The introduction describes the conceptualization of “Medina by the Bay” as a social geography, infrastructure, and analytic frame, drawing on the significance of Medina as a site of refuge and an emergent new society in Islamic history. In the San Francisco Bay Area and throughout Islamic history, formal and informal knowledge practices have been mobilized toward the survival of Islam as a tradition and toward the material and spiritual survival of Muslims themselves. The introduction outlines the specificity of the geographic, historical, and sociocultural infrastructures of the Bay Area that contribute to the forms of Islamic belief and practice that emerge from this metropolitan region. Throughout the text ethnocinematic scenes—multiple ethnographic vignettes, oral history accounts, and archival documents—are juxtaposed to narrate a radical relationality and metaphysics of ethnographic space and time to engender new ways of thinking and being.
Figures & Tables
Contents
Medina by the Bay: Scenes of Muslim Study and Survival
Duke University Press
Copyright:
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.
ISBN electronic:
978-1-4780-2723-2
Publication date:
2023
Chapter Contents
Advertisement
References
References
Abbas
, Asma
. 2014
. “In Terror, in Love, Out of Time
.” In At the Limits of Justice: Women of Colour on Terror
, edited by Suvendrini
Perera
and Sherene
Razack
, 503
–25
. Toronto
: University of Toronto Press
.
Abd-Allah
, Umar F.
2006
. A Muslim in Victorian America: The Life of Alexander Russell Webb
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.
Abdul Khabeer
, Su'ad
. 2016
. Muslim Cool: Race, Religion, and Hip Hop in the United States
. New York
: New York University Press
.
Abdul Khabeer
, Su'ad
. 2017a
. “Africa as Tradition in U.S. African American Muslim Identity
.” Journal of Africana Religions
5
, no. 1
: 26
–49
.Abdul Khabeer
, Su'ad
. 2017b
. “Suad Abdul Khabeer Responds to Amna Akbar and Jeanne Theoharis
.” Boston Review
. February
28
, 2017
. https://www.bostonreview.net/forum_response/suad-abdul-khabeer-suad-abdul-khabeer-responds-amna-akbar-and-jeanne/.Abdul Khabeer
, Su'ad
. 2018
. “To Be a (Young) Black Muslim Woman Intellectual
.” In With Stones in Our Hands: Writings on Muslims, Racism, and Empire
, 287
–97
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Abdullah
, Zain
. 2010
. Black Mecca: The African Muslims of Harlem
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.
Abu-Lughod
, Janet L.
1989
. Before European Hegemony: The World System a.d. 1250–1350
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.
Abu-Lughod
, Lila
. 1990
. “The Romance of Resistance: Tracing Transformations of Power through Bedouin Women
.” American Ethnologist
17
, no. 1
(Feb.
1990
): 41
–55
.Abu-Lughod
, Lila
. 2005
. Dramas of Nationhood: The Politics of Television in Egypt
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.
aclu
. 2010
. “aclu and Asian Law Caucus Seek Records on fbi Surveillance of Mosques and Use of Informants in Northern California
.” American Civil Liberties Union
. March
9
, 2010
. http://www.aclu.org/racial-justice-religion-belief/aclu-and-asian-law-caucus-seek-records-fbi-surveillance-mosques-and-u.
aclu
. 2012a
. “Mapping the fbi: Uncovering Abusive Surveillance and Racial Profiling
.” American Civil Liberties Union
. https://www.aclu.org/mapping-fbi-uncovering-abusive-surveillance-and-racial-profiling.aclu
. 2012b
. “aclu Eye on the fbi Alert—Mosque Outreach for Intelligence Gathering
.” American Civil Liberties Union
. https://www.aclu.org/other/aclu-eye-fbi-alert-mosque-outreach-intelligence-gathering.Agrama
, Hussein Ali
. 2012
. Questioning Secularism: Islam, Sovereignty, and the Rule of Law in Modern Egypt
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.
Ahmed
, Farah
. 2018
. “An Exploration of Naquib Al-Attas’ Theory of Islamic Education as Ta'dīb as an ‘Indigenous’ Educational Philosophy
.” Educational Philosophy and Theory
50
, no. 8
: 786
–94
.Ahmed
, Shahab
. 2017
. What Is Islam: The Importance of Being Islamic
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.
Aidi
, Hisham
. 2014
. Rebel Music: Race, Empire, and the New Muslim Youth Culture
. New York
: Pantheon Books
.
Aidi
, Hisham
. 2016
. “The Political Uses of Malcolm X's Image
.” The Nation
. July
12
. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/the-political-uses-of-malcolm-x-image/.Akins
, Damon B.
, and William J.
Bauer
, Jr. 2021
. We Are the Land: A History of Native California
. Oakland
: University of California Press
.
Akkad
, Moustapha
, director. The Lion of the Desert
. 1980
. YouTube video, 02:53. October
13
, 2019
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zUBLjAAgWg.
Alcoff
, Linda Martín
. 2011
. “An Epistemology for the Next Revolution
.” Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World
1
, no. 2
: 67
–78
.Alexander
, M. Jacqui
. 2005
. Pedagogies of Crossing: Meditations on Feminism, Sexual Politics, Memory, and the Sacred
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Alhassen
, Maytha
. 2010
. “The Liquor Store Wars
.” CounterPunch.Org. July
23
. https://www.counterpunch.org/2010/07/23/the-liquor-store-wars/.
Alhazen
, Ibn
, and A. I.
Sabra
. 1989
. The Optics of Ibn Al-Haytham. Books I–III, On Direct Vision
. 2
vols. London
: University of London
.
Ali
, Abdullah bin Hamid
. 2019a
. “How Islamic Is Critical Race Theory?
” Lamppost Education Initiative
(blog). June
13
. https://lamppostedu.org/critical-race-theory.Ali
, Abdullah bin Hamid
. 2019b
. The “Negro” in Arab-Muslim Consciousness
. Swansea, UK
: Claritas Books
.
Ali
, Abdullah Yusuf
. 2002
. The Meaning of the Holy Qurʾan
. Beltsville, MD
: Amana Publications
.
Ali
, Arshad Imtiaz
. 2016
. “Citizens under Suspicion: Responsive Research with Community under Surveillance
.” Anthropology and Education Quarterly
47
, no. 1
: 78
–95
.Ali
, Kecia
. 2016
. Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur'an, Hadith, and Jurisprudence
. London
: Oneworld Publications
.
Allam
, Hannah
. 2019
. “5 Takeaways about the Trump Administration's Response to Far-Right Extremism
.” NPR.org. June
7
, 2019
. https://www.npr.org/2019/06/07/730346019/5-takeaways-about-the-trump-administrations-response-to-far-right-extremism.
Allawi
, Ali A.
2009
. The Crisis of Islamic Civilization
. New Haven, CT
: Yale University Press
.
Allen
, Robert L.
1989
. The Port Chicago Mutiny: The Story of the Largest Mass Mutiny Trial in U.S. Naval History
. Oakland, CA
: Equal Justice Society
.
Alloula
, Malek
. 1986
. The Colonial Harem
. Theory and History of Literature 21
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Alsultany
, Evelyn
. 2012
. Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation after 9/11
. New York
: New York University Press
.
