This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.
The prologue takes the form of an intimate “Dear Reader” letter from Johnnetta Betsch Cole to her audience of readers. She discusses the origins of the term “speechifying,” as well as memories of giving her first speech during a church service in Florida. She also discusses a bit of her process in giving speeches; she explains her choice to change her name from Johnnetta B. Cole to Johnnetta Betsch Cole, as well as how her thinking and choice of language has evolved since delivering more speeches; and she describes some of the patterns in her speeches, such as citing African proverbs and the words of leaders, heroes, and sheroes, sharing personal experiences, and ending speeches with stories and moral lessons.
This content is only available as PDF.
Bibliography
Angelou
, Maya
. 2008
. Commencement Speech, Cornell University
, May
24
.Annie E. Casey Foundation
. 2010
. Early Warning! Why Reading by the End of Third Grade Matters: A KIDS COUNT Special Report from the Annie E. Casey Foundation
. Baltimore, MD
. https://www.ccf.ny.gov/files/9013/8262/2751/AECFReporReadingGrade3.pdf.Baldwin
, James
. 1962
. “As Much Truth as One Can Bear
.” New York Times Book Review
, January
14
. https://www.nytimes.com/1962/01/14/archives/as-much-truth-as-one-can-bear-to-speak-out-about-the-world-as-it-is.html.Baldwin
, James
, and Yran
Cazac
. Little Man, Little Man: A Story of Childhood
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
, 2018
.Barnes
, Riché J. D.
2018
. “Johnnetta Betsch Cole: Eradicating Multiple Systems of Oppression
.” In The Second Generation of African American Pioneers in Anthropology
, edited by Ira E.
Harrison
, Deborah
Johnson-Simon
, and Erica L.
Williams
, 84
–98
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
.Bernstein
, Alison
. 1987
. “Johnnetta Cole: Serving by Example.”
Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning
19
, no. 5
: 46
–55
. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.1987.10570158.Bethune
, Mary McLeod
. 1953
. “Last Will and Testament
.” https://www.cookman.edu/history/last-will-testament.html.BlackPast
. 2007
. “(1857) Frederick Douglass, ‘If There Is No Struggle, There Is No Progress.’
” BlackPast
, January
25
. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/1857-frederick-douglass-if-there-no-struggle-there-no-progress/.BlackPast
. 2012
. “(1982) Audre Lorde, ‘Learning from the 60s.’
” BlackPast
, August
12
. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/1982-audre-lorde-learning-60s/.Bolles
, A. Lynn
. 2001
. “Seeking the Ancestors: Forging a Black Feminist Tradition in Anthropology
.” In Black Feminist Anthropology: Theory, Politics, Praxis, and Poetics
, edited by Irma
McClaurin
, 25
–48
. New Brunswick, NJ
: Rutgers University Press
.Brooks
, Gwendolyn
. 1988
. “Agenda
.” Unpublished poem presented at the inauguration of President Johnnetta Cole at Spelman College
, Atlanta, GA
.Burke
, Sheila
. 2012
. “Tennessee Court Decision May Finally End Fisk Art Case
.” CT Insider
, April
24
. https://www.ctinsider.com/news/article/Tennessee-court-decision-may-finally-end-Fisk-art-11513089.php.Burroughs
, Margaret
. 1963
. What Shall I Tell My Children Who Are Black?
Chicago
: M.A.A.H. Press
.Bush
, George H. W.
1989
. “Remarks to Members of the Institute of International Education
.” October
25
. George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum
. https://bush41library.tamu.edu/archives/public-papers/1084.Center for the Future of Museums
. 2015
. TrendsWatch 2015
. https://www.aam-us.org/programs/center-for-the-future-of-museums/trendswatch-2015/.Clark Atlanta University, Tina Maria Dunkley, and Jerry Cullum
. 2012
. In the Eye of the Muses: Selections from the Clark Atlanta University Art Collection
. Atlanta
: Clark Atlanta University
.Clower
, Robert W.
, George
Dalton
, Mitchell
Harwitz
, and A. A.
Walters
. 1966
. Growth without Development: An Economic Survey of Liberia
. Evanston, IL
: Northwestern University Press
.Cole
, Johnnetta Betsch
. 1986
. All American Women: Lines That Divide, Ties That Bind
. New York
: Free Press
.Cole
, Johnnetta Betsch
. 1988
. Anthropology for the Nineties: Introductory Readings
. New York
: Free Press
.Cole
, Johnnetta Betsch
. 1993
. Conversations: Straight Talk with America's Sister President
. New York
: Anchor Books
.Cole
, Johnnetta Betsch
. 1997
. Dream the Boldest Dreams: And Other Lessons of Life
. Atlanta
: Longstreet Press
.Cole
, Johnnetta Betsch
. 2021
. African Proverbs for All Ages
. Illustrated by Nelda
Lateef
. New York
: Roaring Books Press
.Cole
, Johnnetta Betsch
, and Beverly
Guy-Sheftall
, eds. 2003
. Gender Talk: The Struggle for Women's Equality in African American Communities
. New York
: Ballantine Books
.Collins
, Glenn
. 1987
. “Spelman College's First ‘Sister President.’
