In introducing the book, this section puts forth and defines three fundamental academic approaches: border studies, international relations and Indigenous studies, and international law. This introduction briefly summarizes each subsequent chapter within the four sections of the book, each of which compiles work on a different cross-section of the relationship between Indigenous Peoples and borders. The introduction sets parameters and definitions for terms that are used throughout the book. It lays a framework of international law and human rights standards by examining Indigenous Peoples' interactions. The introduction also asserts that the book intends to examine contemporary issues and propose future steps and, in doing so, spur dialogue informed by Indigenous Peoples' own needs and advocacy.