Alsultany
, Evelyn
. 2013
. “Arabs and Muslims in the Media after 9/11: Representational Strategies for a ‘Postrace’ Era
.” American Quarterly
65
, no. 1
: 161
–69
.Al-Amin
, Imam Jamil
. 1994
. Revolution by the Book (The Rap Is Live)
. Beltsville, MD
: Writers’ Inc
.
Angail
, Nadirah
. 2016
. “Hamza Yusuf and the Dangers of Black Pathology
.” Tumblr. Struggles of a Covered Girl
(blog). December
25
. https://strugglinghijabi.tumblr.com/post/154946891650/hamza-yusuf-and-the-dangers-of-black-pathology.Ansari
, Zaynab
. 2015
. “Blurred Lines: Women, ‘Celebrity’ Shaykhs, and Spiritual Abuse
.” MuslimMatters.Org (blog). May
27
. https://muslimmatters.org/2015/05/27/blurred-lines-women-celebrity-shaykhs-spiritual-abuse/.
Apuzzo
, Matt
. 2016
. “Only Hard Choices for Parents Whose Children Flirt with Terror
.” New York Times
. April
9
, 2016
. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/10/us/parents-face-limited-options-to-keep-children-from-terrorism.html.Apuzzo
, Matt
, and Eileen
Sullivan
. 2012
. “fbi Muslim Scandal: Documents Show San Francisco fbi Office Illegally Collected Information on Local Muslims
.” Huffington Post
. March
28
. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/28/fbi-muslim-scandal_n_1386482.html. Accessed April
4
, 2012
.
Arab Resource and Organizing Center
. 2021
. “Block the Boat: Arab Resource and Organizing Center (aroc)
.” https://blocktheboat.org/.Arnold
, Eric K.
2011
. “Oakland Gang Injunctions: Gentrification or Public Safety?
” Race, Poverty and the Environment
18
, no. 2
: 70
–74
.Arnold
, Eric K.
2021
. “From Underground Anonymity to National Acclaim: The Life and Art of Steve ‘Zumbi’ Gaines
.” The Oaklandside
. August
23
. https://oaklandside.org/2021/08/23/life-art-steve-zumbi-gaines-zion-i-bay-area-hip-hop/.Arnold
, Thomas Walker
. 1896
. The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith
. Westminster
: A. Constable
.
Asad
, Talal
. 1986
. The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam
. Washington, DC
: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University
.
Asad
, Talal
. 1993
. Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam
. Baltimore, MD
: Johns Hopkins University Press
.
Asad
, Talal
. 2003
. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.
Asad
, Talal
. 2009
. “Reply to Judith Butler
.” In Is Critique Secular? Blasphemy, Injury, and Free Speech
, edited by Talal
Asad
, Wendy
Brown
, Judith
Butler
, and Saba
Mahmood
, 137
–45
. Townsend Papers in the Humanities, no 2
. Berkeley
: Townsend Center for the Humanities Distributed by University of California Press
.
Asad
, Talal
, Wendy
Brown
, Judith
Butler
, and Saba
Mahmood
. 2009
. Is Critique Secular? Blasphemy, Injury, and Free Speech
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.
Ashcroft
, John
. 2002
. “Transcript of Attorney General John Ashcroft, Remarks on fbi Reorganization
.” U.S. Department of Justice
. https://www.justice.gov/archive/ag/speeches/2002/53002agpreparedremarks.htm.al-Attas
, Syed Muhammad Naguib
. 1985
. Islam, Secularism, and the Philosophy of the Future
. New York
: Mansell Publishing
.
al-Attas
, Syed Muhammad Naguib
. 1993
. Islam and Secularism
. Kuala Lumpur
: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization
.
al-Attas
, Syed Muhammad Naquib
. 1980
. “The Concept of Education in Islam
.” Muslim Education Foundation
. http://www.mef-ca.org/files/attas-text-final.pdf.
Austin
, Allan D.
2012
. African Muslims in Antebellum America: Transatlantic Stories and Spiritual Struggles
. New York
: Routledge
.
Auston
, Donna
. 2017
. “Prayer, Protest, and Police Brutality: Black Muslim Spiritual Resistance in the Ferguson Era
.” Transforming Anthropology
25
, no. 1
: 11
–22
.Aydin
, Cemil
. 2017
. The Idea of the Muslim World: A Global Intellectual History
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.
al-Azami
, Dr. Usaama
. 2019
. “Shaykh Hamza Yusuf and the Question of Rebellion in the Islamic Tradition
.” MuslimMatters.Org (blog). September
15
. https://muslimmatters.org/2019/09/15/shaykh-hamza-yusuf-and-the-question-of-rebellion-in-the-islamic-tradition/.
Al-Azami
, Usaama
. 2021
. Islam and the Arab Revolutions: The Ulama between Democracy and Autocracy
. Oxford
: Oxford University Press
.
Babayan
, Kathryn
, and Afsaneh
Najmabadi
. 2008
. Islamicate Sexualities: Translations across Temporal Geographies of Desire
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.
Bald
, Vivek
. 2013
. Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.
Balkin
, Jack M.
, and Sanford
Levinson
. 2006
. “The Processes of Constitutional Change: From Partisan Entrenchment to the National Surveillance State
.” Fordham Law Review
75
: 489
.Banks
, Ingrid
, Gaye
Johnson
, George
Lipsitz
, Ula
Taylor
, Daniel
Widener
, and Clyde
Woods
, eds. 2012
. Black California Dreamin’: The Crises of California's African-American Communities
. Santa Barbara
: UCSB Center for Black Studies Research
.Barker
, Joanne
, ed. 2017
. Critically Sovereign: Indigenous Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Barker
, Joanne
. 2018
. “Territory as Analytic: The Dispossession of Lenapehoking and the Subprime Crisis
.” Social Text
36
, no. 2
(135): 19
–39
.Barkun
, Michael
. 2017
. “The fbi and American Muslims after September 11
.” In The fbi and Religion: Faith and National Security before and after 9/11
, edited by Sylvester A.
Johnson
and Steven
Weitzman
, 1st ed., 244
–55
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.
Bartolome
, Tina
. 2020
. “Kiilu Taught Me: Letters to My Comrade
.” In Black Panther Afterlives: The Enduring Significance of the Black Panther Party
, edited by Diane C.
Fujino
and Matef
Harmachis
. Chicago
: Haymarket Books
.
Bartosiewicz
, Petra
. 2009
. “The Intelligence Factory: How America Makes Its Enemies Disappear
.” Harpers Magazine
. November
. https://harpers.org/archive/2009/11/the-intelligence-factory/.Bayoumi
, Moustafa
. 2008
. How Does It Feel to Be a Problem?: Being Young and Arab in America
. New York
: Penguin
.
Bazian
, Hatem
. 2018
. “Sami Al-Arian and Silencing Palestine
.” In With Stones in Our Hands: Writings on Muslims, Racism, and Empire
, 306
–25
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Bazian
, Hatem
, and Farid
Senzai
. 2013
. “The Bay Area Muslim Study: Establishing Identity and Community
.” Washington, DC
: Institute for Social Policy and Understanding
.
Bazzano
, Elliott
, and Marcia K.
Hermansen
. 2020
. Varieties of American Sufism: Islam, Sufi Orders, and Authority in a Time of Transition
. Albany
: State University of New York Press
.