” New York Times
, July
20
. https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/20/style/spelman-s-college-s-first-sister-president.html.Darling-Hammond
, Linda
. 2014
. “Educational Quality and Equality
.” In Divided: The Perils of Our Growing Inequality
, edited by David Cay
Johnston
, 153
–58
. New York
: New Press
.Delany
, Clarissa Scott
. n.d. “Interim
.” https://aaregistry.org/poem/interim-by-clarissa-scott-delany/. Accessed December
28
, 2022
.Du Bois
, W. E. B.
1903
. The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches
. Reprint, New York
: Johnson Reprint Corp
., 1968
.Ehrenfreund
, Max
. 2015
. “Martin Luther King's Warnings on Inequality Were ahead of His Time
.” Washington Post
, January
16
. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/01/16/wonkbook-martin-luther-kings-warnings-on-inequality-were-ahead-of-his-time/.Equiano
, Olaudah
. 1789
. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African
. Reprint, Boston
: Isaac Knapp
, 1837
. https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2014.44.Everett
, Edward
. 1863
. Letter to Abraham Lincoln, November 20, 1863. Edward Everett Papers, vol. 120, letterbook, 23 October 1863 to 28 March 1884, 27. https://www.masshist.org/database/1780#:~:text=Everett%20had%20been%20the%20primary,you%20did%20in%20two%20minutes.%22.Foner
, Eric
. 2011
. The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery
. New York
: Norton
.Gandhi
, Mahatma
. 1936
. Speech at conference
, Allahabad, India
, April
5
. https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/cultural_heritage.htm#:~:text=Speaking%20in%20a%20conference%20at,it%20attempts%20to%20be%20exclusive.Gates
, Henry Louis
, Jr. 1989
. Talk That Talk: An Anthology of African-American Storytelling
. New York
: Simon and Schuster
.Gelles
, David
. 2014
. “Wooing a New Generation of Museum Patrons
.” New York Times
, March
19
. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/20/arts/artsspecial/wooing-a-new-generation-of-museum-patrons.html.Giddings
, Paula
. 1987
. “About People. Johnnetta Betsch Cole: Spelman's Sister President
.” Essence
18
, no. 7
: 34
, 125
.Giddings
, Paula
. 1988
. “A Conversation with Johnnetta Betsch Cole
.” Sage
5
, no. 2
(Fall): 56
–59
.Goldman Sachs
. n.d. “Updated Business Principles Codify the Firm's Commitment to Diversity
.” https://www.goldmansachs.com/our-firm/history/moments/2001-diversity-language.html.Goodman
, Barak
, Pamela Mason
Wagner
, and Jamila
Ephron
, dirs. 2013
. Makers: Women Who Make America
. Arlington, VA
: PBS Distribution
.Goodwin
, Doris Kearns
. 2005
. Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln
. New York
: Simon and Schuster
.Harrison
, Ira E.
, Deborah
Johnson-Simon
, and Erica L.
Williams
, eds. 2018
. The Second Generation of African American Pioneers in Anthropology
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
.Hart
, Betty
, and Todd
Risley
. 2003
. “The Early Catastropher: The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3
.” American Educator
, Spring, 4
–9
.Hechinger
, Fred M.
1981
. “About Education
.” New York Times
, July
21
, C5
. https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/21/science/about-education.html.Hepburn
, Katharine
. 1953
. Speech at Bryn Mawr College. https://dp.la/item/b297e6461c27f50cf929582e53d2ab8d.Herbes-Sommers
, Christine
, Llewelyn
Smith
, and Vincent Brown
, dirs.
2009
. Herskovits at the Heart of Blackness
. New York
: Films Media Group
.Heyward-Rotimi
, Kamela
. 1998
. “Perspectives of Black Feminist Anthropology: An Interview with Dr. Johnnetta B. Cole
.” Voices: A Publication of the Association for Feminist Anthropology
2
, no. 2
: 1
–5
.Hope
, Bob
. 1962
. Commencement Speech at Georgetown University
, Washington, DC
, June
4
.Janson
, H. W.
