound Regime, 1958–1983
.”
East Asian Science, Technology, and Society
13
, no.
3
(
2019
):
391
412
.
Yabroff
,
Jennie
. “
With This CD I Thee Wed
.”
New York Times
,
April
17
,
2005
.
Yankelovich, Skelly and White Inc
.
Why Americans Tape: A Survey of Home Audio Taping in the United States
.
Washington, DC
:
Audio Recording Rights Coalition
,
1982
.
Yarm
,
Mark
.
Everybody Loves Our Town: An Oral History of Grunge
.
New York
:
Crown Archetype
,
2011
.
Yoo
,
Noah
. “
Cassette Sales Grew 23% in 2018
.”
Pitchfork
,
January
17
,
2019
. https://pitchfork.com/news/cassette-sales-rose-35-in-2017/.
Zokol
,
Zach
. “
Cassette Tapes Are Almost Cool Again
.”
Motherboard
,
August
13
,
2013
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/vvv9qm/cassette-tapes-are-almost-cool-again-5886b6eab70b0245b1239526.
Zuberi
,
Nabeel
. “
The Record Shop
.” In
The Bloomsbury Handbook of Popular Music, Space and Place
, edited by
Geoff
Stahl
and
Mark
Percival
,
129
38
.
New York
:
Bloomsbury
,
2022
.

Figures & Tables

Contents

Advertisement

References

Bibliography

Abdurraqib
,
Hanif
.
Go Ahead in the Rain: Notes to a Tribe Called Quest
.
Austin
:
University of Texas Press
,
2019
.
Abebe
,
Nitsuh
. “
Twee as Fuck: The Story of Indie Pop
.”
Pitchfork
,
October
24
,
2005
. https://pitchfork.com/features/article/6176-twee-as-fuck/.
Abrams
,
Howie
, and
James
Lathos
.
Finding Joseph I: An Oral History of H.R. from Bad Brains
.
New York
:
Post Hill
,
2019
.
Adams
,
Owen
. “
Label of Love: ROIR
.”
Guardian
,
November
4
,
2009
. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/nov/04/label-love-roir.
Adamson
,
George
. “
Hitch Your Mike to a Portable
.”
Magnetic Film and Tape Recording
,
July/August
1954
.
Alovisi
,
Ella
. “
Last.fm Was the Only Music Social Network That Made Sense
.” Noisey,
December
4
,
2017
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/a37x9g/lastfm-was-the-only-music-social-network-that-made-sense.
Amoniac
,
Sal
, and
George
Willard
. “
Linda Smith Tells All That She's Asked
.”
Mole
(
zine
:
Merrifield, VA
), no.
6
,
1993
.
Anderson
,
Tim J.
Female Treble: Gender, Record Retail, and a Play for Space
.” In
Point of Sale: Analyzing Media Retail
, edited by
Daniel
Herbert
and
Derek
Johnson
,
160
74
.
New Brunswick, NJ
:
Rutgers University Press
,
2020
.
Anderson
,
Tim J.
Music Supervision and Branding in an Era of ‘Convergent Advertising.’
” In
The Oxford Handbook of Music and Advertising
, edited by
James
Deaville
,
Siu-Lan
Tan
, and
Ron
Rodman
,
203
20
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2020
.
Anderson
,
Tim J.
Popular Music in a Digital Music Economy
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2014
.
Anthony
,
David
. “
How Music's Worst Format Has Found a New Life
.” A.V. Club,
September
6
,
2013
. https://www.avclub.com/how-music-s-worst-format-has-found-a-new-life-1798240422.
Apter
,
Jeff
.
The Dave Grohl Story
.
London
:
Omnibus
,
2006
.
Arnold
,
Gina
. “
Better Dead than Cool: Punk Philosophers Nirvana
.”
Option
,
January/February
1992
.
Azerrad
,
Michael
.
Come as You Are: The Story of Nirvana
.
New York
:
Doubleday
,
1993
.
Azerrad
,
Michael
.
Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Rock Underground, 1981–1991
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
,
2001
.
Azerrad
,
Michael
.
Rock Critic Law: 101 Unbreakable Rules for Writing Badly about Music
.
New York
:
Harper Collins
,
2018
.
Bannister
,
Matthew
. “
‘Loaded’: Indie Guitar Rock, Canonism, White Masculinities
.”
Popular Music
25
, no.
1
(
2006
):
77
95
.
Barnes
,
Ken
. “
Top 40 Radio: A Fragment of the Imagination
.” In
Facing the Music
, edited by
Simon
Frith
,
8
50
.
New York
:
Pantheon
,
1988
.
Bartmanski
,
Dominik
, and
Ian
Woodward
.
Vinyl: The Analog Record in the Digital Age
.
New York
:
Bloomsbury
,
2015
.
Barton
,
Laura
. “
Can I Get a Rewind?
The Guardian
,
December
8
,
2006
. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/dec/08/popandrock3.
Baumgarten
,
Mark
.
Love Rock Revolution: K Records and the Rise of Independent Music
.
Seattle
:
Sasquatch
,
2012
.
Becker
,
Howard
.
Art Worlds
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
1982
.
Begole
,
Christine
. “
How to Make Cassette Recordings for Holiday Parties
.”
Glamour
,
December
1979
.
Begole
,
Christine
. “
How to Make a Great Party Tape
.”
Glamour
,
December
1983
.
Berry
,
Chuck
.
The Autobiography
.
New York
:
Harmony
,
1987
.
Bessman
,
Jim
. “
ROIR Brings Its Punk-Era Rarities to CD
.”
Billboard
,
January
30
,
1999
.
Bijsterveld
,
Karin
, and
Annelies
Jacobs
. “
Storing Sound Souvenirs: The Multi-Sited Domestication of the Tape Recorder
.” In
Sound Souvenirs: Audio Technologies, Memory and Cultural Practices
, edited by
Karin
Bijsterveld
and
José van
Dijck
,
25
42
.
Amsterdam
:
Amsterdam University Press
,
2009
.
Birdwistle
,
Andy
. “
Start Here: Sounding the Materiality of the Compact Audio Cassette
.”
Resonance: The Journal of Sound and Culture
2
, no.
2
(
2021
):
192
217
.
Bitner
,
Jason
. “
Introduction
.” In
Cassettes from My Ex: Stories and Soundtracks of Lost Loves
, edited by
Jason
Bitner
,
1
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
2009
.
Blush
,
Steven
, and
George
Petros
.
American Hardcore: A Tribal History
.
Los Angeles
:
Feral House
,
2010
.
Bohlman
,
Andrea F.
Making Tapes in Poland: The Compact Cassette at Home
.”
Twentieth Century Music
14
, no.
1
(
2017
):
119
34
.
Bohlman
,
Andrea F.
, and
Peter
McMurray
. “
Tape: Or, Rewinding the Phonographic Regime
.”
Twentieth-Century Music
14
, no.
1
(
2017
):
3
24
.
Booth
,
Michael
. “
The Starbucks Lifestyle: It's Not Just about Coffee Anymore
.”
Denver Post
,
May
20
,
2003
.
Bottomley
,
Andrew J.
‘Home Taping Is Killing Music’: The Recording Industries’ 1980s Anti Home Taping Campaigns and Struggles over Production, Labor and Creativity
.”
Creative Industries Journal
8
, no.
2
(
2015
):
123
45
.
Bradberry
,
Brad
. “
Cleaners from Venus: Just Pop in a Cassette
.”
Option
,
May/June
1988
.
Bradberry
,
Brad
. “
Living with Victoria Grey
.”
Option
,
January/February
1987
.
Brewster
,
Bill
.
Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey
.
New York
:
Grove
,
2000
.
Bromberg
,
Craig
.
The Wicked Ways of Malcolm McLaren
.
New York
:
Harper and Row
,
1989
.
Brown
,
August
. “
A Sonic Rewind
.”
Los Angeles Times
,
August
1
,
2010
.
Burkart
,
Patrick
, and
Tom
McCourt
.
Digital Music Wars: Ownership and Control of the Celestial Jukebox
.
Lanham, MD
:
Rowman and Littlefield
,
2006
.
Burns
,
Jehnie
.
Mixtape Nostalgia: Culture, Memory, and Representation
.
Lanham, MD
:
Lexington
,
2021
.
Butterworth
,
Brent
. “
Don't Call It a Comeback: Cassettes Have Sounded Lousy for Years (and Still Do!)
Wirecutter
(blog). New York Times,
October
26
,
2021
. https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/cassettes-comeback-sound-lousy/.
C81 Glut
.”
New Musical Express
,
March
7
,
1981
.
Cameron
,
Keith
.
Mudhoney: The Sound and the Fury from Seattle
.
Minneapolis, MN
:
Voyageur
,
2014
.
Campau
,
Don
, prod. “
No Pigeonholes
.”
February
1986
. http://livingarchive.doncampau.com/no_pigeonholes_radio/february-1986.
Campau
,
Don
, prod. “
No Pigeonholes
.”
October
1986
. http://livingarchive.doncampau.com/no_pigeonholes_radio/october-1986.
Camper
,
Shirley
. “
Father Away? Children Will Love Record of His Voice
.”
Woman's Home Companion
,
November
1952
.
Canby
,
Edward Tatnall
.
Home Music Systems: How to Build and Enjoy Them
.
New York
:
Harper and Brothers
,
1953
.
Canby
,
Edward Tatnall
. “
Tape Bonanza
.”
Saturday Review of Literature
,
June
11
,
1949
.
Canby
,
Edward Tatnall
. “
Tape Records for the Home
.”
Harper's
,
August
1954
.
Carey
,
James
,
Afterword: The Culture in Question
.” In
James Carey: A Critical Reader
, edited by
Eve
Stryker
Munson and
Catherine A.
Warren
,
308
39
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
,
1997
.
Cassettes Are Rolling
.”
Newsweek
,
April
28
,
1969
.
Caulfield
,
Keith
. “
U.S. Cassette Album Sales Grew 23% in 2018
.”