Beliso-De Jesus
, Aisha
. 2013
. “Religious Cosmopolitanisms: Media, Transnational Santería, and Travel between the United States and Cuba
.” American Ethnologist
40
, no. 4
: 704
–20
.Beliso-De Jesús
, Aisha M.
2015
. Electric Santería: Racial and Sexual Assemblages of Transnational Religion
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.
Beliso-De Jesús
, Aisha M.
and Jemima
Pierre
. 2020
. “Special Section: Anthropology of White Supremacy
.” American Anthropologist
122
, no. 1
: 65
–75
.Bendaoui
, Assia
. 2018
. The Feeling of Being Watched
. hd. Documentary. Women Make Movies.Berry
, Maya J.
, Claudia Chávez
Argüelles
, Shanya
Cordis
, Sarah
Ihmoud
, and Elizabeth Velásquez
Estrada
. 2017
. “Toward a Fugitive Anthropology: Gender, Race, and Violence in the Field
.” Cultural Anthropology
32
, no. 4
: 537
–65
.Besteman
, Catherine Lowe
, and Network of Concerned Anthropologists Steering Committee
. 2009
. The Counter-Counterinsurgency Manual: Or, Notes on Demilitarizing American Society
. Chicago
: Prickly Paradigm Press
.
BondGraham
, Darwin
. 2018
. “Terror or Entrapment?
” East Bay Express
. January
3
. https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/terror-or-entrapment/Content?oid=12242075.BondGraham
, Darwin
, and Ali
Winston
. 2013
. “The Real Purpose of Oakland's Surveillance Center
.” East Bay Express
. December
. https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/the-real-purpose-of-oaklands-surveillance-center/Content?oid=3789230.Borneman
, John
, and Joseph
Masco
. 2015
. “Anthropology and the Security State
.” American Anthropologist
117
, no. 4
: 781
–85
.Bowen
, John R.
2011
. Can Islam Be French?: Pluralism and Pragmatism in a Secularist State
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.
Bowen
, John R.
2016
. On British Islam: Religion, Law, and Everyday Practice in Shariʿa Councils
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.
Broussard
, Albert S.
2001
. “In Search of the Promised Land: African American Migration to San Francisco
.” In Seeking El Dorado: African Americans in California
, edited by Lawrence Brooks
De Graaf
, Kevin
Mulroy
, Quintard
Taylor
, and Autry Museum of Western Heritage
, 181
–209
. Los Angeles
: Autry Museum of Western Heritage
; Seattle
: University of Seattle Press
.
Brown
, Adrienne M.
2017
. Emergent Strategy: Shaping Change, Changing Worlds
. Chico, CA
: AK Press
.
Brown
, Elaine
. 1992
. A Taste of Power: A Black Woman's Story
. 1st ed. New York
: Pantheon Books
.
Brown
, Jonathan A. C.
2009a
. Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World
. Oxford
: Oneworld Publications
.
Brown
, Jonathan A. C.
2009b
. “Maṣlaḥah
.” In The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/print/opr/t236/e0514.Browne
, Simone
. 2015
. Dark Matters: On the Surveillance of Blackness
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Bubandt
, Nils
, Mikkel
Rytter
, and Christian
Suhr
. 2019
. “A Second Look at Invisibility: Al-Ghayb, Islam, Ethnography
.” Contemporary Islam
13
, no. 1
: 1
–16
.Bukhari
, Safiya
. 2010
. The War Before: The True Life Story of Becoming a Black Panther, Keeping the Faith in Prison, and Fighting for Those Left Behind
. New York
: The Feminist Press at City University of New York
.
Byrd
, Jodi A.
2011
. The Transit of Empire: Indigenous Critiques of Colonialism
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Byrd
, Jodi A.
, Alyosha
Goldstein
, Jodi
Melamed
, and Chandan
Reddy
. 2018
. “Predatory Value Economies of Dispossession and Disturbed Relationalities
.” Social Text
36
, no. 2
(135): 1
–18
.Cainkar
, Louise
. 2009
. Homeland Insecurity: The Arab American and Muslim American Experience after 9/11
. New York
: Russell Sage Foundation
.
Camp
, Jordan T.
, and Christina
Heatherton
. 2016
. “Broken Windows, Surveillance, and the New Urban Counterinsurgency: An Interview with Hamid Khan
.” In Policing the Planet: Why the Policing Crisis Led to Black Lives Matter
. New York
: Verso
.
Center for Constitutional Rights
. 2008
. “Restore, Protect, Expand: The Right to Dissent
.” 100 Days to Restore the Constitution series
. New York
: Center for Constitutional Rights
. https://ccrjustice.org/home/get-involved/tools-resources/publications/publication-restore-protect-expand-right-dissent.
Césaire
, Aimé
. 2001
. Discourse on Colonialism
. Translated by Joan
Pinkham
. New York
: Monthly Review Press
.
Chan-Malik
, Sylvia
. 2011
. “ ‘Common Cause’: On the Black-Immigrant Debate and Constructing the Muslim American
.” Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Religion
2
, no. 8
: (May
): 39
.
Chan-Malik
, Sylvia
. 2018
. Being Muslim: A Cultural History of Women of Color in American Islam
. New York
: NYU Press
.
Chan-Malik
, Sylvia
, Evelyn
Alsultany
, Su'ad Abdul
Khabeer
, and Maryam
Kashani
. 2014
. “ ‘A Space for the Spiritual’: A Roundtable on Race, Gender, and Islam in the United States
.” Amerasia Journal
40
, no. 1
: 17
–33
.Chang
, Jeff
. 2016
. We Gon’ Be Alright: Notes on Race and Resegregation
. New York
: Picador
.
Chatterjee
, Piya
, and Sunaina
Maira
, eds. 2014
. The Imperial University: Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Chen
, Nancy N.
, and Trinh T.
Minh-ha
. 1992
. “ ‘Speaking Nearby:’ A Conversation with Trinh T. Minh-ha
.” Visual Anthropology Review
8
, no. 1
: 82
–91
.Cheng
, Wendy
. 2013
. The Changs Next Door to the Díazes
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Cleary
, Thomas
, trans. 1993
. Thunder in the Sky: Secrets on the Acquisition and Exercise of Power
. Boston
: Shambhala Productions
.
Collier-Thomas
, Bettye
, and V. P.
Franklin
. 2001
. Sisters in the Struggle: African American Women in the Civil Rights-Black Power Movement
. New York
: NYU Press
.
Collins
, Samuel Gerald
, Matthew
Durington
, and Harjant
Gill
. 2017
. “Multimodality: An Invitation
.” American Anthropologist
119
, no. 1
: 142
–46
.Connolly
, William E.
2002
. Neuropolitics: Thinking, Culture, Speed
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Cook
, Bradley J.
, and Fathi H.
Malkawi
, eds. 2011
. Classical Foundations of Islamic Educational Thought
. Provo, UT
: Brigham Young University
.
Cooke
, Miriam
, and Bruce B.
Lawrence
. 2005
. Muslim Networks from Hajj to Hip Hop. Islamic Civilization and Muslim Networks
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.
Cooley
, John K.
2002
. Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America, and International Terrorism
. London
: Pluto Press
.
Corbett
, Rosemary R.