1986
. History of Art: A Survey of the Major Visual Arts from the Dawn of History to the Present Day
. 3rd ed. New York
: Abrams
.Jobs
, Steve
. 2005
. Commencement address, Stanford University
, June
12
. https://news.stanford.edu/2005/06/12/youve-got-find-love-jobs-says/.Jordan
, Barbara
. 1993
. “Op/Art
.” Washington Post
, March
21
. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1993/03/21/opart/d762298d-f38e-4e7d-a14d-08327161b44d/.Ju
, Anne
. 2008
. “Courage Is the Most Important Virtue, Says Writer and Civil Rights Activist Maya Angelou at Convocation
.” Cornell Chronicle
, May
23
. https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2008/05/courage-most-important-virtue-maya-angelou-tells-seniors.Kennedy
, Randy
. 2011
. “Brandeis Settles Suit over Proposed Art Sale
.” New York Times
, June
30
. https://archive.nytimes.com/artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/30/brandeis-settle-suit-over-proposed-art-sale/.King
, Coretta Scott
. 1994
. “Remarks on the Introduction of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 1994
.” Press conference
, Washington, DC
.King
, Coretta Scott
. 1998
. Remarks at the 25th Anniversary of the Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund
, New York
.King
, Martin Luther
, Jr. 1957
. “Conquering Self-Centeredness
.” Sermon delivered at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
, Montgomery, AL
, August 11
. In The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr.
, vol. 4
, Symbol of the Movement, January 1957–December 1958, edited by Clayborne
Carson
, Susan
Carson
, Adrienne
Clay
, Virginia
Shadron
, and Kieran
Taylor
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 2000
. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/conquering-self-centeredness-sermon-delivered-dexter-avenue-baptist-church.King
, Martin Luther
, Jr. 1963a
. “Letter from a Birmingham Jail
.” In Why We Can't Wait
, 77
–100
. New York
: Signet Books
, 1964
.King
, Martin Luther
, Jr. 1967a
. “The Casualties of War in Vietnam
.” Speech delivered at the Nation Institute
, Los Angeles
, February 25
. https://www.aavw.org/special_features/speeches_speech_king02.html.King
, Martin Luther
, Jr. 1967b
. Speech delivered at Victory Baptist Church
, Los Angeles
, June 25
. APM Reports. https://features.apmreports.org/arw/king/b1.html.King
, Martin Luther
, Jr. 1967c
. “The Three Dimensions of a Complete Life
.” Speech delivered at New Covenant Baptist Church
, Chicago, IL
, April 9. https://www.learnoutloud.com/Free-Audio-Video/History/Speeches/The-Three-Dimensions-of-a-Complete-Life/90594.King
, Martin Luther
, Jr. 1967d
. “Where Do We Go from Here?”
Speech delivered at the Eleventh Annual Convention of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
, August 16. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gmarkus/MLK_WhereDoWeGo.pdf.King
, Martin Luther
, Jr. 1967e
. “Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break the Silence
.” Speech delivered at the Riverside Church in New York City
, April
4
. https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/1261#:~:text=On%20April%204%2C%201967%2C%20Martin,democratic%2C%20impractical%2C%20and%20unjust.King
, Martin Luther
, Jr. 1968
. “The Drum Major Instinct
.” Sermon delivered at Ebenezer Baptist Church
, Atlanta, GA
, February
4
. https://bethlehemfarm.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/DrumMajorInstinct.pdf.The King Center
. n.d. “The King Philosophy
.” https://thekingcenter.org/about-tkc/the-king-philosophy/. Accessed January
30
, 2023
.Kluckhohn
, Clyde
. 1949
. Mirror for Man: The Relation of Anthropology to Modern Life
. New York
: Whittlesey House
.Levitan
, Monica
. 2018
. “Dr. Johnnetta B. Cole Appointed Chair and President of the National Council of Negro Women
.” Diverse Issues in Higher Education
, November 15
. https://diverseeducation.com/article/132085.Levitt
, Peggy
. 2015
. “Museums Must Attract Diverse Visitors or Risk Irrelevance
.” The Atlantic
, November
9
. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/11/museums-must-attract-diverse-visitors-or-risk-irrelevance/433347/.Lincoln
, Abraham
. 1864
. “Letter to Albert G. Hodges
.” In Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln
, vol. 7
, edited by Roy P.
Basler
, 281
–82
. New Brunswick, NJ
: Rutgers University Press
, 1953
.“MaVynee ‘Beach Lady’ Betsch.”
n.d. The History Makers. Accessed February
3
, 2020
. https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/mavynee-beach-lady-betsch-39.McClaurin
, Irma
. 2001
. Black Feminist Anthropology: Theory, Politics, Praxis, and Poetics
. New Brunswick, NJ
: Rutgers University Press
.McHenry
, Susan
. 1987
. “Spelman College Gets Its First Sister President
.” Ms.