Billboard
,
January
17
,
2019
. https://www.billboard.com/pro/us-cassette-album-sales-2018-britney-spears-guardians-twenty-one-pilots/.
Centawer
,
Marlie
. “
Rock-and-Roll Kinderwhore: Gender, Genre, and ‘Girlville’ in Liz Phair's Girly Sound (1991)
.”
Rock Music Studies
5
, no.
1
(
2018
):
58
75
.
Chadabe
,
Joel
.
Electric Sound: The Past and Promise of Electronic Music
.
Upper Saddle River, NJ
:
Prentice-Hall
,
1997
.
Chadbourne
,
Eugene
. “
My Recording Career: LPs and Cassettes
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
54
59
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Chang
,
Jeff
.
Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip Hop Generation
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
2007
.
Chaplin
,
Heather
, and
Aaron
Ruby
.
Smartbomb: The Quest for Art, Entertainment, and Big Bucks in the Videogame Revolution
.
Chapel Hill, NC
:
Algonquin
,
2005
.
Cheshire
,
Godfrey
. “
Welcome to Comboland
.”
Indy Week
,
May
10
,
2000
. https://indyweek.com/news/archives/welcome-comboland/.
Chicago A.V.
Club
. “
Tapes 'n’ Tapes, vol. 23: Kid Sister Everything
.” YouTube Video, 7:04,
October
7
,
2011
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DK5D7RAcocs&t=9s.
Christman
,
Ed.
Majors to NARM: Support the Cassette
.”
Billboard
,
November
5
,
1994
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Cassettes Are Evolution Tools
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
17
,
1992
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Cassettes on Top in Format Wars
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
14
, Spring
1990
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Editor's Note
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
3
, Fall
1985
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Publications (review of Option)
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
6
,
January/February
1987
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Reviews
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
3
, Fall
1985
.
Ciaffardini
,
David
. “
Reviews
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
6
,
January/February
1987
.
Clair
,
Adam
.
Endless Endless: A Lo-Fi History of the Elephant 6 Mystery
.
New York
:
Hachette
,
2022
.
Clark
,
Don
. “
New Web Sites Seek to Shape Public's Taste in Music
.”
Wall Street Journal
,
November
14
,
2000
.
Clark
,
Mark H.
Product Diversification
.” In
Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years
, edited by
Eric D.
Daniel
,
C. Denis
Mee
, and
Mark H.
Clark
,
92
109
.
New York
:
IEEE
,
1999
.
Classifieds
.”
Maximumrocknroll
(
zine
:
San Francisco
), no.
154
,
March
1996
.
Clerk
,
Carol
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
October
2
,
1982
.
Coates
,
Stephen
.
Bone Music: Soviet X-ray Audio
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
,
2022
.
Cobain
,
Kurt
. Liner notes for Incesticide, by Nirvana (CD). Sub Pop DGCD-24504, 1992.
Cohen
,
Jason
. “
Starry Eyes: Daniel Johnston's Search for Success
.”
Option
,
January/February
1995
.
Colbert
,
Paul
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
March
13
,
1982
.
Coley
,
Byron
. “
Replacements: ‘Shit Hits the Fans.’
Forced Exposure
(
zine
:
Waltham, MA
), nos.
7–8
, Summer
1985
.
Coley
,
Byron
. “
Underground
.”
Spin
,
February
1988
.
Coley
,
Byron
. “
Underground
.”
Spin
,
March
1988
.
Coley
,
Byron
. “
Underground
.”
Spin
,
October
1988
.
Colker
,
David
. “
Cassette Tapes’ New Life: iPod Holders
.”
Los Angeles Times
,
August
11
,
2009
.
Conly
,
John M.
They Shall Have Music
.”
Atlantic
,
February
1954
.
Connor
,
Steven
.
Dumbstruck: A Cultural History of Ventriloquism
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2000
.
Connor
,
Steven
. “
Looping the Loop: Tape-Time in Burroughs and Beckett
.” In
Beckett, Modernism and the Material Imagination
,
84
101
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
,
2014
.
Conrad
,
Frederick
,
Jason
Corey
,
Samantha
Goldstein
,
Joseph
Ostrow
, and
Michael
Sadowsky
. “
Extreme Re-listening: Songs People Love … and Continue to Love
.”
Psychology of Music
47
, no.
2
(
2019
):
158
72
.
Continental Telephone Supply Company
. “
Carry-Corder
” (advertisement).
New York Times
,
March
7
,
1965
.
Contributors
.”
W
51
, no.
3
(
2022
):
28
.
Cooper
,
Kim
.
In the Aeroplane over the Sea
.
New York
:
Continuum
,
2005
.
Coppola
,
Sofia
, dir.
The Virgin Suicides
.
San Francisco
:
American Zoetrope
,
1999
.
Cost
,
Jud
. “
Through the Looking Glass
.”
Magnet
(
zine
:
Morrisville, PA
), no.
34
,
May/June
1998
.
Creekmur
,
Chuck
. “
Caught on Tape
.”
Vibe
,
August
2004
.
Crowe
,
Cameron
, dir.
Say Anything
.
Los Angeles
:
Twentieth Century Fox
,
1989
.
Cummings
,
Alex Sayf
.
Democracy of Sound: Music Piracy and the Remaking of American Copyright in the Twentieth Century
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2013
.
Curran
,
Kieran
. “
‘On Tape’: Cassette Culture in Edinburgh and Glasgow Now
.” In
21st Century Perspectives on Music, Technology, and Culture: Listening Spaces
, edited by
Richard
Purcell
and
Richard
Randall
,
33
54
.
New York
:
Palgrave Macmillan
,
2016
.
Cushman
,
Thomas
.
Notes from Underground: Rock Music Counterculture in Russia
.
Albany
:
State University of New York Press
,
1995
.
Daley
,
David
. “
Neutral Milk Hotel: Mangum, Lo-Fi
.”
Alternative Press
(
zine
:
Cleveland, OH
), no.
97
,
August
1996
.
Darnielle
,
John
. Liner notes for All Hail West Texas, by the
Mountain
Goats
(CD). Emperor Jones EJ41CD,
2002
.
Darnielle
,
John
. Liner notes for The Hound Chronicles/Hot Garden Stomp, by the Mountain Goats (cassette). Shrimper SHR163, 2012.
Davila
,
Richard C.
No hay Sólo un Idioma, No hay Sólo una Voz: A Revisionist History of Chicana/os and Latina/os in Punk
.” PhD diss.,
University of Western Ontario
,
2016
.
Dawson
,
Imani
. “
For Promotional Use Only
.”
Vibe
,
August
2004
.
d'Beers
,
John
. “
Industrial Strength
.”
Alternative Press
(
zine
:
Cleveland, OH
), no.
6
,
November/December
1985
.
Denisoff
,
R. Serge
.
Tarnished Gold: The Record Industry Revisited
.
New Brunswick, NJ
:
Transaction
,
1986
.
DeRogatis
,
Jim
.
Staring at Sound: The True Story of Oklahoma's Fabulous Flaming Lips
.
New York
:
Random House
,
2006
.
Devine
,
Kyle
.
Decomposed: The Political Ecology of Music
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
,
2019
.
Dezember
,
Ryan
, and
Anne
Steele
. “
Global Shortage of Magnetic Tape Has Cassette Lovers Reeling
.”
Wall Street Journal
,
November
4
,
2017
.
Dillingham
,
Mick
. “
The Brotherhood of Lizards
.”
Bucketfull of Brains
(
zine
:
London
), no.
35
,
October/November
1990
.
DioGuardi
,
Kara
.
A Helluva High Note: Surviving Life, Love, and American Idol
.
New York
:
HarperCollins
,
2011
.
DJ Semtex
.
Hip Hop Raised Me
.
New York
:
Thames and Hudson
,
2016
.
Dolan
,
Emily
. “
‘… This Little Ukulele Tells the Truth’: Indie Pop and Kitsch Authenticity
.”
Popular Music
29
, no.
3
(
2010
):
457
69
.
Dorman
,
Bob
. “
Compact Cassette Supremo Lou Ottens Talks to El Reg
.”
The Register
,
September
2
,
2013
. https://www.theregister.com/2013/09/02/compact_cassette_supremo_lou_ottens_talks_to_el_reg/?page=2.
Dredge
,
Stuart
. “
Spotify Bites Back at Apple Music with Weekly ‘Mixtape’ Playlist for Each User
.”
Guardian
,
July
20
,
2015
.
Drew
,
Rob
. “
Graffiti as Public and Private Art
.” In
On the Margins of Art Worlds
, edited by
Larry
Gross
,
231
48
.
Boulder, CO
:
Westview
,
1995
.
Drew
,
Rob
. “
The Cassette in 1980s Indie Music Scenes
.”
Rock Music Studies
6
, no.
2
(
2019
):
138
52
.
Drew
,
Rob
.
Karaoke Nights: An Ethnographic Rhapsody
.
Walnut Creek, CA
:
AltaMira
,
2001
.
Drew
,
Rob
. “
Mixed Blessings: The Commercial Mix and the Future of Music Aggregation
.”
Popular Music and Society
28
, no.
4
(
2005
):
533
51
.
Drew
,
Rob
. “
New Technologies and the Business of Music: Lessons from the 1980s Home Taping Hearings
.”
Popular Music and Society
37
, no.
3
(
2014
):
253
72
.
Drew
,
Rob
. “
The Space Between: Mix Taping as a Ritual of Distance
.”
Popular Communication
14
, no.
3
(
2016
):
146
55
.
du Gay
,
Paul
, and
Keith
Negus
. “
The Changing Sites of Sound: Music Retailing and the Composition of Consumers
.”
Media, Culture and Society
16
, no.
3
(
1994
):
395
413
.
Duran
,
Lucy
. “
Key to N'Dour: Roots of the Senegalese Star
.”
Popular Music
8
, no.
3
(
1989
):
275
84
.
Dymond
,
Kevyn
. “
A Perspective of the Independent Cassette Underground
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
80
86
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Eakin
,
Emily
, and
Felicia R.