2016
. Making Moderate Islam: Sufism, Service, and the “Ground Zero Mosque” Controversy
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.
Coulthard
, Glen Sean
. 2014
. Red Skin, White Masks: Rejecting the Colonial Politics of Recognition
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Coulthard
, Glen Sean
, and Leanne Betasamosake
Simpson
. 2016
. “Grounded Normativity/Place-Based Solidarity
.” American Quarterly
68
, no. 2
: 249
–55
.ctjm
. 2021
. “The Burge Case
.” Chicago Torture Justice Memorials
. https://chicagotorture.org/reparations/history/.Curtis
, Edward E.
2006
. Black Muslim Religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960–1975
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.
Curtis
, Edward E.
IV. 2002
. Islam in Black America: Identity, Liberation, and Difference in African-American Islamic Thought
. Albany
: State University of New York Press
.
Curtis
, Edward E.
IV 2015
. “‘My Heart Is in Cairo’: Malcolm X, the Arab Cold War, and the Making of Islamic Liberation Ethics
.” Journal of American History
102
, no. 3
: 775
–98
.Curtis
, Edward E.
IV, and Sylvester A.
Johnson
, eds. 2015
. “Special Issue: The Meaning of Malcolm X for Africana Religions: Fifty Years On
.” Journal of Africana Religions
3
, no. 1
: 1
–150
.Dagli
, Caner K.
2020
. “Muslims Are Not a Race
.” Renovatio: The Journal of Zaytuna College
. February
6
. https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/muslims-are-not-a-race.
al-Dar‘i
, Imam Muhammad b. Nasir
. 2012
. The Prayer of the Oppressed
. Translated by Hamza
Yusuf
. Danville, CA
: Sandala Press
.
Dash
, Julie
, director. 1991
. Daughters of the Dust
. American Playhouse, Geechee Girls, WMG Film
.Da Silva
, Denise Ferreira
. 2007
. Toward a Global Idea of Race
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Daud
, Wan Mohd Nor Wan
. 2009
. “Al-Attas’ Concept of Ta‘dib as True and Comprehensive Education in Islam
.” SeekersGuidance
(blog). December
19
. https://seekersguidance.org/articles/general-artices/al-attas-concept-of-tadib-as-true-and-comprehensive-education-in-islam-wan-mohd-nor-wan-daud/.The Daughter of Imam Malik by Sheikh Hamza Yusuf
. 2011
. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvXlOswmBy4&feature=youtube_gdata_player.
Daulatzai
, Sohail
. 2012
. Black Star, Crescent Moon: The Muslim International and Black Freedom beyond America
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Daulatzai
, Sohail
. 2013
. “Are We All Muslim Now? Assata Shakur and the Terrordome
.” Al Jazeera
. May
9
. https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/05/20135712155495678.html.Daulatzai
, Sohail
, and Junaid
Rana
, eds. 2018
. With Stones in Our Hands: Writings on Muslims, Racism, and Empire
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Davis
, Mike
. 2006
. City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles
. London
: Verso
.
Dawson
, Michael C.
, and Ming
Francis
. 2016
. “Black Politics and the Neoliberal Racial Order
.” Public Culture
28
, no. 1
(78): 23
–62
.Day
, Iyko
. 2015
. “Being or Nothingness: Indigeneity, Antiblackness, and Settler Colonial Critique
.” Critical Ethnic Studies
1
, no. 2
: 102
–21
.Day
, Iyko
. 2016
. Alien Capital: Asian Racialization and the Logic of Settler Colonial Capitalism
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Deeb
, Lara
. 2006
. An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Public Piety in Shi'i Lebanon
. Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.
Deeb
, Lara
, and Mona
Harb
. 2013
. Leisurely Islam: Negotiating Geography and Morality in Shi‘ite South Beirut
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.
Deeb
, Lara
, and Jessica
Winegar
. 2012
. “Anthropologies of Arab-Majority Societies
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
41
, no. 1
: 537
–58
.Delgado
, Jennifer
, Bridget
Doyle
, and Mary
Schmich
. n.d. “Hadiya's Friends
.” Chicago Tribune
. http://graphics.chicagotribune.com/hadiyas-friends/ Accessed on January
4
, 2023
.
Denny
, F. M.
2012
. “Umma
.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam
. 2nd ed. http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/umma-COM_1291?s.num=66&s.start=60.
Department of Homeland Security
. 2020
. “Targeted Violence and Terrorism Prevention Grant Program
.” February
14
. https://www.dhs.gov/tvtpgrants.Devereaux
, Ryan
. 2019
. “fbi and San Francisco Police Have Been Lying about Scope of Joint Counterterrorism Investigations, Document Suggests
.” The Intercept
(blog). November
1
. https://theintercept.com/2019/11/01/fbi-joint-terrorism-san-francisco-civil-rights/.Devji
, Faisal
, and Zaheer
Kazmi
, eds. 2017
. Islam after Liberalism
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.
Dillon
, Stephen
. 2018
. Fugitive Life: The Queer Politics of the Prison State
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Diouf
, Sylviane A.
1998
. Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas
. New York
: New York University Press
.
Diouf
, Sylviane A.
2019
. “What Islam Gave the Blues
.” Renovatio | The Journal of Zaytuna College
. June
17
. https://renovatio.zaytuna.edu/article/what-islam-gave-the-blues.
Du Bois
, W. E. B.
1990
. The Souls of Black Folk
. New York
: Vintage Books/Library of America
.
Edwards
, Erica R.
2016
. “Foreword
.” In The Terms of Order: Political Science and the Myth of Leadership
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.
Eickelman
, Dale F.
, and James P.
Piscatori
. 1990
. Muslim Travellers Pilgrimage, Migration, and the Religious Imagination
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.
Emmelhainz
, Irmgard
. 2015
. “Conditions of Visuality under the Anthropocene and Images of the Anthropocene to Come
.” E-Flux Journal
63
(March
): 13
.Esposito
, John L.
, and Ibrahim
Kalin
, eds. 2009
. The 500 Most Influential Muslims
. Washington, DC
: Georgetown University Press
.
Estes
, Nick
. 2019
. Our History Is the Future: Standing Rock versus the Dakota Access Pipeline, and the Long Tradition of Indigenous Resistance
. London
: Verso
.
Estes
, Nick
, and Jaskiran
Dhillon
. 2019
. Standing with Standing Rock: Voices from the #Nodapl Movement
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Euben
, Roxanne Leslie
. 2006
. Journeys to the Other Shore: Muslim and Western Travelers in Search of Knowledge
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.
Evans
, Ubaydullah
. 2016
. “Discussing Controversy: Hamza Yusuf at ris Convention-Ustadh Ubaydullah Evans
.” Lamppost Education Initiative
(blog). December
28
. https://lamppostedu.org/discussing-controversy-hamza-yusuf-at-ris-convention-ustadh-ubaydullah-evans.Fadil
, Nadia
. 2009
. “Managing Affects and Sensibilities: The Case of Not-Handshaking and Not-Fasting
.” Social Anthropology
17
, no. 4
: 439
–54
.Fanon
, Frantz
. [1963
] 2004
. The Wretched of the Earth
. Translated by Richard
Philcox
. New York
: Grove
.
