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Book Chapter

The Meaning of Drugs

Doi:
https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478027553-001
  • Published:
    November 2023
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.

Despite the massive policing effort and significant funds devoted to the War on Drugs, the drug problem continues. Most scholarship about the War on Drugs argues that it began in the early 1970s. The United States has, however, pursued a prohibitionist, supply-side approach to the control of drugs since the first decade of the twentieth century, and it has promoted that approach around the world. Exploring this longer history reveals some of the reasons the War on Drugs has persisted.

prohibition, narcotics, overdose
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Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 1
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Contents

The Long War on Drugs

The Long War on Drugs

By
Anne L. Foster
Anne L. Foster

Anne L. Foster is Associate Professor of History at Indiana State University, author of Projections of Power: The United States and Europe in Colonial Southeast Asia, 1919–1941, and coeditor of The American Colonial State in the Philippines: Global Perspectives, both also published by Duke University Press.

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Duke University Press
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478027553
Copyright:
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.
ISBN electronic:
978-1-4780-2755-3
Publication date:
2023
Chapter Contents

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References

Suggestions for Further Reading

Chapter 1
Benedict
,
Carol
.
Golden-Silk Smoke: A History of Tobacco in China, 1550–2010
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
2011
.
Google Scholar
 
Breen
,
Benjamin
.
The Age of Intoxication: Origins of the Global Drug Trade
.
Philadelphia
:
University of Pennsylvania Press
,
2019
.
Google Scholar
 
Courtwright
,
David T.
Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
,
2001
.
Google Scholar
 
Goodman
,
Jordan
, et al., eds.
Consuming Habits: Global and Historical Perspectives on How Cultures Define Drugs
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2007
.
Google Scholar
 
Mintz
,
Sidney W.
Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History
.
New York
:
Viking
,
1985
.
Google Scholar
 
Norton
,
Marcy
.
Sacred Gifts, Profane Pleasures: A History of Tobacco and Chocolate in the Atlantic World
.
Ithaca, NY
:
Cornell University Press
,
2008
.
Google Scholar
 
Zheng
,
Yangwen
.
Social Life of Opium in China
.
Cambridge, UK
:
Cambridge University Press
,
2005
.
Google Scholar
 
Chapter 2
Berridge
,
Virginia
.
Opium and the People: Opiate Use and Drug Control Policy in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century England
.
New York
:
Free Association Books
,
1999
.
Google Scholar
 
Courtwright
,
David T.
Dark Paradise: A History of Opiate Addiction in America
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
,
2001
.
Google Scholar
 
Kadia
,
Miriam Kingsberg
.
Moral Nation: Modern Japan and Narcotics in Global History
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
2014
.
Google Scholar
 
Madancy
,
Joyce A.
The Troublesome Legacy of Commissioner Lin: The Opium Trade and Opium Suppression in Fujian Province, 1820s–1920s
.
Harvard East Asian Monographs
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
,
2004
.
Google Scholar
 
Padwa
,
Howard
.
Social Poison: The Politics and Culture of Opiate Control in Britain and France, 1821–1926
.
Baltimore
:
Johns Hopkins University Press
,
2012
.
Google Scholar
 
Rimner
,
Steffen
.
Opium's Long Shadow: From Asian Revolt to Global Drug Control
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
,
2018
.
Google Scholar
 
Rush
,
James R.
Opium to Java: Revenue Farming and Chinese Enterprise in Colonial Indonesia, 1860–1910
.
Ithaca, NY
:
Cornell University Press
,
1990
.
Google Scholar
 
Chapter 3
Foster
,
Anne L.
 “
The Philippines, the United States, and the Origins of Global Narcotics Prohibition
.”
Social History of Alcohol and Drugs
33
, no.
1
(
March
2019
):
13
–
26
.
Google Scholar
 
Gootenberg
,
Paul
.
Andean Cocaine: The Making of a Global Drug
.
Chapel Hill
:
University of North Carolina Press
,
2008
.
Google Scholar
 
Kim
,
Diana S.
Empires of Vice: The Rise of Opium Prohibition across Southeast Asia
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
,
2020
.
Google Scholar
 