Lee
. “
Omnipresent Overachievers … and Those Underachievers
.”
New York Times
,
December
7
,
2003
.
Eley
,
Craig
. “
Technostalgia and the Resurgence of Cassette Culture
.” In
The Politics of Post 9/11 Music
, edited by
Joseph P.
Fisher
and
Brian
Flota
,
43
55
.
Burlington, VT
:
Ashgate
,
2011
.
Eliscu
,
Jenny
. “
Rap's Mix Masters
.”
Rolling Stone
,
July
24
,
2003
.
Enis
,
Eli
. “
Cassette Me, Please: The Future of Vinyl and How Cassettes May Offer the Answer
.”
Uproxx
,
February
28
,
2018
. https://uproxx.com/music/cassette-sales-vinyl-indie-labels-streaming/.
Erdelyi
,
Michael
. “
The Relation between ‘Radio Plugs’ and Sheet Sales of Popular Music
.”
Journal of Applied Psychology
24
, no.
6
(
1940
):
696
702
.
Ewoodzie
,
Joseph C.
Jr.
Break Beats in the Bronx: Rediscovering Hip Hop's Early Years
.
Chapel Hill
:
University of North Carolina Press
,
2017
.
Famous Air King's Wire Recorder Console
” (advertisement).
New York Times
,
November
20
,
1947
.
Fantel
,
Hans
. “
Cassettes—Check before Using
.”
New York Times
,
October
5
,
1969
.
Fantel
,
Hans
. “
An Era Ends as Cassettes Surpass Disks in Popularity
.”
New York Times
,
November
21
,
1982
.
Favia-Artsay
,
Aida
. “
Dub Club
.”
Hobbies
,
April
1953
.
The 50 Best Rap Mixtapes of the Millennium
.”
Pitchfork
,
June
29
,
2016
. https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/9908-the-50-best-rap-mixtapes-of-the-millennium/.
Flick
,
Larry
. “
Dance Industry Applauds Raids on Bootleggers
.”
Billboard
,
December
13
,
1997
.
Fox
,
Barry
. “
Can Record Firms Stop the Tape Pirates?
New Scientist
,
August
21
,
1980
.
Fox
,
Emily
. “
Preventing Sexual Abuse after the Fall of Burger Records
.”
Sound and Vision
(podcast: KEXP),
September
17
,
2020
, 36:09. https://www.kexp.org/podcasts/sound-vision/2020/9/17/preventing-sexual-abuse-after-fall-burger-records/.
Fox
,
Mark A.
Market Power in Music Retailing: The Case of Wal-Mart
.”
Popular Music and Society
28
, no.
4
(
2005
):
501
19
.
Frank
,
Alex
. “
Interview: Kathleen Hanna on the Raincoats and Building an Archive
.”
The Fader
, November 17, 2010. https://www.thefader.com/2010/11/17/interview-kathleen-hanna-on-the-raincoats-and-building-an-archive.
Freidenrich
,
Emily
.
Almost Lost Arts: Traditional Crafts and the Artisans Keeping Them Alive
.
San Francisco
:
Chronicle
,
2019
.
‘Fresh Sounds’ Album Features 16 Local, Regional Bands
.”
Lawrence Journal-World
(Lawrence, KS), March 9, 1986.
Friedman
,
Andrew
. “
The Cassette Revival Needs Blank Tapes
.”
Fact Magazine
,
February
7
,
2017
. https://www.factmag.com/2017/02/07/blank-tapes-collectors-cassette-revival/.
Friedman
,
Skinny
. “
The Real Difference between a Mixtape and an Album
.”
Vice
,
December
10
,
2013
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/rmx446/the-real-difference-between-a-mixtape-and-an-album.
Frith
,
Simon
. “
Art vs. Technology: The Strange Case of Popular Music
.”
Media, Culture, and Society
8
, no.
3
(
1986
):
263
79
.
Frith
,
Simon
. “
The Industrialization of Music
.” In
Popular Music and Communication
, edited by
James
Lull
,
52
77
.
Newbury Park, CA
:
Sage
,
1987
.
Frith
,
Simon
. “
‘The Magic That Can Set You Free’: The Ideology of Folk and the Myth of the Rock Community
.”
Popular Music
1
(
1981
):
159
68
.
Frith
,
Simon
.
Performing Rites: On the Value of Popular Music
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
,
1996
.
Frith
,
Simon
.
Sound Effects: Youth, Leisure, and the Politics of Rock 'n’ Roll
.
New York
:
Pantheon
,
1981
.
Frith
,
Simon
. “
Towards an Aesthetic of Popular Music
.” In
Music and Society: The Politics of Composition, Performance, and Reception
, edited by
Richard
Leppert
and
Susan
McClary
,
133
49
.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
,
1987
.
Froley
,
Diana
. “
Linda Smith: Home Taper
.” In
Tape Op: The Book about Creative Music Recording
, edited by
Larry
Crane
,
20
23
.
Venice, CA
:
Feral House
,
2000
.
From the Lap of Cougar and thru the Tunnel Eternal: MX-80 Sound
.”
Forced Exposure
(
zine
:
Waltham, MA
), no.
17
,
1991
.
Gallagher
,
David F.
For the Mix Tape, a Digital Upgrade and Notoriety
.”
New York Times
,
January
30
,
2003
.
Gamble
,
J. R.
The Legendary DJ Kid Capri
.”
The Shadow League
,
June
15
,
2017
. https://theshadowleague.com/black-music-month-the-legendary-kiiiiiiiiiiiid-capri/.
Gelt
,
Jessica
. “
The Women Who Brought Down Burger Records
.”
Los Angeles Times
,
January
24
,
2021
.
Geoghegan
,
Tom
. “
10 Uses for Audio Cassettes.” BBC
News Magazine
,
May
9
,
2007
. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6634727.stm.
George
,
Nelson
. “
Hip Hop's Founding Fathers Speak the Truth
.” In
That's the Joint: The Hip Hop Studies Reader
, edited by
Murray
Forman
and
Mark Anthony
Neal
,
45
55
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2004
.
George
,
Nelson
.
Post-Soul Nation
.
New York
:
Viking
,
2004
.
Geraci
,
Philip C.
The Home Recordist … Hobbyist or Hoodlum?
Stereophile
,
July–October
1963
.
Geraci
,
Philip C.
Letter
.”
High Fidelity
,
April
1955
.
Geraci
,
Philip C.
Problems Raised by Technological Advances on Copyright in Musical Compositions
.”
Master's thesis, University of Maryland
,
1961
.
Gerrity
,
Megan
.
Scribble Faster
(
zine
:
Brooklyn
), no.
2
,
2005
.
Gibner
,
Jason
. “
What Fred Said
.”
Ann Arbor Paper
,
September
2005
.
Gitelman
,
Lisa
.
Always Already New: Media, History, and the Data of Culture
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
,
2006
.
Goldman
,
Vivien
.
Revenge of the She-Punks: A Feminist Music History from Poly Styrene to Pussy Riot
.
Austin
:
University of Texas Press
,
2019
.
Gooch
,
Beverly R.
Building on the Magnetophon
.” In
Magnetic Recording: The First 100 Years
, edited by
Eric D.
Daniel
,
C. Denis
Mee
, and
Mark H.
Clark
,
72
90
.
New York
:
IEEE
,
1999
.
Grajeda
,
Tony
. “
The ‘Feminization’ of Rock
.” In
Rock Over the Edge
, edited by
Roger
Beebe
,
Denise
Fulbrook
, and
Ben
Saunders
,
233
54
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2002
.
Grajeda
,
Tony
. “
The Sound of Disaffection
.” In
Hop on Pop: The Politics and Pleasures of Popular Culture
, edited by
Henry
Jenkins
,
Tara
McPherson
, and
Jane
Shattuc
,
357
75
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2002
.
Grandmaster Flash with David Ritz
.
The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash: My Life, My Beats
.
New York
:
Broadway
,
2008
.
Grant
,
Jeffery
. “
Sounds That Keep Your Trip Alive
.”
Magnetic Film and Tape Recording
,
July/August
1955
.
Grant
,
Jeffery
. “
Your Tape Recorder
.”
Magnetic Film and Tape Recording
,
May/June
1954
.
Grant
,
Kieran
. “
Sing a Subtle Hint
.”
Toronto Sun
,
June
2
,
1998
.
Greene
,
Shane
.
Punk and Revolution: Seven More Interpretations of Peruvian Reality
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2016
.
Greer
,
Germaine
. “
Why Don't Women Buy CDs?
BBC Music Magazine
,
September
1994
.
Grierson
,
Tim
.
Public Enemy: Inside the Terrordome
.
London
:
Omnibus
,
2015
.
Griffith
,
Erin
. “
From Crypto Art to Trading Cards, Investment Manias Abound
.”
New York Times
,
March
13
,
2021
.
Gronow
,
Pekka
. “
The Record Industry: The Growth of a Mass Medium
.”
Popular Music
3
(
1983
):
53
75
.
Grossman
,
David
. “
We're Facing a Worldwide Cassette Shortage, So Hug Your Nearest Hipster
.”
Popular Mechanics
,
October
11
,
2019
. https://www.popularmechanics.com/culture/music/a29440090/cassette-shortage/.
Hafitz
,
Michael
. “
Tape Reporter
.”
Boston Rock
,
May
14
,
1981
.
Haight
,
Kathy
. “
N.C. Bands Give Europe Something to Rock About
.”
North Carolina Observer
,
April
20
,
1986
.
Haley
,
Mike
. “
Tape Label or Weed Strain?
Tabs Out Cassette Podcast
,
April
20
,
2018
. https://www.tabsout.com/?p=18581.
Halloran
,
Tricia
, and
Orion
Walker
. Liner notes for Dean Quixote, by various artists (CD). SpinART Records, spart 99, 2001.
Harkey
,
Sue Ann
. “
Collaboration Tapes
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
68
69
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Harper
,
Adam
. “
Lo-Fi Aesthetics in Popular Music Discourse
.