Al Faruqi
, Isma‘il
. 2018
. Isma‘il Al Faruqi: Selected Essays
. Herndon, VA
: International Institute of Islamic Thought
.
fbi
. 2008
. “fbi Response to Allegations of Mosque Surveillance and Monitoring of the Muslim Community
.” https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-response-to-allegations-of-mosque-surveillance-and-monitoring-of-the-muslim-community.Felber
, Garrett
. 2020
. Those Who Know Don't Say: The Nation of Islam, the Black Freedom Movement, and the Carceral State
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.
Ferguson
, Roderick A.
2004
. Aberrations in Black: Toward a Queer of Color Critique
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Ferguson
, Roderick A.
2012
. The Reorder of Things: The University and Its Pedagogies of Minority Difference
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Fernando
, Mayanthi
. 2014
. The Republic Unsettled: Muslim French and the Contradictions of Secularism
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Field
, Les W.
, and Alan
Leventhal
. 2003
. “‘What Must It Have Been Like!’ Critical Considerations of Precontact Ohlone Cosmology as Interpreted through Central California Ethnohistory
.” Wíčazo Ša Review
, 18
, no. 2
: 95
–126
.Field
, Les W.
, Alan
Leventhal
, and Rosemary
Cambra
. 2013
. “Mapping Erasure: The Power of Nominative Cartography in the Past and Present of the Muwekma Ohlones of the San Francisco Bay Area
.” In Recognition, Sovereignty Struggles, and Indigenous Rights in the United States: A Sourcebook
, edited by Amy E.
Den Ouden
and Jean M.
O'Brien
, 287
–309
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.
Fiske
, John
. 1998
. “Surveilling the City: Whiteness, the Black Man and Democratic Totalitarianism
.” Theory, Culture and Society
15
, no. 2
: 67
–88
.Forman
, Ruth
. 1993
. “Poetry Should Ride the Bus
.” In We Are the Young Magicians
. Boston
: Beacon Press
.
Foucault
, Michel
, and Colin
Gordon
. 1980
. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977
. New York
: Pantheon Books
.
Foucault
, Michel
, and Paul
Rabinow
. 1997
. Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth
. New York
: New Press
.
Frahm
, Casey
. 2020
. “Oakland, California Population 2020 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)
.” https://laney.edu/college-accreditation/wp-content/uploads/sites/482/Introduction_A-C_Evidence/INT-1_OAK_Pop_Review.pdf.Fuentes
, Carlos
. 1992
. The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World
. New York
: Houghton Mifflin Company
.
Fujino
, Diane Carol
. 2005
. Heartbeat of Struggle: The Revolutionary Life of Yuri Kochiyama
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Gagne
, Karen M.
2007
. “On the Obsolescence of the Disciplines: Frantz Fanon and Sylvia Wynter Propose a New Mode of Being Human
.” Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge
5
(2007
): 251
–63
.Galvan
, Juan
, ed. 2017
. Latino Muslims: Our Journeys to Islam
. Scotts Valley, CA
: CreateSpace
. latinomuslims.net.
Getachew
, Adom
. 2019
. Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.
Ghanayem
, Eman
. 2019
. “Colonial Loops of Displacement in the United States and Israel: The Case of Rasmea Odeh
.” Women's Studies Quarterly
47
, nos. 3–4
: 71
–91
.GhaneaBassiri
, Kambiz
. 2010
. A History of Islam in America: From the New World to the New World Order
. New York
: Cambridge University Press
.
al-Ghazali
, Abu Hamid Muhammad
. 2004
. Deliverance from Error: Five Key Texts Including His Spiritual Autobiography, al-Munqidh Min al-Dalal
, edited by Ilse
Lichtenstadter
. Translated by R. J.
McCarthy
. Louisville, KY
: Fons Vitae
.
al-Ghazali
, Abu-Hamid Muhammad
. 2010
. The Marvels of the Heart: Science of the Spirit
. Louisville, KY
: Fons Vitae
.
Gibson
, Dawn-Marie
, and Jamillah
Karim
. 2014
. Women of the Nation: Between Black Protest and Sunni Islam
. New York
: NYU Press
.
Gilmore
, Ruth Wilson
. 2002
. “Race and Globalization
.” In Geographies of Global Change: Remapping the World
, 2nd ed., edited by R. J.
Johnston
, Peter J.
Taylor
, and Michael J.
Watts
, 261
–74
. Malden, MA
: Blackwell
.
Gilmore
, Ruth Wilson
. 2007
. Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.
Gilmore
, Ruth Wilson
. 2017
. “Abolition Geography and the Problem of Innocence
.” In Futures of Black Radicalism
, edited by Gaye
Theresa Johnson
and Alex
Lubin
, 225
–40
. Brooklyn, NY
: Verso
.
Glionna
, John M.
, and Steve
Chawkins
. 2007
. “8 Ex-Radicals Arrested in '71 Police Slaying
.” Los Angeles Times
. January
24
. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jan-24-me-panthers24-story.html.Glissant
, Édouard
. 1996
. Caribbean Discourse
, 2nd ed. Translated by J. Michael
Dash
. Charlottesville
: University Press of Virginia
.
Glissant
, Édouard
. 1997
. Poetics of Relation
. Translated by Betsy
Wing
. Ann Arbor
: University of Michigan Press
.
Goeman
, Mishuana
. 2013
. Mark My Words: Native Women Mapping Our Nations
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Gold
, Joel
, director. Nina: A Historical Perspective
. Vimeo video, 22:57. January
21
, 2012
. https://vimeo.com/35413162.
Göle
, Nilüfer
. 1996
. The Forbidden Modern: Civilization and Veiling
. Ann Arbor
: University of Michigan Press
.
Gomez
, Michael A.
2005
. Black Crescent: The Experience and Legacy of African Muslims in the Americas
. London
: Cambridge University Press
.
González
, Roberto J.
2020
. “Beyond the Human Terrain System: A Brief Critical History (and a Look Ahead)
.” Contemporary Social Science
15
, no. 2
: 227
–40
.Goodstein
, Laurie
. 2006
. “U.S. Muslim Clerics Seek a Modern Middle Ground
.” New York Times
. June
18
. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/18/us/18imams.html.
Gordon
, Avery
. 2006
. “US: Supermax Lockdown
.” Le Monde diplomatique
. November
2006
. https://mondediplo.com/2006/11/09usprisons.Gordon
, Lewis R.
2002
. “A Questioning Body of Laughter and Tears: Reading Black Skin, White Masks through the Cat and Mouse of Reason and a Misguided Theodicy
.” Parallax
8
, no. 2
(23): 10
–29
.Grewal
, Inderpal
. 2017
. Saving the Security State: Exceptional Citizens in Twenty-First-Century America
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Grewal
, Zareena A.
2009
. “Marriage in Colour: Race, Religion, and Spouse Selection in Four American Mosques
.” Ethnic and Racial Studies
32
, no. 2
: 323
–45
.Grewal
, Zareena A.
2013
. Islam Is a Foreign Country: American Muslims and the Global Crisis of Authority
. New York
: New York University Press
.
Gualtieri
, Sarah M. A.
2009
. Between Arab and White: Race and Ethnicity in the Early Syrian American Diaspora
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.