, October
, 98
–99
.Niemöller
, Martin
. n.d. “First They Came for …
” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/martin-niemoeller-first-they-came-for-the-socialists.NPR
. 2023
. “Read Martin Luther King Jr.'s ‘I Have a Dream’ Speech in Its Entirety
.” January
16
. https://www.npr.org/2010/01/18/122701268/i-have-a-dream-speech-in-its-entirety.Obama
, Barack
. 2009a
. “President Obama's Remarks at a Student Roundtable in Turkey
.” New York Times
, April
7
. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/us/politics/07obama-turkey-transcript.html.Obama
, Barack
. 2009b
. “Text: Obama's Speech at the New Economic School
.” New York Times
, July
7
. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/world/europe/07prexy.text.html.Obama
, Michelle
. 2011
. “First Lady Michelle Obama: ‘When You Study Abroad, You're Helping to Make America Stronger.’
” January
19
. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2011/01/19/first-lady-michelle-obama-when-you-study-abroad-you-re-helping-make-america-stronger.Powell
, Richard J.
1999
. “To Conserve a Legacy: American Art from Historically Black Colleges and Universities
.” In Richard J.
Powell
and Jock
Reynolds
, To Conserve a Legacy: American Art from Historically Black Colleges and Universities
, 103
–43
. Andover, MA
: Addison Gallery of American Art
.The Root Staff
. 2014
. “Maya Angelou's Words That Spoke to All Our Lives
.” May
28
. https://www.theroot.com/maya-angelou-s-words-that-spoke-to-all-our-lives-1790875890Rosenbaum
, Lee
. 2011
. “AAMD Issues New Statement Deploring Fisk's $30-Million Crystal Bridges Deal
.” CultureGrrl
(blog), December
9
. https://www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl/2011/12/aamds_issues_strong_statement.html.Rymer
, Russ
. 2003
. “Beach Lady
.” Smithsonian Magazine
, June
. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/beach-lady-84237022/.Savage
, Charles
. 2021
. “Bill Cosby's Release from Prison, Explained
.” New York Times
, July
1
. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/01/arts/television/bill-cosby-conviction-overturned-why.html.Schaeffer
, Daniel
. 2018
. Anna Madgigine Jai Kingsley: African Princess, Florida Slave, Plantation Slaveowner
. Gainesville
: University Press of Florida
.Schmelzer
, Elise
. 2015
. “Why Are All of the Kids on My Study Abroad Trip White?”
USA Today
, March
11
. https://www.usatoday.com/story/college/2015/03/11/why-are-all-of-the-kids-on-my-study-abroad-trip-white/37401183/.Shriver
, Maria
. 2010
. “Art Is Fundamental—and Fundamental to Support
.” Huffpost
, June
25
. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/art-is-fundamental-and_b_626294.Sirleaf
, Ellen Johnson
. 2011
. Commencement Speech, Harvard University
, May
26
. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/05/text-of-ellen-johnson-sirleafs-speech/.Sweeney
, Karyn
. 2013
. “Inclusive Excellence and Underrepresentation of Students of Color in Study Abroad
.” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad
23
, no. 1
(Fall). https://frontiersjournal.org/index.php/Frontiers/article/view/326.Truth
, Sojourner
. 1851
. “Ain't I a Woman?”
In Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches
. Lit2Go Edition. https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/3089/aint-i-a-woman/.Truth
, Sojourner
. 1867
. Speech to the American Equal Rights Association, Church of the Puritans
, New York
, May 9
. https://www.newframe.com/from-the-archive-speech-to-the-american-equal-rights-association%EF%BB%BF/.United Farm Workers
. n.d. “Education of the Heart: Cesar Chavez in His Own Words
.” https://ufw.org/research/history/education-heart-cesar-chavez-words/.Walker
, Alice
. 1983
. “A Talk: Convocation 1972
.” In In Search of Our Mother's Gardens: Womanist Prose
, 33
–41
. San Diego
: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
.Watson
, Krista
. 2016
. “Why Richer Areas Get More School Funding than Poorer Ones
.” Global Citizen
, August
3
. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/cost-of-education-in-us/.Wiesel
, Elie
. 1986
. Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech
, Oslo
, December 10
. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1986/wiesel/acceptance-speech/.Williams
, Vanessa
. 2021
. “Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee Arrested at Voting Rights Protest on Capitol Hill
.” Washington Post
, July
29
. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/29/rep-sheila-jackson-lee-arrested-voting-rights-protests-capitol-hill/.Wilson
, William Julius
. 1987
. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Yelvington
, K. A.
2003
. “An Interview with Johnnetta Betsch Cole
.” Current Anthropology
44
, no. 2
: 275
–88
.