” DPhil thesis in musicology, University of Oxford
,
2014
.
Harris
,
Keith
. “
‘Roots’?: The Relationship between the Global and the Local within the Extreme Metal Scene
.”
Popular Music
19
, no.
1
(
2000
):
13
30
.
Hart
,
Bret
. “
Letters
.”
Option
,
January
1989
.
Hersh
,
Kristin
.
Rat Girl: A Memoir
.
New York
:
Penguin
,
2010
.
Hesmondhalgh
,
David
. “
Indie: The Institutional Politics and Aesthetics of a Popular Music Genre
.”
Cultural Studies
13
, no.
1
(
1999
):
34
61
.
Hesmondhalgh
,
David
. “
Towards a Critical Understanding of Music, Emotion, and Self Identity
.”
Consumption, Markets, and Culture
11
, no.
4
(
2008
):
329
43
.
Hesmondhalgh
,
David
, and
Sarah
Baker
.
Creative Labour: Media Work in Three Cultural Industries
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2011
.
Hewitt
,
Paolo
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
October
9
,
1982
.
Heylin
,
Clinton
.
Bootleg: The Secret History of the Other Recording Industry
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
1994
.
Hirsch
,
Paul
. “
Processing Fads and Fashions
.”
American Journal of Sociology
77
, no.
4
(
1972
):
639
59
.
Hirschkind
,
Charles
.
The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
,
2006
.
Hix
,
Lisa
. “
Cassette Revolution
.”
Collector's Weekly
,
June
2
,
2015
. https://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/cassette-revolution/.
Hochman
,
Steve
. “
Cassette Prices Rise, Close the Gap on Compact Discs
.”
Los Angeles Times
,
June
23
,
1990
.
Hogan
,
Marc
. “
This Is Not a Mixtape
.”
Pitchfork
,
February
22
,
2010
. http://pitchfork.com/features/article/7764-this-is-not-a-mixtape/.
Hogan
,
Marc
, “
Why Are Independent Artists and Labels Turning Away From Vinyl?
Pitchfork
,
July
13
,
2021
. https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/why-are-independent-artists-and-labels-turning-away-from-vinyl/.
Holland
,
Bill
. “
Audio Home Recording Act Passes
.”
Billboard
,
October
17
,
1992
.
Holland
,
Bill
. “
Eye on Home Taping: Congress Opens Consumer Survey
.”
Billboard
,
March
19
,
1988
.
Holland
,
Bill
. “
Government Study Confirms Losses to Home Taping
.”
Billboard
,
May
6
,
1989
.
Holland
,
Bill
. “
U.S. Taping Study Upsets Industry
.”
Billboard
,
November
11
,
1989
.
Holland
,
Bill
, and
Susan
Nunziata
, “
Duping Royalty Pact Signals New Era
.”
Billboard
,
July
20
,
1991
.
Holsapple
,
Peter
. “
The dB's: What Happened?
” In
Rolling Stone's Alt-Rock-a-Rama
, edited by
Scott
Schinder
,
93
98
.
New York
:
Delta
,
1996
.
Home Recording Rights Coalition
. “
America's Right to Tape
” (advertisement). Reproduced in
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
11
.
Brooklyn
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Home Tape Recorders Worry Broadcasters
.”
Washington Daily News
,
February
21
,
1956
.
Hopper
,
Jessica
. “
Whitney Johnson on Sociology and Ghosts
.”
Chicago Tribune
,
August
28
,
2014
.
Hornby
,
Nick
.
High Fidelity
.
New York
:
Riverhead
,
1995
.
Horning
,
Susan Schmidt
.
Chasing Sound: Technology, Culture, and the Art of Studio Recording from Edison to the LP
.
Baltimore, MD
:
Johns Hopkins University Press
,
2013
.
Horovitz
,
Adam
. “
Well, Back in My Day …
”. In
Beastie Boys Book
, by
Michael
Diamond
and
Adam
Horovitz
,
39
46
.
New York
:
Spiegel and Grau
,
2018
.
Horton
,
Donald
. “
The Dialogue of Courtship in Popular Songs
.”
American Journal of Sociology
62
, no.
6
(
1957
):
569
78
.
Hsu
,
Hua
. “
Thanks for the Memorex
.”
Artforum
,
February
2011
.
Huhn
,
Mary
. “
Boo Fucking Hoo
.” In
Cassettes from My Ex: Stories and Soundtracks of Lost Loves
, edited by
Jason
Bitner
,
106
10
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
2009
.
Huhtamo
,
Erkki
. “
Dismantling the Fairy Engine: Media Archaeology as Topos Study
.” In
Media Archaeology: Approaches, Applications, and Implications
, edited by
Erkki
Huhtamo
and
Jussi
Parikka
,
27
47
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
2011
.
Humphries
,
Patrick
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
June
19
,
1982
.
Hunt
,
Michael
. “
Why the Cassette Tape Is Still Not Dead
.”
Rolling Stone
,
April
18
,
2016
. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/why-the-cassette-tape-is-still-not-dead-48276/.
Hurwitz
,
Jack
. “
Letters
,”
Option
,
July
1989
.
Hust
,
Lloyd B.
A Combination Phonograph-Tape Recorder
.”
Radio and Television News
,
November
1951
.
Hyde
,
Lewis
.
The Gift: Imagination and the Erotic Life of Property
.
New York
:
Random House
,
1983
.
Impey
,
Angela
. “
Keeping in Touch via Cassette: Tracing Dinka Songs from Cattle Camp to Transnational Audio-Letter
.”
Journal of African Cultural Studies
25
, no.
2
(
2013
):
197
210
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), F, Summer
1981
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), H, Winter
1981
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), M,
September/October
1982
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia: WA
), N,
November/December
1982
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), Q,
May/June
1983
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), R,
July/August
1983
.
Ingels
,
Graham
. “
Castanets
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), V,
March/April
1984
.
Ingram
,
Matthew
. “
Here Comes the Flood: The Lo-Fi Vision of R. Stevie Moore
.”
Wired
,
June
2012
.
Irwin
,
Colin
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
April
17
,
1982
.
Jakobovits
,
Leon
. “
Studies of Fads: I. The ‘Hit Parade.’
Psychological Reports
18
, no.
2
(
1966
):
443
50
.
James
,
Robin
, ed.
Cassette Mythos
.
Brooklyn
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
James
,
Zachary
. “
Sean Bohrman of Burger Records: The TVD Interview
.” The Vinyl District,
March
12
,
2012
. https://www.thevinyldistrict.com/losangeles/2012/03/seanbohrman/.
Jansen
,
Bas
. “
Where Credit Is Due: Cultural Practices of Recorded Music
.
” PhD thesis, Amsterdam School for Cultural Analysis, University of Amsterdam
,
2011
.
Jarnow
,
Jesse
.
Big Day Coming: Yo La Tengo and the Rise of Indie Rock
.
New York
:
Gotham
,
2012
.
Jensen
,
Ron
. “
Local Music Critic Promotes ‘Fresh Sounds’ of Midwest
.”
Lawrence Journal World
(
Lawrence
,
KS
),
January
7
,
1982
.
Johns
,
Adrian
.
Piracy: The Intellectual Property Wars from Gutenberg to Gates
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
2010
.
Johnson
,
Calvin
. “
Love Songs for Lamps
.”
The Believer
, no.
91
,
July/August
2012
.
Johnson
,
Calvin
. “
You're in Charge
.” In
Sub Pop USA: The Subterranean Pop Music Anthology, 1980–1988
, edited by
Bruce
Pavitt
,
135
36
.
Brooklyn
:
Bazillion Points
,
2014
.
Johnston
,
Daniel
. “
Living Life
.” Track 11 on Welcome to My World: The Music of Daniel Johnston (CD). Eternal Yip Eye Music EYE110, 2006.
Jones
,
Allan
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
November
13
,
1982
.
Jones
,
Steve
. “
The Cassette Underground
.”
Popular Music and Society
14
, no.
1
(
1990
):
75
84
.
Jones
,
Steve
.
Rock Formation: Music, Technology, and Mass Communication
.
Newbury Park, CA
:
Sage
,
1992
.
Joseph
,
Lee
. Liner notes for Valley Fever, by various artists (cassette). Iconoclast International, 1982.
Jovanovic
,
Rob
.
Big Star: The Story of Rock's Forgotten Band
.
New York
:
Fourth Estate
,
2005
.
Juno
,
Andrea
.
Angry Women in Rock
.
New York
:
Juno
,
1996
.
Just Be Thankful You Didn't Have to Mail 30,000 of Them Out
.”
New Musical Express
,
April
11
,
1981
.
Kajikawa
,
Loren
.
Sounding Race in Rap Songs
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
2015
.
Kamp
,
David
, and
Steven
Daly
.
The Rock Snob's Dictionary: An Essential Lexicon of Rockological Knowledge
.
London
:
Sanctuary
,
2005
.
Katz
,
Mark
.
Groove Music: The Art and Culture of the Hip-Hop DJ
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2012
.
Katz
,
Michael L.
, and
Carl
Shapiro
. “
Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalities
.”
Journal of Political Economy
94
, no.
4
(
1986
):
822
41
.
Keightley
,
Keir
. “
‘Turn It Down!’ She Shrieked: Gender, Domestic Space, and High Fidelity, 1948–59
.”
Popular Music
15
, no.
2
(
1996
):
149
77
.
Kernfeld
,
Barry
.
Pop Song Piracy: Disobedient Music Distribution since 1929
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
2011
.
Kirkeby
,
Marc
. “
The Pleasures of Home Taping
.”
Rolling Stone
,
October
2
,
1980
.
Kiviat
,
Steve
. “
Linda Smith
.”
Option
,
November
1990
.
Klaess
,
John
.
Breaks in the Air: The Birth of Rap Radio in New York City
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2022
.
Klein
,
Bethany
. “
Dancing about Architecture: Popular Music Criticism and the Negotiation of Authority
.”
Popular Communication
3
, no.
1
(
2005
):
1
20
.