Gumbs
, Alexis Pauline
, and Julia Roxanne
Wallace
. 2016
. “Something Else to Be: Generations of Black Queer Brilliance and the Mobile Homecoming Experiential Archive
.” In No Tea, No Shade: New Writings in Black Queer Studies
, 380
–94
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Gurel
, Perin
. 2017
. The Limits of Westernization: A Cultural History of America in Turkey
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.
Guy
, Jasmine
. 2004
. Afeni Shakur: Evolution of a Revolutionary
. New York
: Atria Books
.
al-Haddad
, Imam Habib Abdullah
. 2011
. “Ad-Dawah At-Tammah Wa-Tadzkirah Al-Amamah (The Perfect Summons and a General Admonition)
.” Pamphlet.Haddad
, Yvonne Yazbeck
, Farid
Senzai
, and Jane I.
Smith
, eds. 2009
. Educating the Muslims of America
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.
Hafez
, Sherine
. 2011
. An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women's Islamic Movements
. New York
: NYU Press
.
Hallaq
, Wael B.
2013
. The Impossible State: Islam, Politics, and Modernity's Moral Predicament
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.
Hammer
, Juliane
. 2012
. American Muslim Women, Religious Authority, and Activism: More Than a Prayer
. Austin
: University of Texas Press
.
al-Hanbali
, Ibn Rajab
. 2001
. The Heirs of the Prophets
. Translated by Zaid
Shakir
. Chicago
: Starlatch
.
Hanson
, Hamza Yusuf
. 2006
. “Tribulation, Patience and Prayer
.” In The State We Are In: Identity, Terror and the Law of Jihad
, edited by Aftab
Ahmad Malik
, 32
–40
. Bristol
: Amal Press
.
Hanson
, Hamza Yusuf
. 2010
. “Amid Mosque Dispute, Muslims Can Look to Irish-Catholics for Hope
.” The Christian Science Monitor
. September
16
. https://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2010/0916/Amid-mosque-dispute-Muslims-can-look-to-Irish-Catholics-for-hope.Harney
, Stefano
, and Fred
Moten
. 2013
. The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning & Black Study
. Brooklyn, NY
: Minor Compositions
.
Harris
, Anne
. 2010
. “Race and Refugeity: Ethnocinema as Radical Pedagogy
.” Qualitative Inquiry
16
, no. 9
: 768
–77
.Harrison
, Faye V.
, ed. 1997
. Decolonizing Anthropology: Moving Further toward an Anthropology for Liberation
. Arlington, VA
: American Anthropological Association
.
Hefner
, Robert W.
, and Muhammad Qasim
Zaman
. 2007
. Schooling Islam: The Culture and Politics of Modern Muslim Education
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.
Hermansen
, Marcia
. 2000
. “Hybrid Identity Formations in Muslim America: The Case of American Sufi Movements
.” The Muslim World
90
(Spring): 158
–97
.Hidayatullah
, Aysha A.
2014
. Feminist Edges of the Qur'an
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.
Hilal
, Reem M.
2017
. “Marking the American Landscape: African Muslim Slave Writings and the Place of Islam
.” Journal of the African Literature Association
11
, no. 2
: 135
–48
.Hindtrospectives
. 2016
. “Why I Stand with Standing Rock #Nodapl
.” Hindtrospectives
(blog). September
14
. http://www.patheos.com/blogs/hindtrospectives/2016/09/why-i-stand-with-standing-rock-nodapl/.
Hirschkind
, Charles
. 2006
. The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.
Hirschkind
, Charles
. 2012
. “Beyond Secular and Religious: An Intellectual Genealogy of Tahrir Square
.” American Ethnologist
39
, no. 1
: 49
–53
.Hirschkind
, Charles
, and Brian
Larkin
. 2008
. “Introduction: Media and the Political Forms of Religion
.” Social Text
26
, no. 3
(96): 1
–9
.Ho
, Engseng
. 2006
. The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.
Hodgson
, Marshall G. S.
1974
. The Classical Age of Islam. Vol. 1: The Venture of Islam
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.
hooks
, bell.
2000
. Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center
. Cambridge, MA
: South End Press
.
Horne
, Gerald
. 2018
. The Apocalypse of Settler Colonialism: The Roots of Slavery, White Supremacy, and Capitalism in Seventeenth-Century North America and the Caribbean
. New York
: Monthly Review Press
.
Howell
, Sally
. 2014
. Old Islam in Detroit: Rediscovering the Muslim American Past
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.
HumbleBeliever
. 2020
. “Shaykh Hamza Yusuf on the State of America & the World after Sept. 11 (2001 Interview)
.” YouTube video. August
6
, 2020
. 23:25. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6XfkjxldDI.Husain
, Atiya
. 2020
. “Terror and Abolition
.” Boston Review
. June
11
. https://bostonreview.net/race/atiya-husain-terror-and-abolition.Hussain
, Murtaza
. 2015
. “Killing of Detroit Imam in 2009 Described as ‘Nothing Less Than a Cover-Up.’
” The Intercept
(blog). August
9
. https://theintercept.com/2015/08/09/family-detroit-imam-killed-police-files-lawsuit-supreme-court/.Ibn Hisham, ʻAbd al-Malik, Muhammad Ibn Ishaq, and Alfred Guillaume.
2001
. The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat Rasūl Allāh
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.
Ibn Kathir
. 2003
. Tafsir Ibn Kathir
. London
: Darussalam
.
incite!
2006
. Color of Violence: The Incite! Anthology
. Cambridge, MA
: South End Press
.
Iqbal
, Muhammad
. 2013
. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.
Izutsu
, Toshihiko
. 2002
. Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qurʼān
. Montreal
: McGill-Queen's University Press
.
Jackson
, John L.
, Jr. 2004
. “An Ethnographic Filmflam: Giving Gifts, Doing Research, and Videotaping the Native Subject/Object
.” American Anthropologist
106
, no. 1
: 32
–42
.Jackson
, Sherman A.
2005
. Islam and the Blackamerican: Looking toward the Third Resurrection
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.
Jackson
, Sherman A.
2009
. Islam and the Problem of Black Suffering
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.
Jackson
, Sherman A.
n.d. “The Impact of Liberalism, Secularism and Atheism on the American Mosque
.” https://www.alimprogram.org/uploads/1/2/5/5/125574672/the-affects-of-liberalism-secularism-and-atheism-on-the-american-mosque.pdf. Accessed November
14
, 2021
.
Jackson
, Shona
. 2014
. “Humanity beyond the Regime of Labor: Antiblackness, Indigeneity, and the Legacies of Colonialism in the Caribbean
.” Decolonization
(blog). June
6
. https://decolonization.wordpress.com/2014/06/06/humanity-beyond-the-regime-of-labor-antiblackness-indigeneity-and-the-legacies-of-colonialism-in-the-caribbean/.Jackson
, Shona
. 2019
. “Movement and Time: A Diasporic Response to Grounded Light
.” American Quarterly
71
, no. 2
: 343
–52
.Jacobs
, Ron
. 2007
. “mr Online | A Legacy of Torture: From Cointelpro to the Patriot Act
.” mr Online
(blog). January
5
. https://mronline.org/2007/01/05/a-legacy-of-torture-from-cointelpro-to-the-patriot-act/.
Jamal
, Amaney A.
