Mine waste areas in Johannesburg are so colossal that you can see them from space. These giant tailings piles have structured the city's spatial layout and infrastructures since its inception, with Black residents shunted downwind and downstream from the toxic mountains, a situation that still persists. The chapter develops the concept of residual governance more fully, outlining dynamics that obtain throughout the industrialized world. In South Africa, I argue that its adoption fortified racial inequality even after the end of apartheid, creating a wicked problem that became more intractable the longer it was ignored. Mine wastes in South Africa epitomize and fuel the slow violence of Anthropocene predicaments that plague the planet. The chapter presents the deep geological and human history of this area, readying the reader for the rest of the book.