Klein
,
Bethany
.
Selling Out: Culture, Commerce and Popular Music
.
New York
:
Bloomsbury
,
2020
.
Klein
,
Bethany
, and
Leslie
Meier
. “
In Sync? Music Supervisors, Music Placement Practices, and Industrial Change
.” In
The Routledge Companion to Screen Music and Sound
, edited by
Miguel
Mera
,
Ronald
Sadoff
, and
Ben
Winters
,
281
90
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2017
.
Knopper
,
Steve
.
Appetite for Self-Destruction: The Spectacular Crash of the Record Industry in the Digital Age
.
New York
:
Free Press
,
2009
.
Kondo
,
Toshitaka
. “
Supply and Demand
.”
Vibe
, August
2004
.
Kot
,
Greg
.
Ripped: How the Wired Generation Revolutionized Music
.
New York
:
Scribner
,
2009
.
Krentz
,
Katie
. “
Barely a Mixtape
.” In
Cassettes from My Ex: Stories and Soundtracks of Lost Loves
, edited by
Jason
Bitner
,
184
86
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
2009
.
Kruse
,
Holly
.
Site and Sound: Understanding Independent Music Scenes
.
New York
:
Peter Lang
,
2003
.
K-tel
,
Michele
. “
Interview with Kathy McCarty
.”
Cool Beans!
(
zine
:
San Francisco
), no.
5
,
1995
.
Lanegan
,
Mark
.
Sing Backwards and Weep
.
New York
:
Hachette
,
2021
.
Last
,
Bob
. “
Why I Won't Be Joining the BPI
.”
New Musical Express
,
November
8
,
1980
.
Laurel
,
Charles
. “
Letters
.”
Option
,
May
1989
.
Lavin
,
Will
. “
Cassette Tape Production Delayed Due to Global Shortage of Materials
.”
New Musical Express
,
October
12
,
2019
. https://www.nme.com/news/music/cassette-tape-production-delayed-due-global-shortage-materials-2556568.
Lawrence
,
Tim
.
Life and Death on the New York Dance Floor, 1980–1983
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2016
.
Ledsom
,
Alex
. “
The Walkman and Cassette Tapes Are Making a Comeback
.”
Forbes
,
January
19
,
2020
. https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexledsom/2020/01/19/the-walkman-and-cassette-tapes-are-making-a-comeback/?sh=731fccf950ad.
Leland
,
Blake
. “
Voodoo Economics: Sticking Pins in Eros
.”
Diacritics
18
, no.
2
(
1988
):
38
46
.
Letters
.”
Op
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), V,
March/April
1984
.
Lewis
,
Dash
. “
Grouper: Shade
.”
Resident Advisor
,
October
26
,
2021
. https://ra.co/reviews/34390.
Liberty Music Shops
. “
Carry-Corder 510
” (advertisement).
New York Times
,
November
1
,
1964
.
Lips
,
Brad
. “
We'll Take the Lo Road
.”
Option
,
November–December
1994
.
Lowe
,
Jeanne R.
Tape Recorder Spurs New Interests for Audio-Minded Home Owners
.”
Musical America
,
March
1955
.
MacKinnon
,
Don
. “
Mixtapes: The Future of Curation?
” Medium,
February
12
,
2015
. https://medium.com/cuepoint/consider-the-mix-tape-9f37839c1246.
Madianou
,
Mirca
, and
Daniel
Miller
. “
Crafting Love: Letters and Cassette Tapes in Transnational Filipino Family Communication
.”
South East Asia Research
19
, no.
2
(
2011
):
249
72
.
Magnetic Tape Newsletter, no. 10 (April 29, 1955). From 3M Company: An Inventory of Its Corporate Records, location 132.G.13.2F, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
Makagon
,
Daniel
, and
Mark
Neumann
.
Recording Culture: Audio Documentary and the Ethnographic Experience
.
Thousand Oaks, CA
:
Sage
,
2009
.
Malsky
,
Matthew
. “
Stretched from Manhattan's Back Alley to MOMA: A Social History of Magnetic Tape and Recording
.” In
Music and Technoculture
, edited by
Rene T. A.
Lysloff
and
Leslie C. Gay
Jr
.,
233
63
.
Middletown, CT
:
Wesleyan University Press
,
2003
.
Mangum
,
Jeff
. Liner notes for
Hype-City Soundtrack
, by Neutral Milk Hotel (cassette).
Elephant Six Recording Co.
,
1993
.
Manuel
,
Peter
.
Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
1993
.
Marcus
,
Sara
.
Girls to the Front: The True Story of the Riot Grrrl Revolution
.
New York
:
HarperCollins
,
2010
.
Margasak
,
Peter
. “
The Short Stories of Refrigerator, or, ‘Mommy, What's a Shrimper?’
Butt Rag
(
zine
:
Chicago
), no.
8
,
May
1993
.
Margulis
,
Elizabeth Hellmuth
.
On Repeat: How Music Plays the Mind
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2013
.
Marshall
,
Lee
. “
The Effects of Piracy upon the Music Industry: A Case Study of Bootlegging
.”
Media, Culture, and Society
26
, no.
2
(
2004
):
163
81
.
Marshall
,
Lee
. “
For and Against the Record Industry: An Introduction to Bootleg Collectors and Tape Traders
.”
Popular Music
22
, no.
1
(
2002
):
57
72
.
Marshall
,
Scott
. “
Long Live the Humble Audio Cassette: A Eulogy
.” In
Sounding Off! Music as Subversion/Resistance/Revolution
, edited by
Ron
Sakolsky
and
Fred Wei-Han
Ho
,
211
14
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1995
.
Massinon
,
Pascal
. “
Active Listening: The Cultural Politics of Magnetic Recording Technologies in North America
,
1945–1993
.” PhD diss.,
University of Michigan
,
2016
.
Mattson
,
Kevin
.
We're Not Here to Entertain: Punk Rock, Ronald Reagan, and the Real Culture War of 1980s America
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2020
.
Mayhugh
,
Tom
. “
The Death of Magnetic Tape
.”
Evil Minded
(
zine
:
Lexington, KY
), no.
6
,
2011
.
McConnell
,
Kathleen
. “
The Handmade Tale: Cassette Tapes, Authorship, and the Privatization of the Pacific Northwest Independent Music Scene
.” In
The Resisting Muse: Popular Music and Social Protest
, edited by
Ian
Peddie
,
163
76
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2006
.
McCourt
,
Tom
, and
Nabeel
Zuberi
. “
Music and Discovery
.”
Popular Communication
14
, no.
3
(
2016
):
123
26
.
McGee
,
Hal
. “
Foreword
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
, vii.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
McGee
,
Hal
. “
Letters
.”
Sound Choice
(
zine
:
Ojai, CA
), no.
1
,
January/February
1985
.
McIntyre
,
Hugh
. “
Cassette Sales Grew by 74% In 2016
.”
Forbes
,
January
25
,
2017
. https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2017/01/25/cassette-sales-grew-by-74-in-2016/?sh=e8082dc1fd0d.
McIver
,
Joel
.
Justice for All: The Truth about Metallica
.
London
:
Omnibus
,
2004
.
McLeod
,
Kembrew
.
Freedom of Expression®: Overzealous Copyright Bozos and Other Enemies of Creativity
.
New York
:
Doubleday
,
2005
.
McLeod
,
Kembrew
, and
Peter
DiCola
.
Creative License: The Law and Culture of Digital Sampling
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2011
.
McManus
,
Terry
. “
Singles Are Key to the Record-Buying Habit
.”
Billboard
,
December
27
,
1997
.
McMurray
,
Jacob
.
Taking Punk to the Masses: From Nowhere to Nevermind
.
Seattle, WA
:
Fantagraphics
,
2011
.
McMurray
,
Peter
. “
Once Upon a Time: A Superficial History of Early Tape
.”
Twentieth-Century Music
14
, no.
1
(
2017
):
25
48
.
McNaughton
,
Allan
. “
Future Sound of the Seventies Past
.”
Maximumrocknroll
,
November
2010
.
Mehr
,
Bob
.
Trouble Boys: The True Story of the Replacements
.
Boston
:
Da Capo
,
2016
.
Meloy
,
Colin
.
Let It Be
.
New York
:
Continuum
,
2004
.
Meno
,
Joe
.
Hairstyles of the Damned
.
Chicago
:
Punk Planet
,
2004
.
Meyer
,
Bill
. “
Goat Ease
.”
Puncture
(
zine
:
Portland, OR
), no.
31
, Fall
1994
.
Michel
,
A. J.
Tape Heads, or, Why Mix CDs Are No Fun
.”
Low Hug
(
zine
:
Philadelphia
), nos.
5–6
,
2001
.
Milano
,
Brett
.
The Sound of Our Town: A History of Boston Rock and Roll
.
Beverly, MA
:
Commonwealth Editions
,
2007
.
Millard
,
Andre
.
America on Record: A History of Recorded Sound
. 2nd ed.
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
,
2005
.
Millard
,
Andre
. “
Tape Recording and Music Making
.” In
Music and Technology in the Twentieth Century
, edited by
Hans-Joachim
Braun
,
158
67
.
Baltimore, MD
:
Johns Hopkins University Press
,
2002
.
Milo
,
Jeff
. “
Label Profiling: Burger Records
.”
Tiny Mix Tapes
,
August
17
,
2010
. https://www.tinymixtapes.com/features/label-profiling-burger-records.
Moore
,
R. Stevie
. “
Frank Jones Interview
.” Track 4 on Stevie Moore Returns (cassette). NT15. R. Stevie Moore Cassette Club 1982.
Moore
,
Sam
. “
Who the Hell Is Buying Cassettes in 2020?
New Musical Express
,
July
21
,
2020
. https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/cassettes-resurgence-103-percent-increase-2711548.
Moore
,
Thurston
. “
Love (and Ego)
.” In
Mix Tape: The Art of Cassette Culture
, edited by
Thurston
Moore
, 43.
New York
:
Universe
,
2005
.