, and Nadine Christine
Naber
. 2008
. Race and Arab Americans before and after 9/11: From Invisible Citizens to Visible Subjects
. Syracuse, NY
: Syracuse University Press
.
Jay
, Martin
, and Sumathi
Ramaswamy
, eds. 2014
. Empires of Vision: A Reader
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Jobson
, Ryan Cecil
. 2020
. “The Case for Letting Anthropology Burn: Sociocultural Anthropology in 2019
.” American Anthropologist
122
, no. 2
: 259
–71
.Johnson
, Sylvester A.
2017
. “The fbi and the Moorish Science Temple of America, 1926–1960
.” In The fbi and Religion: Faith and National Security before and after 9/11
, edited by Sylvester A.
Johnson
and Steven
Weitzman
, 1st ed., 55
–66
. Oakland
: University of California Press
.
Johnson
, Sylvester A.
, and Steven
Weitzman
, eds. 2017
. The fbi and Religion: Faith and National Security before and after 9/11
. Oakland
: University of California Press
.
Jordan
, June
. 1977
. Things That I Do in the Dark: Selected Poetry
. New York
: Random House
.
Jouili
, Jeanette S.
2015
. Pious Practice and Secular Constraints: Women in the Islamic Revival in Europe
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.
Judy
, Ronald A. T.
2007
. “Some Thoughts on Naguib Mahfouz in the Spirit of Secular Criticism
.” Boundary 2
34
, no. 2
: 21
–54
.Junod
, Tom
. 2010
. “Innocent
.” Esquire
. February
15
. https://www.esquire.com/features/the-state-of-the-american-man/ESQ0706JLINDH_106.Kaba
, Mariame
. 2021
. We Do This 'til We Free Us: Abolitionist Organizing and Transforming Justice
. Chicago
: Haymarket Books
.
Kanaaneh
, Rhoda Ann
. 2002
. Birthing the Nation: Strategies of Palestinian Women in Israel
. California Series in Public Anthropology
2
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.
Kapadia
, Ronak K.
2019
. Insurgent Aesthetics: Security and the Queer Life of the Forever War
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Karim
, Jamillah
. 2006
. “Through Sunni Women's Eyes: Black Feminism and the Nation of Islam
.” Souls
8
, no. 4
: 19
–30
.Karim
, Jamillah Ashira
. 2009
. American Muslim Women: Negotiating Race, Class, and Gender within the Ummah
. New York
: New York University Press
.
Kashani
, Maryam
. 2014
. “Seekers of Sacred Knowledge: Zaytuna College and the Education of American Muslims
.” PhD diss., University of Texas, Austin
.
Kashani
, Maryam
. 2018a
. “Habib in the Hood: Mobilizing History and Prayer towards Anti-Racist Praxis
.” Amerasia Journal
44
, no. 1
: 61
–84
.Kashani
, Maryam
. 2018b
. “The Audience Is Still Present: Invocations of El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz by Muslims in the United States
.” In With Stones in Our Hands: Writings on Muslims, Racism, and Empire
, edited by Sohail
Daulatzai
and Junaid
Rana
, 336
–53
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Kazmi
, Zaheer
. 2017
. “Beyond Liberal Islam
.” Aeon
. December
21
. https://aeon.co/essays/is-it-time-to-look-beyond-the-idea-of-liberal-islam.Keeling
, Kara
. 2003
. “ ‘In the Interval’: Frantz Fanon and the ‘Problems’ of Visual Representation
.” Qui Parle
13
, no. 2
: 91
–117
.Keeling
, Kara
. 2007
. The Witch's Flight: The Cinematic, the Black Femme, and the Image of Common Sense
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Keeling
, Kara
. 2011
. “I = Another: Digital Identity Politics
.” In Strange Affinities: The Gender and Sexual Politics of Comparative Racialization
, edited by Grace
Kyungwon Hong
and Roderick A.
Ferguson
, 53
–75
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Kelley
, Robin D. G.
2016
. “Black Study, Black Struggle
.” Boston Review
. March
1
. https://www.bostonreview.net/forum/robin-kelley-black-struggle-campus-protest/.Kelley
, Robin D. G.
2021
. “Why Black Marxism, Why Now?
” Boston Review
. January
25
. https://bostonreview.net/race-philosophy-religion/robin-d-g-kelley-why-black-marxism-why-now.Khader
, Nehad
. 2017
. “Rasmea Odeh: The Case of an Indomitable Woman
.” Journal of Palestine Studies
46
, no. 4
: 62
–74
.Khalili
, Laleh
. 2007
. Heroes and Martyrs of Palestine: The Politics of National Commemoration
. Cambridge Middle East Studies
27
. Cambridge, UK
: Cambridge University Press
.
Khan
, Aisha
. 2004
. Callaloo Nation: Metaphors of Race and Religious Identity among South Asians in Trinidad
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Khan
, Naveeda Ahmed
. 2012
. Muslim Becoming: Aspiration and Skepticism in Pakistan
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Khwaja
, Maira
, Marie
Mendoza
, and Maheen
Khan
. 2022
. “Chicago to Guantánamo: Connections in an Ecosystem of Violence
.” Mapbox Storytelling, Invisible Institute
. Chicagopolicetorturearchive.com. 2022
. https://invinst.github.io/.
Kieślowski
, Krzysztof
, and Danusia
Stok
. 1993
. Kieślowski on Kieślowski
. Boston
: Faber and Faber
.
Kim
, Jodi
. 2022
. Settler Garrison: Debt Imperialism, Militarism, and Transpacific Imaginaries
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
King
, Tiffany Lethabo
. 2019
. The Black Shoals: Offshore Formations of Black and Native Studies
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Kishi
, Katayoun
. 2017
. “Assaults against Muslims in U.S. Surpass 2001 Level
.” Pew Research Center
(blog). November
15
. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/15/assaults-against-muslims-in-u-s-surpass-2001-level/.Kitwana
, Bakari
. 2016
. “The 16 Black Panthers Still behind Bars
.” Colorlines
. December
31
. https://www.colorlines.com/articles/16-black-panthers-still-behind-bars.Knight
, Michael Muhammad
. 2009
. Blue-Eyed Devil: A Road Odyssey through Islamic America
. New York
: Soft Skull Press
.
Knight
, Michael Muhammad
. 2013
. “Michael Muhammad Knight vs. Hamza Yusuf
.” March
19
. https://www.vice.com/en/article/7be3y4/michael-muhammad-knight-vs-hamza-yusuf.Knight
, Nsenga
. 2015
. (X) Speaks
. Performance-based social practice project. https://nsengaknight.com/xspeaks/.Knysh
, Alexander
. 2001
. “The ‘Tariqa’ on a Landcruiser: The Resurgence of Sufism in Yemen
.” The Middle East Journal
55
, no. 3
: 399
–414
.Kondo
, D. K.
1986
. “Dissolution and Reconstitution of the Self: Implications for Anthropological Epistemology
.” Cultural Anthropology
1
, no. 1
: 74
–88
.Koshy
, Susan
, Lisa Marie
Cacho
, Jodi A.
Byrd
, and Brian Jordan
Jefferson
. 2022
. Colonial Racial Capitalism
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Kracauer
, Siegfried
. 1995
. The Mass Ornament: Weimer Essays
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.