Pliley
,
Jessica R.
, et al., eds.
Global Anti-Vice Activism, 1890–1950: Fighting Drinks, Drugs, and “Immorality.”
New York
:
Cambridge University Press
,
2016
.
Google Scholar
 
Trocki
,
Carl A.
Opium, Empire and the Global Political Economy: A Study of the Asian Opium Trade, 1750–1950
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
1999
.
Google Scholar
 
Tyrrell
,
Ian R.
Reforming the World: The Creation of America's Moral Empire
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
,
2010
.
Google Scholar
 
Chapter 4
Abbenhuis
,
Maartje
.
The Hague Conferences and International Politics, 1898–1915
.
New York
:
Bloomsbury Academic
,
2019
.
Google Scholar
 
McAllister
,
William B.
Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: An International History
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2000
.
Google Scholar
 
Pedersen
,
Susan
.
The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
.
New York
:
Oxford University Press
,
2015
.
Google Scholar
 
Wright
,
Ashley
.
Opium and Empire in Southeast Asia: Regulating Consumption in British Burma
.
Houndmills, UK
:
Palgrave Macmillan
,
2014
.
Google Scholar
 
Chapter 5
Amador
,
José
.
Medicine and Nation Building in the Americas, 1890–1940
.
Nashville, TN
:
Vanderbilt University Press
,
2015
.
Google Scholar
 
Anderson
,
Warwick
.
Colonial Pathologies: American Tropical Medicine, Race, and Hygiene in the Philippines
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
,
2006
.
Google Scholar
 
Chakrabarti
,
Patik
.
Medicine and Empire, 1600–1960
.
Basingstoke, UK
:
Palgrave Macmillan
,
2014
.
Google Scholar
 
Dube
,
Francis
.
Public Health at the Border of Zimbabwe and Mozambique, 1890–1940: African Experiences in a Contested Space
.
Cham, Switzerland
:
Palgrave Macmillan
,
2020
.
Google Scholar
 
Monnais
,
Laurence
, and
Harold J.
Cook
.
Global Movements, Local Concerns: Medicine and Health in Southeast Asia
.
Singapore
:
National University of Singapore Press
,
2012
.
Google Scholar
 
Spillane
,
Joseph F.
Cocaine: From Medical Marvel to Modern Menace in the United States, 1884–1920
.
Baltimore
:
Johns Hopkins University Press
,
2002
.
Google Scholar
 
Chapter 6
Andreas
,
Peter
.
Killer High: A History of War in Six Drugs
.
Oxford
:
Oxford University Press
,
2020
.
Google Scholar
 
Harrison
,
Mark
.
Medicine and Victory: British Military Medicine in the Second World War
.
Oxford
:
Oxford University Press
,
2004
.
Google Scholar
 
McAllister
,
William B.
Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: An International History
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2000
.
Google Scholar
 
McCoy
,
Alfred W.
The Politics of Heroin: cia Complicity in the Global Drug Trade
.
Chicago
:
Lawrence Hill Books
,
2003
.
Google Scholar
 
Pembleton
,
Matthew
.
Containing Addiction: The Federal Bureau of Narcotics and the Origins of America's Global Drug War
.
Amherst
:
University of Massachusetts Press
,
2017
.
Google Scholar
 
Rasmussen
,
Nicolas
.
On Speed: From Benzedrine to Adderall
.
New York
:
New York University Press
,
2008
.
Google Scholar
 
Reiss
,
Suzanna
.
We Sell Drugs: The Alchemy of US Empire
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
,
2014
.
Google Scholar
 
Chapter 7
Bradford
,
James Tharin
.
Poppies, Politics, and Power: Afghanistan and the Global History of Drugs and Diplomacy
.
Ithaca, NY
:
Cornell University Press
,
2019
.
Google Scholar
 
Carey
,
Elaine
.
Women Drug Traffickers: Mules, Bosses, and Organized Crime
.
Albuquerque
:
University of New Mexico Press
,
2014
.
Google Scholar
 
McAllister
,
William B.
Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: An International History
.
New York
:
Routledge
,
2000
.
Google Scholar
 
McCoy
,
Alfred W.
The Politics of Heroin: cia Complicity in the Global Drug Trade
.
Chicago
:
Lawrence Hill Books
,
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