Moore
,
Thurston
, ed.
Mix Tape: The Art of Cassette Culture
.
New York
:
Universe
,
2005
.
Morgan
,
Benjamin
. “
Revenue, Access, and Engagement via the In-House Curated Spotify Playlist in Australia
.”
Popular Communication
18
, no.
1
(
2020
):
32
47
.
Morris
,
Jeremy Wade
. “
Music Platforms and the Optimization of Culture
.”
Social Media + Society
6
, no.
3
(
2020
):
1
10
.
Morris
,
Jeremy Wade
.
Selling Digital Music, Formatting Culture
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
2015
.
Morse
,
Erik
.
Spacemen 3 and the Birth of Spiritualized
.
London
:
Omnibus
,
2004
.
Morton
,
David
.
Off the Record: The Technology and Culture of Sound Recording in America
.
New Brunswick, NJ
:
Rutgers University Press
,
2000
.
Morton
,
David L.
‘The Rusty Ribbon’: John Herbert Orr and the Making of the Magnetic Recording Industry, 1945–1960
.”
Business History Review
67
, no.
4
(
1993
):
589
622
.
Morton
,
David L.
Jr.
Sound Recording: The Life Story of a Technology
.
Westport, CT
:
Greenwood
,
2004
.
Mullin
,
John T.
Creating the Craft of Tape Recording
.”
High Fidelity
,
April
1976
.
Murch
,
Walter
. “
Foreword
.” In
Audio-Vision: Sound on Screen
, by
Michel
Chion
,
vii
xxiv
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
,
1994
.
Murray
,
Charles Shaar
. “
The Clash: Up the Hill Backwards
.”
New Musical Express
,
May
29
,
1982
.
Music Maker for the Masses
.”
Business Week
,
February
24
,
1968
.
Nathan
,
John
.
Sony: A Private Life
.
Boston
:
Houghton Mifflin
,
1999
.
Needs
,
Kris
. “
Don't Touch That Dial!
Mojo
,
November
2008
.
Nelson
,
Havelock
. “
Ron G's Large Sphere of Influence
.”
Billboard
,
August
14
,
1993
.
Neumann
,
Mark
, and
Tim
Simpson
. “
Smuggled Sound: Bootleg Recording and the Pursuit of Popular Memory
.”
Symbolic Interaction
20
, no.
4
(
1997
):
319
41
.
Newman
,
Andrew Adam
. “
Say So Long to an Old Companion: Cassette Tapes
.”
New York Times
,
July
28
,
2008
.
Nichol
,
Lucy
.
The Twenty Seven Club: A Humorous Tale of Music Myths, Mental Health, and Friendship
.
N.p.
:
Lark
,
2021
.
Norelco (advertisement). Billboard, April 8, 1967.
Novak
,
David
.
Japanoise: Music at the Edge of Circulation
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2013
.
Noz.
A (Not at All Definitive) History of Hip Hop Mixtapes
.” Red Bull Music Academy,
June
12
,
2013
. https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2013/06/history-of-mixtapes-feature.
O'Brien
,
Geoffrey
.
Sonata for Jukebox
.
New York
:
Counterpoint
,
2004
.
O'Brien
,
Robert
. “
Magnetic Tape Reels Off Changes in the Way We Live
.”
Life
,
August
19
,
1957
.
O'Connor
,
Alan
.
Punk Record Labels and the Struggle for Autonomy: The Emergence of DIY
.
Lanham, MD
:
Lexington
,
2008
.
O'Kelly
,
Terence
. “
Don't Blame Cassette Decline on CD
.”
Billboard
,
November
21
,
1992
.
Olivarez-Giles
,
Nathan
. “
Why Cassette Tapes Are Making a Comeback
.”
Wall Street Journal
,
March
9
,
2017
.
Olson
,
Mark J. V.
‘Everybody Loves Our Town’: Scenes, Spatiality, Migrancy
.” In
Mapping the Beat: Popular Music and Contemporary Theory
, edited by
Thomas
Swiss
and
John M.
Sloop
,
269
89
.
Malden, MA
:
Blackwell
,
1998
.
Olsson
,
Jesper
. “
The Audiographic Impulse: Doing Literature with the Tape Recorder
.” In
Audiobooks, Literature, and Sound Studies
, edited by
Matthew
Rubery
,
61
75
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2011
.
Oswald
,
John
. “
Cassetricity
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
1
2
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Owen
,
Charles
. “
Join a Tape Club
.”
Magnetic Film and Tape Recording
,
December
1955
.
Owen
,
Frank
. “
Street DJs Bring Live Flava Back to Hip-Hop
.”
Village Voice
,
October
25
,
1994
.
Owerko
,
Lyle
.
The Boombox Project: The Machines, the Music, and the Urban Underground
.
New York
:
Abrams Image
,
2014
.
Palmer
,
Robert
. “
The Pop Life: Records Being Produced in Array of New Formats
.”
New York Times
,
November
24
,
1982
.
Pareles
,
Jon
. “
Issue and Debate: Royalties on Recorders and Blank Audio Tapes
.”
New York Times
, November 21,
1985
.
Pareles
,
Jon
. “
Low-Fi Rockers
.”
New York Times
,
April
11
,
1993
.
Pareles
,
Jon
. “
Record-It-Yourself Music on Cassette
.”
New York Times
,
May
11
,
1987
.
Pavitt
,
Bruce
. Liner notes for Sub Pop 5, by various artists (cassette). Sub Pop, 1981.
Pavitt
,
Bruce
. “
New Pop Manifesto
.”
Sub Pop
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), no.
1
,
May
1980
.
Pavitt
,
Bruce
.
Sub Pop
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), no.
4
,
June
1981
.
Pavitt
,
Bruce
. “
Welcome to Sub Pop Country
.” In
Sub Pop USA: The Subterranean Pop Music Anthology, 1980–1988
, edited by
Bruce
Pavitt
,
7
8
.
Brooklyn
:
Bazillion Points
,
2014
.
Pease
,
Adam
, and Ryan
Short
,
dirs.
I'm Now: The Story of Mudhoney
.
Seattle
:
King of Hearts Productions
,
2012
.
Peckham
,
Anson
. “
Tape Recorders for Use in the Home
.”
New York Times
,
March
21
,
1954
.
Peisch
,
Jeffrey
. “
Cassettes Now Outselling LPs
.”
Rolling Stone
,
November
24
,
1983
.
Pelly
,
Jenn
.
The Raincoats
.
New York
:
Bloomsbury Academic
,
2020
.
Pelly
,
Jenn
, and
Liz
Pelly
. “
Secret Music
.”
Pitchfork
,
September
7
,
2013
. https://pitchfork.com/features/article/9213-cassette-labels/.
The People Setting Up a Cassette Label
.”
BBC News
,
May
3
,
2018
. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-oxfordshire-43961079.
Peraino
,
Judith
. “
I'll Be Your Mixtape: Lou Reed, Andy Warhol, and the Queer Intimacies of Cassettes
.”
Journal of Musicology
36
, no.
4
(
2019
):
401
36
.
Peters
,
John Durham
.
Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
1999
.
Piracy on Records
.”
Stanford Law Review
5
, no.
3
(
1953
):
433
58
.
Pollack
,
Neal
. “
Rock On? Yeah, in Chairs
.”
New York Times
,
September
1
,
2002
.
P-Orridge
,
Genesis
,
Peter
Christopherson
,
Cosey Fanni
Tutti
, and
Chris
Carter
. Liner notes for 24 Hours, by Throbbing Gristle (cassette). Industrial Records, 1980.
Pouncey
,
Edwin
. “
The Replacements Drink and Drive
.”
Sounds
,
November
9
,
1985
.
Powers
,
Ann
.
Good Booty: Love and Sex, Black and White, Body and Soul in American Music
.
New York
:
HarperCollins
,
2017
.
Powers
,
Ann
. “
I'll Have to Say I Love You in a Song
.” In
Stars Don't Stand Still in the Sky: Music and Myth
, edited by
Karen
Kelly
and
Evelyn
McDonnell
,
187
90
.
New York
:
New York University Press
,
1999
.
Powers
,
Ann
.
Weird Like Us: My Bohemian America
.
New York
:
Simon and Schuster
,
2000
.
Prescott
,
Dave
. “
Impacts of the Indie Glut
.”
Electronic Cottage
(
zine
:
Apollo Beach, FL
), no.
1
,
April
1989
.
Pye
,
Ian
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
May
29
,
1982
.
Ratzlaff
,
Angela
. “
Selling New Rock 'n’ Roll in an Old-School Format
.”
Orange County Register
,
May
7
,
2015
.
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
. “
2021 Year-End Music Industry Revenue Report
.”
RIAA News
,
March
9
,
2022
. https://www.riaa.com/2021-year-end-music-industry-revenue-report-riaa/.
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
. “
U.S. Sales Database
.” Accessed
July
21
,
2022
. https://www.riaa.com/u-s-sales-database/.
Reelin’ in the Years: Cassette Tapes Still Have Their Devotees
.”
Los Angeles Times
,
August
9
,
2007
.
Regev
,
Motti
, and
Edwin
Seroussi
.
Popular Music and National Culture in Israel
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
2004
.
Reice
,
Sylvia
. “
A Reel Winner
.”
American Home
,
November
1971
.
Reynolds
,
J. R.
Labels Debate Effects of Mix-Tapes, a Rap Promo Tool
.”
Billboard
,
November
5
,
1994
.
Reynolds
,
Simon
.
Blissed Out: The Raptures of Rock
.
London: Serpent's Tail
,
1990
.
Reynolds
,
Simon
.
Retromania: Pop Culture's Addiction to Its Own Past
.
New York
:
Farrar, Straus, and Giroux
,
2011
.
Reynolds
,
Simon
. “
Sex Gang Children: Malcolm McLaren, the Pied Piper of Pantomime Pop
.” In
Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk, 1978–1984
,
246
60
.
New York
:
Penguin
,
2006
.
Richards
,
Keith
.
Life
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
,
2010
.