Kugle
, Scott Alan
. 2006
. Rebel between Spirit and Law: Ahmad Zarruq, Sainthood, and Authority in Islam
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.
Kugle
, Scott Alan
. 2010
. Homosexuality in Islam: Critical Reflection on Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Muslims
. Oxford
: Oneworld
.
Kugle
, Scott Alan
. 2013
. Living out Islam: Voices of Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Muslims
. New York
: NYU Press
.
Kumar
, Deepa
. 2021
. Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire: Twenty Years after 9/11
. Brooklyn, NY
: Verso
.
Kundnani
, Arun
. 2015
. The Muslims Are Coming! Islamophobia, Extremism, and the Domestic War on Terror
. Brooklyn, NY
: Verso
.
Lane
, Edward William
, and Stanley
Lane-Poole
. 1968
. An Arabic-English Lexicon
. 8
vols. Beirut
: Librairie du Liban
.
Larkin
, Brian
. 2008a
. “Ahmed Deedat and the Form of Islamic Evangelism
.” Social Text
26
, no. 3
(96): 101
–21
.Larkin
, Brian
. 2008b
. Signal and Noise: Media, Infrastructure, and Urban Culture in Nigeria
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Lean
, Nathan Chapman
. 2012
. The Islamophobia Industry: How the Right Manufactures Fear of Muslims
. London
: Pluto Press
.
Leonard
, Karen Isaksen
. 1992
. Making Ethnic Choices: California's Punjabi Mexican Americans
. Philadelphia
: Temple University Press
.
Li
, Darryl
. 2020
. The Universal Enemy: Jihad, Empire, and the Challenge of Solidarity
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.
Lings
, Martin
. 1983
. Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources
. London
: Islamic Texts Society
.
LLoveras
, Walter Martínez
. n.d. “Justice for Alex Nieto
.” Justice 4 Alex Nieto. http://justice4alexnieto.org/. Accessed February
17
, 2020
.
Lorde
, Audre
. 1984
. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches
. Trumansburg, NY
: Crossing Press
.
Lovejoy
, P. E.
1994
. “Background to Rebellion: The Origins of Muslim Slaves in Bahia
.” Slavery and Abolition
15
, no. 2
(January
): 151
–80
.Lowe
, Lisa
. 2015
. The Intimacies of Four Continents
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
MacDougall
, David
. 2006
. The Corporeal Image: Film, Ethnography, and the Senses
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.
MacDougall
, E. Ann
. 2005
. “Living the Legacy of Slavery: Between Discourse and Reality (Les ayants droit de l'esclavage
. Entre discours et réalité)”
Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines
45
, nos. 179–80
): 957
–86
.
Madelung
, Wilferd
. 1997
. The Succession to Muḥammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.
Maghbouleh
, Neda
. 2017
. The Limits of Whiteness: Iranian Americans and the Everyday Politics of Race
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.
Maharawal
, Manissa M.
, and Erin
McElroy
. 2018
. “The Anti-Eviction Mapping Project: Counter Mapping and Oral History toward Bay Area Housing Justice
.” Annals of the American Association of Geographers
108
, no. 2
: 380
–89
.Mahmood
, Saba
. 2005
. Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.
Mahmood
, Saba
. 2006
. “Secularism, Hermeneutics, and Empire: The Politics of Islamic Reformation
.” Public Culture
18
, no. 2
: 323
–47
.
Mahmood
, Saba
. 2016
. Religious Difference in a Secular Age: A Minority Report
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.
Maira
, Sunaina
. 2009
. Missing: Youth, Citizenship, and Empire after 9/11
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Maira
, Sunaina
. 2014
. “Surveillance Effects: South Asian, Arab, and Afghan American Youth in the War on Terror
.” In At the Limits of Justice: Women of Colour on Terror
. Toronto
: University of Toronto Press
.
Maira
, Sunaina
. 2016
. The 9/11 Generation: Youth, Rights, and Solidarity in the War on Terror
. New York
: NYU Press
.
Makdisi
, George
. 1981
. The Rise of Colleges: Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West
. Edinburgh
: Edinburgh University Press
.
Makki
, Hind
. 2016
. “Facebook Post
.” December
25
. https://www.facebook.com/HindMakkiPublic/posts/10101266786197111.Malcolm
, X.
[1965
] 1990
. Malcolm X Speaks: Selected Speeches and Statements
, edited by George
Breitman
. New York
: Grove Weidenfeld
.
Malcolm
, X
, and Alex
Haley
. 1965
. The Autobiography of Malcolm X
. New York
: Grove Press
.
Maldonado-Torres
, Nelson
. 2013
. “On the Coloniality of Being: Contributions to the Development of a Concept
.” In Globalization and the Decolonial Option
, edited by Walter D.
Mignolo
and Arturo
Escobar
. New York
: Routledge
.
Maldonado-Torres
, Nelson
. 2014
. “Race, Religion, and Ethics in the Modern/Colonial World
.” Journal of Religious Ethics
42
, no. 4
: 691
–711
.Mamdani
, Mahmood
. 2001
. “Beyond Settler and Native as Political Identities: Overcoming the Political Legacy of Colonialism
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
43
, no. 4
: 651
–64
.Mamdani
, Mahmood
. 2004
. Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror
. New York
: Pantheon Books
.
Manzoor-Khan
, Suhaiymah
. 2019
. “This is Not a Humanizing Poem
.” Postcolonial Banter
. Birmingham
: Verve Poetry Press
.
Marable
, Manning
, and Hisham
Aidi
. 2009
. Black Routes to Islam
. New York
: Palgrave Macmillan
.
Marx
, Gary T.
1989
. Undercover: Police Surveillance in America
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.
Marx
, Karl
, and Friedrich
Engels
. 1978
. The Marx-Engels Reader
. 2nd ed., edited by Robert C.
Tucker
. New York
: W. W. Norton
.
Masjidul Waritheen.
2021
. “An Nas Program | Masjidul Waritheen
.” https://www.masjidulwaritheen.org/an-nas-program/.Massey
, Doreen
. 1994
. Space, Place, and Gender
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
Mazzetti
, Mark
, Adam
Goldman
, and Michael S.
Schmidt
. 2017
. “Behind the Sudden Death of a $1 Billion Secret C.I.A. War in Syria
.” New York Times
. August
2
. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/world/middleeast/cia-syria-rebel-arm-train-trump.html.mbc
. 2012
. Interview of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas with Hamza Yusuf
. Rihla with Hamza Yusuf. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3F60oME7mM8&feature=youtube_gdata_player.
McGuire
, Danielle L.
2010
. At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance—A New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power
. 1st ed. New York
: Knopf
.
McKinley
, Jesse
. 2007
. “8 Arrested in 1971 Killing of San Francisco Police Officer
.” New York Times
. January
24
. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/24/us/24frisco.html.McKittrick
, Katherine
. 2006
. Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.
McKittrick
, Katherine
. 2014
. “Mathematics Black Life
.” The Black Scholar
44
, no. 2
: 16
–28
.McKittrick
, Katherine
. 2017
. “Commentary: Worn Out
.” Southeastern Geographer
57
, no. 1
: 96
–100
.McKittrick
, Katherine
. 2021
. Dear Science and Other Stories
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.
Melamed
,