Richburg
,
Keith
. “
Survival of Copyright Royalty Panel Threatened
.”
Washington Post
,
May
13
,
1985
.
Richman
,
Karen
, and
Terry
Rey
. “
Congregating by Cassette: Recording and Participation in Transnational Haitian Religious Rituals
.”
International Journal of Cultural Studies
12
, no.
2
(
2009
):
149
66
.
Rose
,
Tricia
.
Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America
.
Middletown, CT
:
Wesleyan University Press
,
1994
.
Rothenbuhler
,
Eric W.
Programming Decision Making in Popular Music Radio
.”
Communication Research
12
, no.
2
(
1985
):
209
32
.
Rothman
,
Lily
. “
Rewound
.”
Time
, Aug. 12,
2013
. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,2148631,00.html.
Rubin
,
Nick
. “
‘College Radio’: The Development of a Trope in U.S. Student Broadcasting
.”
Interactions: Studies in Communication and Culture
6
, no.
1
(
2015
):
47
64
.
Ruland
,
Jim
.
Do What You Want: The Story of Bad Religion
.
New York
:
Hachette
,
2020
.
Rumsey
,
Francis
, and
Tim
McCormick
.
Sound and Recording: An Introduction
.
Burlington, MA
:
Focal
,
1994
.
Rys
,
Dan
. “
Mixtapes and Money: Inside the Mainstreaming of Hip-Hop's Shadow Economy
.”
Billboard
,
January
26
,
2017
. https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/mixtapes-money-hip-hop-shadow-economy-mainstream-7669109/.
Sailingstone. Comment on Black Dresses
,
Forever in Your Heart
,
March
14
,
2022
. https://www.discogs.com/release/17980402-Black-Dresses-Forever-In-Your-Heart-.
Salkind
,
Micah
.
Do You Remember House? Chicago's Queer of Color Undergrounds
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2019
.
Samuels
,
Anita M.
New Urban Art Form, Old Copyright Problem
.”
New York Times
,
November
4
,
1996
.
Sanneh
,
Kelefa
. “
Mixtape Crackdown Sends a Mixed Message
.”
New York Times
,
June
16
,
2005
.
Sante
,
Lucy
. “
Disco Dreams
.”
New York Review of Books
,
May
13
,
2004
.
Santo
,
Jim
. “
Demorandum
,”
Alternative Press
(
zine
:
Cleveland, OH
), no.
30
,
July
1990
.
Sarser
,
David
. “
Tape, Disks, and Coexistence
.”
High Fidelity
,
March
1955
.
Savage
,
Jon
.
England's Dreaming: Anarchy, Sex Pistols, Punk Rock, and Beyond
.
New York
:
St. Martin's
,
1992
.
Schatz
,
Lake
, and
Wren
Graves
. “
Burger Records Employees, Artists Accused of Rampant Sexual Misconduct
.”
Consequence of Sound
,
July
20
,
2020
. https://consequence.net/2020/07/burger-record-artists-sexual-misconduct/.
Schensul
,
Jill
. “
Small Record Labels Put Chance for Fame within Artists’ Reach
.”
Arizona Daily Star
(Tucson),
August
22
,
1982
.
Schloss
,
Joseph
.
Making Beats: The Art of Sample-Based Hip-Hop
.
Middletown, CT
:
Wesleyan University Press
,
2014
.
Schoenmakers
,
Johannes J. M. Magazine Tape
Recorder/Reproducer
. US Patent 3,394,899, filed
October
28
,
1964
, issued July 30,
1968
.
Schrage
,
Michael
. “
The War against Home Taping
.”
Rolling Stone
,
September
16
,
1982
.
Schwartz
,
Tony
. “
Communicating with Tape
.”
HiFi/Stereo Review
,
March
1962
.
Scribner
,
Sara
. “
The Big Shrimp
.”
New Times LA
,
January
14
,
1999
.
Semisonic Wants Fans to Sing the Band to Sleep for New Video
.”
MTV News
,
June
29
,
1998
. https://www.mtv.com/news/ngq7kh/semisonic-wants-fans-to-sing-the-band-to-sleep-for-new-video.
Shalvoy
,
Jessica
. “
Burger Records Co-founder Steps Down after Multiple Sexual Misconduct Allegations against Label
.”
Variety
,
July
21
,
2020
. https://variety.com/2020/music/news/burger-records-lee-rickard-sexual-misconduct-1234712212/.
Shaney
,
A. C.
Elements of Single and Dual Track Magnetic Tape Recording and 1001 Applications
.
New York
:
Amplifier Corp. of America
,
1950
.
Shank
,
Barry
.
Dissonant Identities: The Rock 'n’ Roll Scene in Austin, Texas
.
Middletown, CT
:
Wesleyan University Press
,
1994
.
Sheffield
,
Rob
.
Love Is a Mix Tape: Life and Loss, One Song at a Time
.
New York
:
Crown
,
2007
.
Shepard
,
Anna
. “
Should I Chuck Away My Unwanted Audio Cassettes?
Times
(London),
November
18
,
2006
.
Shepherd
,
Julianne Escobedo
. “
Tower Records Doc Confirms There's Historical Precedent for Condescending Male Record Store Clerks
.”
Jezebel
,
May
12
,
2016
. https://jezebel.com/tower-records-doc-confirms-theres-historical-precedent-1776328380.
Sinker
,
Mark
. “
Youssou N'Dour: Voix d'Afrique
.”
New Musical Express
,
May
31
,
1986
.
Skågeby
,
Jörgen
. “
Slow and Fast Music Media: Comparing Values of Cassettes and Playlists
.”
Transformations: Journal of Media and Culture
20
(
2011
):
1
12
.
Slack
,
Jennifer Daryl
, and
J. Macgregor
Wise
.
Culture and Technology: A Primer
.
New York
:
Peter Lang
,
2005
.
Smith
,
Giles
.
Lost in Music: A Pop Odyssey
.
London
:
Picador
,
1995
.
Smith
,
Joe
. “
An Open Letter to Broadcasters
.”
Billboard
,
October
27
,
1979
.
Sokol
,
Zach
. “
Cassette Tapes Are Almost Cool Again
.”
Motherboard
,
August
13
,
2013
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/vvv9qm/cassette-tapes-are-almost-cool-again-5886b6eab70b0245b1239526.
Sonnichsen
,
Tyler
.
Capitals of Punk: DC, Paris, and Circulation in the Urban Underground
.
London
:
Palgrave Macmillan
,
2019
.
Sorcinelli
,
Gino
. “
Press Pause: The History of Pause Tape Production
.” Red Bull Music Academy,
April
24
,
2019
. https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2019/04/pause-tape-production-feature.
Sorg
,
Lisa
. “
‘Son of Segments’ Given New Life in 90s
.”
Herald-Times
(
Bloomington, IN
),
March
14
,
1997
.
Sounds Worth Saving
.”
House and Garden
,
December
1953
.
Spencer
,
Neil
. “
Malcolm and Bernard: Rock 'n’ Roll Scoundrels
.”
New Musical Express
,
August
9
,
1980
.
Sperrazza
,
Gary
. “
Crib Death
.”
New York Rocker
,
September
1981
.
Spheeris
,
Penelope
. “
Rodney Bingenheimer
.”
No Mag
(
zine
:
Los Angeles
), no.
9
,
1982
.
Spitz
,
Julia
. “
Turned Off by Radio Switch
.”
MetroWest Daily News
(
Framingham, MA
),
July
16
,
2009
.
Stagg
,
Elisabeth
. “
New Security System Could Bypass Continuing Debate on Cassette Packaging
.”
Billboard
,
March
15
,
1986
.
Stasik
,
Pennie
. “
How the Music Industry Is Killing Music
.”
The Bob
(
zine
:
Wilmington, DE
),
March/April
1986
.
Stasik
,
Pennie
, and
Mark
Edwards
. “
On Popularity and the Myth of Adolescence
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
37
38
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Staub
,
Ian
. “
Redubbing the Underground: Cassette Culture in Transition
.” Honor's thesis,
Wesleyan College
,
2010
.
Sterne
,
Jonathan
.
MP3: The Meaning of a Format
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2012
.
Stoever-Ackerman
,
Jennifer
. “
Splicing the Sonic Color-Line: Tony Schwartz Remixes Postwar Nueva York
.”
Social Text
28
, no.
1
(
2010
):
59
85
.
Stosuy
,
Brandon
. “
Sebadoh, The Freed Man
.”
Pitchfork
,
July
20
,
2007
. https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/10448-the-freed-man/.
Strauss
,
Neil
. “
Putting the Net Over Networking
.” In
Cassette Mythos
, edited by
Robin
James
,
130
32
.
New York
:
Autonomedia
,
1992
.
Straw
,
Will
. “
Sizing Up Record Collections: Gender and Connoisseurship in Rock Music Culture
.” In
Sexing the Groove: Popular Music and Gender
, edited by
Sheila
Whiteley
,
3
16
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
1997
.
Straw
,
Will
. “
Systems of Articulation, Logics of Change: Communities and Scenes in Popular Music
.”
Cultural Studies
5
, no.
3
(
1991
):
366
88
.
Stubbs
,
David
.
Mars by 1980: The Story of Electronic Music
.
London
:
Faber and Faber
,
2018
.
Supper
,
Alexandra
. “
Listening for the Hiss: Lo-Fi Liner Notes as Curatorial Practices
.”
Popular Music
37
, no.
2
(
2018
):
253
70
.
Survey Says One in 10 Young People Buy Cassette Tapes
.”
BBC Newsbeat
,
April
16
,
2014
. https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-27036235.
Sweeting
,
Adam
. “
Playback
.”
Melody Maker
,
October
16
,
1982
.
Sweeting
,
Adam
. “
Talking Herberts
.”
Melody Maker
,
July
17
,
1982
.
Szava-Kovats
,
Andrew
, dir.
Grindstone Redux
.
Lowell, MA
:
True Age Media
,
2009
.
Tabs Out Cassette Podcast
. “
Tape Label List
.” Accessed
July
21
,
2022
. https://www.tabsout.com/?page_id=15214.
Tapeworm (cassette-only label)
. “
The Tapeworm, the Bookworm, and the Wormhole
.” Accessed
July
21
,
2022
. http://www.tapeworm.org.uk/home.html.
Tapeyetta de Blanc
.”
New Musical Express
,
February
14
,
1981
.
Taylor
,
Timothy
. “
Burger Records: ‘Keeping the Teenage Spirit Alive.’
” In
Music and Capitalism: A History of the Present
,
161
76
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
,
2016
.
Taylor
,
Zack
, dir.
Cassette: A Documentary Mixtape
.
Cleveland, OH
:
Gravitas Ventures
,
2016
.
Thomas
,
Marshall
.
The Art behind the Tape
.
New York
:
Axiom Blue
,
2014
.
Thorn
,
Tracey
.
Bedsit Disco Queen: How I Grew Up and Tried to Be a Pop Star
.
London
:
Virago
,
2013
.
Thrills
,
Adrian
. “
Garageland
,”
New Musical Express
,
October
25
,
1980
.
Tomlin
,
Annie
. “
Summer Pickup
.” In
Cassettes from My Ex: Stories and Soundtracks of Lost Loves
, edited by
Jason
Bitner
,
38
39
. New York: St. Martin's,
2009
.
Tongson
,
Karen
. “
Empty Orchestra: The Karaoke Standard and Pop Celebrity
.”
Public Culture
27
, no.
1
(
2015
):
85
108
.
Toomey
,
Jenny
. “
Mix and Circulate (Or, This Is a Recording: I Think I Love You)
.”
Alternative Press
(
zine
:
Cleveland, OH
),
December
1995
.
Toop
,
David
.
Rap Attack 3: African Rap to Global Hip-Hop
.
London
:
Serpent's Tail
,
2000
.
Tow
,
Stephen
.
The Strangest Tribe: How a Group of Seattle Rock Bands Invented Grunge
.
Seattle
:
Sasquatch
,
2011
.
Trilling
,
Roger
. “
Her Master's Voice: Malcolm McLaren Teaches a New Dog Old Tricks
.”
New York Rocker
,
December
1981
.
Troitsky
,
Artemy
.
Back in the USSR: The True Story of Rock in Russia
.
Boston
:
Faber and Faber
,
1987
.
True
,
Everett
. “
Beck and Sebadoh: It's Saturday, It's Two O'clock and It's … Slackerjack!
Melody Maker
,
November
26
,
1994
.
True
,
Everett
.
Nirvana: The Biography
.
Boston
:
Da Capo
,
2009
.
Ugwu
,
Reggie
. “
Inside the Playlist Factory
.”
Buzzfeed
,
July
12
,
2016
. https://www.buzzfeed.com/reggieugwu/the-unsung-heroes-of-the-music-streaming-boom.
Universal City Studios v
.
Sony Corp
.
of America, 464 U.S.
417
(
1984
).
Unterberger
,
Richie
. “
Issue by Issue (An Editor's Parting Shot)
.”
Option
, July
1991
.
Unterberger
,
Richie
.
Unknown Legends of Rock 'n’ Roll
.
San Francisco
:
Miller Freeman
,
1998
.
Upchurch
,
Jenny
. “
Woman Asks How to Ditch Cassette Tapes and Cases
.”
Tennessean
(
Nashville
),
February
5
,
2010
.
US Congress
.
House Committee on the Judiciary
.
Prohibiting Piracy of Sound Recordings
. 92nd Cong., 1st Sess.
Washington, DC
:
US Government Printing Office
,
1971
.
US Congress
.
House Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice
.
Home Recording of Copyrighted Works
. 97th Cong, 2nd sess.
Washington, DC
:
US Government Printing Office
,
1983
.
US Congress
.
Office of Technology Assessment
.
Copyright and Home Copying: Technology Challenges the Law
.
Washington, DC
:
US Government Printing Office
,
1989
.
US Congress
.
Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks. Home Audio Recording Act. 99th Cong., 1st and 2nd Sess
.
Washington, DC
:
US Government Printing Office
,
1987
.
US Congress
.
Senate Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks
.
Video and Audio Home Taping
. 98th Cong., 1st Sess.
Washington, DC
:
US Government Printing Office
,
1984
.
Vail
,
Tobi
. “
Jigsaw #2
.”
My Jigsaw Scrapbook
(blog),
September
28
,
2009
. http://jigsawscrapbook.blogspot.com/2009/09/jigsaw-2.html.
Vail
,
Tobi
. “
6th Grade Enthusiazm!?!
Jigsaw
(
zine
:
Olympia, WA
), no.
2
,
1990
.
Van Buskirk
,
Eliot
. “
Social Media Began with Napster's Hot List
.”
Hypebot
,
April
23
,
2013
. https://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2013/04/social-music-began-with-napsters-hot-list.html.
Varian
,
Ethan
. “
The Hiss Is Back: The Growing Resurgence of Cassette Culture
.”
Performer Magazine
,
May
20
,
2015
. https://performermag.com/band-management/music-promotion/the-hiss-is-back-the-growing-resurgence-of-cassette-culture/.
Vesey
,
Alyxandra
. “
Selling Sonic Girlhood: Feminizing Indie Rock through Music Supervision on MTV's Awkward
.”
Journal of Cinema and Media Studies
60
, no.
5
(
2021
):
217
42
.
Walker
,
Rob
. “
Hitting Rewind on the Cassette Tape
.”
New York Times
,
April
23
,
2010
.
Wallis
,
Roger
, and
Krister
Malm
.
Big Sounds from Small Peoples: The Music Industry in Small Countries
.
London
:
Constable
,
1984
.
Walsh
,
Jim
.
The Replacements: All Over but the Shouting: An Oral History
.
St. Paul, MN
:
Voyageur
,
2009
.
Walsh
,
Ryan
. “
Spotify's Spam War Could Change How We Listen to Music
.”
Motherboard
,
February
2
,
2016
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/yp3vww/spotifys-spam-war-could-change-how-we-listen-to-music.
Warner
Communications
, Inc.
Home Taping: A Consumer Survey
.
New York
:
Warner Communications
,
1982
.
Warwick
,
Oli
. “
Electronics and Scuzz: A Discussion with Opal Tapes Boss Stephen Bishop
.”
Juno Daily
,
January
21
,
2013
. https://www.juno.co.uk/junodaily/2013/01/21/electronics-and-scuzz-a-discussion-with-opal-tapes-boss-stephen-bishop/.
Waterman
,
Bryan
.
Marquee Moon
.
New York
:
Continuum
,
2011
.
We Tape the Music—Seriously
” (advertisement).
New Musical Express
,
January
31
,
1981
.
Weiner
,
Jonah
. “
Street Legal
.”
Blender
,
November
2005
.
Westerberg
,
Paul
. Liner notes for The Shit Hits the Fans, by The Replacements (cassette). TTR 8443C. Twin/Tone Records, 1985.
Wiebe
,
Gerhart
. “
The Effect of Radio Plugging on Students’ Opinions of Popular Songs
.”
Journal of Applied Psychology
24
(
1941
):
721
27
.
Williams
,
Stephen
. “
For Car Cassette Decks, Play Time Is Over
.”
New York Times
,
February
4
,
2011
.
Williams
,
Stephen
. “
Japan Is Saying Goodbye to the Sony Cassette Walkman
.”
New York Times
,
October
28
,
2010
.
Willis
,
Paul
.
Common Culture: Symbolic Work at Play in the Everyday Cultures of the Young
.
Milton Keynes, UK
:
Open University Press
,
1990
.
Wilson
,
Dan
. “
Singing in My Sleep
.” Track 2 from Feeling Strangely Fine, by Semisonic (CD). MCA Records MCAD, 1998.
Wikstrom
,
Patrik
.
The Music Industry: Music in the Cloud
.
Cambridge, UK
:
Polity
,
2009
.
Winwood
,
Ian
.
Smash! Green Day, the Offspring, Bad Religion, NOFX, and the '90s Punk Explosion
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Da Capo
,
2018
.
Witt
,
Stephen
.
How Music Got Free: A Story of Obsession and Invention
.
New York
:
Penguin
,
2015
.
Wolk
,
Douglas
. “
Tape to Tape to Tape
.”
CMJ New Music Monthly
,
January
1995
.
Woodworth
,
Griffin Mead
. “
Hackers, Users, and Suits: Napster and Representations of Identity
.”
Popular Music and Society
27
, no.
2
(
2004
):
161
84
.
Xu
,
Chuan
. “
From Sonic Models to Sonic Hooligans: Magnetic Tape and the Unraveling of the Mao-Era Sound Regime, 1958–1983
.”
East Asian Science, Technology, and Society
13
, no.
3
(
2019
):
391
412
.
Yabroff
,
Jennie
. “
With This CD I Thee Wed
.”
New York Times
,
April
17
,
2005
.
Yankelovich, Skelly and White Inc
.
Why Americans Tape: A Survey of Home Audio Taping in the United States
.
Washington, DC
:
Audio Recording Rights Coalition
,
1982
.
Yarm
,
Mark
.
Everybody Loves Our Town: An Oral History of Grunge
.
New York
:
Crown Archetype
,
2011
.
Yoo
,
Noah
. “
Cassette Sales Grew 23% in 2018
.”
Pitchfork
,
January
17
,
2019
. https://pitchfork.com/news/cassette-sales-rose-35-in-2017/.
Zokol
,
Zach
. “
Cassette Tapes Are Almost Cool Again
.”
Motherboard
,
August
13
,
2013
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/vvv9qm/cassette-tapes-are-almost-cool-again-5886b6eab70b0245b1239526.
Zuberi
,
Nabeel
. “
The Record Shop
.” In
The Bloomsbury Handbook of Popular Music, Space and Place
, edited by
Geoff
Stahl
and
Mark
Percival
,
129
38
.
New York
:
Bloomsbury
,
2022
.
Close Modal

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal