Book Chapter
Putting Fruitvale on the “Map”
-
Published:October 2022
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
This content is only available as PDF.
REFERENCES
Acuña
, Rodolfo
. 1972
. Occupied America: The Chicano’s Struggle toward Liberation
. San Francisco
: Canfield
.Acuña
, Rodolfo
. 2004
. Occupied America: A History of Chicanos
. New York
: Pearson Longman
.Allen
, Robert L.
1970
. Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytic History
. Garden City, NY
: Doubleday
.Anaya
, Rudolfo
, and Lomelí
Francisco A.
. 2017
. Aztlán: Essays on the Chicano Homeland
. Albuquerque
: University of New Mexico Press
.Anzaldúa
, Gloria
. 1983
. “Foreword to the Second Edition
”. In This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color
, edited by Moraga
Cherríe L.
and Anzaldúa
Gloria E.
, iv
–v
. Berkeley
: Third World Women
. Anzaldúa
, Gloria
. 2015
. Light in the Dark/Luz en Lo Oscuro: Rewriting Identity, Spirituality, Reality
. Edited by Keating
AnaLouise
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Arredondo
, Gabriela F.
, ed. 2003
. Chicana Feminisms: A Critical Reader. Post-contemporary Interventions
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Bardacke
, Frank
. 2012
. Trampling Out the Vintage: Cesar Chavez and the Two Souls of the United Farm Workers
. New York
: Verso
.Barnd
, Natchee Blu
. 2017
. Native Space: Geographic Strategies to Unsettle Settler Colonialism
. Corvallis
: Oregon State University Press
.Bauer
, William J.
2012
. “The Giant and the Waterbaby: Paiute Oral Traditions and the Owens Valley Water Wars
”. Boom: A Journal of California
2
(4
): 104
–17
.Bermúdez
, Rosie
. 2014
. “Chicana/o Movement Grassroots Leftists and Radical Electoral Politics in Los Angeles, 1970–1980
”. In The Chicano Movement: Perspectives from the Twenty-First Century
, edited by García
Mario T.
, 97
–116
. New York
: Routledge
.Bernardi
, Gene
. 1965
. “Characteristics of the Spanish Surname Population in the City of Oakland
.” Oakland, CA
: Oakland Interagency Project
.Biolsi
, Thomas
. 2005
. “Imagined Geographies: Sovereignty, Indigenous Space, and American Indian Struggle
”. American Ethnologist
32
(2
): 239
–59
.Blackwell
, Maylei
. 2011
. ¡Chicana Power! Contested Histories of Feminism in the Chicano Movement
. Austin
: University of Texas Press
.Blackwell
, Maylei
. 2012
. “The Practice of Autonomy in the Age of Neoliberalism: Strategies from Indigenous Women’s Organising in Mexico
”. Journal of Latin American Studies
44
(4
): 703
–32
.Blauner
, Robert
. 1969
. “Internal Colonialism and Ghetto Revolt
”. Social Problems
16
(4
): 393
–408
.Blish-Hughes
, E.
2004
. In Transit: A Ford Foundation Report
. Accessed November 29, 2009. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/environmental_justice/case_studies/fruitvale.pdf
.Bonilla-Silva
, Eduardo
. 2018
. Racism without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America
. 5th ed.Lanham, MD
: Rowman and Littlefield
.Brasher
, Arlene E.
1966
. “Mexican American Recipients’ Orientations towards and Modes of Adaptation to the Welfare System
”. PhD diss.
, University of California, Berkeley
.Brown
, Jacqueline Nassy
. 2005
. Dropping Anchor, Setting Sail: Geographies of Race in Black Liverpool
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Cacho
, Lisa Marie
. 2012
. Social Death: Racialized Rightlessness and the Criminalization of the Unprotected
. New York
: New York University Press
.Certeau
, Michel de
. 1984
. The Practice of Everyday Life
. Translated by Rendall
Steven
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Chávez
, Ernesto
. 1994
. “Creating Aztlán: The Chicano Movement in Los Angeles, 1966–1978
”. PhD diss.
, University of California
, Los Angeles
.Chávez
, Ernesto
. 2002
. “Mi Raza Primero!
” (My People First!): Nationalism, Identity, and Insurgency in the Chicano Movement in Los Angeles, 1966–1978
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Chávez
, John R.
2011
. “Aliens in Their Native Lands: The Persistence of Internal Colonial Theory
”. Journal of World History
22
(4
): 785
–809
.Chew
, Jeff
. 1991
. “Fruitvale: A Neighborhood Commercial Revitalization Plan
”. Department of City and Regional Planning
, University of California, Berkeley
.Clark
, Robert F.
2000
. Maximum Feasible Success: A History of the Community Action Program
. Washington, DC
: National Association of Community Action Agencies
.Clay
, Andreana
. 2012
. The Hip-Hop Generation Fights Back: Youth, Activism, and Post–Civil Rights Politics
. New York
: New York University Press
.Cotera
, Maria
, Blackwell
Maylei
, and Espinoza
Dion
. 2018
. Chicana Movidas: New Narratives of Activism and Feminism in the Movement Era
. Austin
: University of Texas Press
.Counts
, Laura
. 2004
. “Fruitvale Prepares to Open Village; Businesses Are Placing the Final Touches on the New
”. Tri-Valley Herald
, May
7
, 2004
.Craib
, Raymond B.
2004
. Cartographic Mexico: A History of State Fixations and Fugitive Landscapes
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Cruikshank
, Barbara
. 1999
. The Will to Empower: Democratic Citizens and Other Subjects
. Ithaca, NY
: Cornell University Press
.Davidson
, Chandler
, and Grofman
Bernard
, eds. 1994
. Quiet Revolution in the South: The Impact of the Voting Rights Act, 1965–1990
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Dávila
, Arlene
. 2004
. Barrio Dreams: Puerto Ricans, Latinos, and the Neoliberal City
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Dávila
, Arlene
. 2008
. Latino Spin: Public Image and the Whitewashing of Race
. New York
: New York University Press
.Delgado Bernal
, Dolores
. 1997
. “Chicana School Resistance and Grassroots Leadership: Providing an Alternative History of the 1968 East Los Angeles Blowouts
”. PhD diss.
, University of California
, Los Angeles
.Edney
, Matthew H.
2005
. “Putting ‘Cartography’ into the History of Cartography: Arthur H. Robinson, David Woodward, and the Creation of a Discipline
”. Cartographic Perspectives
, no. 51
, 14
–29
.Elwood
, S.
, Lawson
V.
, and Sheppard
E.
. 2016
. “Geographical Relational Poverty Studies
”. Progress in Human Geography
41
(6
): 745
–65
.Espinoza
, Dionne
. 2001
. “‘Revolutionary Sisters’: Women’s Solidarity and Collective Identification among Chicana Brown Berets in East Los Angeles, 1967–1970
”. Aztlan: A Journal of Chicano Studies
26
(1
): 15
–58
.Fanon
, Frantz
. (1963) 2004
. The Wretched of the Earth
. Translated by Richard Philcox. New York
: Grove
.Ferguson
, James
, and Gupta
Akhil
. 2002
. “Spatializing States: Toward an Ethnography of Neoliberal Governmentality
”. American Ethnologist
29
(4
): 981
–1002
.Ferguson
, Karen
. 2007
. “Organizing the Ghetto: The Ford Foundation, core, and White Power in the Black Power Era, 1967–1969
”. Journal of Urban History
34
(1
): 67
–100
.Ferguson
, Karen
. 2013
. Top Down: The Ford Foundation, Black Power, and the Reinvention of Racial Liberalism
. Philadelphia
: University of Pennsylvania Press
.Fisher
, Berenice
, and Tronto
Joan
. 1990
. “Toward a Feminist Theory of Caring
”. In Circles of Care: Work and Identity in Women’s Lives
, edited by Abel
Emily K.
and Nelson
Margaret
, 35
–62
. Albany
: State University of New York Press
.Flores
, Lori
. 2016
. Grounds for Dreaming: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the California Farmworker Movement
. New Haven, CT
: Yale University Press
.Ford Foundation
. 1973
. Community Development Corporations: A Strategy for Depressed Urban and Rural Areas; A Ford Foundation Policy Paper
. New York
: Ford Foundation
.Foucault
, Michel
. 2007
. Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977–1978
. Edited by Senellart
Mechel
. Translated by Burchell
Graham
. New York
: Palgrave Macmillan
.Galarza
, Ernesto
, Gallegos
Herman
, and Samora
Julian
. 1969
. Mexican-Americans in the Southwest
. Santa Barbara, CA
: McNally and Loftin
.Gallegos
, Herman E.
1989
. “Equity and Diversity: Hispanics in the Nonprofit World
”. Oral history conducted by Gabrielle Morris
. Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California
, Berkeley
.García
, Alma M.
, ed. 1997
. Chicana Feminist Thought: The Basic Historical Writings
. New York
: Routledge
.Garcia
, Mario T.
1994
. Memories of Chicano History: The Life and Narrative of Bert Corona
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Gilmore
, Ruth Wilson
. 2017
. “In the Shadow of the Shadow State
”. In The Revolution Will Not Be Funded: Beyond the Non-profit Industrial Complex
, edited by incite!
, 41
–52
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Glenn
, Evelyn Nakano
. 2010
. Forced to Care: Coercion and Caregiving in America
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Goeman
, Mishuana
. 2013
. Mark My Words: Native Women Mapping Our Nations
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Goldstein
, Brian D.
2017
. The Roots of Urban Renaissance: Gentrification and the Struggle over Harlem
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Gómez
, Alan Eladio
. 2008
. “Feminism, Torture, and the Politics of Chicana/Third World Solidarity: An Interview with Olga Talamante
”. Radical History Review
, no. 101
, 160
–78
.Gómez
, Alan Eladio
. 2016
. The Revolutionary Imaginations of Greater Mexico: Chicana/o Radicalism, Solidarity Politics, and Latin American Social Movements
. Austin
: University of Texas Press
.Gómez-Quiñones
, Juan
. 1978
. Mexican Students por La Raza: The Chicano Student Movement in Southern California 1967–1977
. Santa Barbara, CA
: Editorial La Causa
.Gómez-Quiñones
, Juan
. 1990
. Chicano Politics: Reality and Promise, 1940–1990
. Albuquerque
: University of New Mexico Press
.Gregory
, Steven
. 1999
. Black Corona: Race and the Politics of Place in an Urban Community
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Gruen, Gruen & Associates
. 1973
. Economic and Social Analysis of Three Oakland bart Station Areas; MacArthur, Rockridge, Fruitvale. A Report to the City of Oakland
. San Francisco, CA
.Gutiérrez
, David G.
1995
. Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Gutierrez
, Gustavo
. 1968
. A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation
. New York
: Orbis
.Gutierrez
, Jose Angel
. 1999
. The Making of a Chicano Militant: Lessons from Cristal
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
.Gutiérrez
, Ramón
. 2004
. “Internal Colonialism: An American Theory of Race
”. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race
1
(2
): 281
–95
.Guzmán
, Joshua Javier
, and Léon
Christina A.
. 2015
. “Cuts and Impressions: The Aesthetic Work of Lingering in Latinidad
”. Women and Performance: A Journal of Feminist Theory
25
(3
): 261
–76
.Hall
, Jacquelyn Dowd
. 2005
. “The Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past
”. Journal of American History
91
(4
): 1233
–63
.Harley
, J. B.
1988
. “Silences and Secrecy: The Hidden Agenda of Cartography in Early Modern Europe
”. Imago Mundi
40
:57
–76
.Harley
, J. B.
1992
. “Rereading the Maps of the Columbian Encounter
”. Annals of the Association of American Geographers
82
(3
): 522
–42
.Herrera
, Juan
. 2012
. “Unsettling the Geography of Oakland’s War on Poverty: Mexican American Political Organizations and the Decoupling of Poverty and Blackness
”. Du Bois Review
9
(2
): 375
–93
.Hondagneu-Sotelo
, Pierrette
. 1994
. Gendered Transitions: Mexican Experiences of Immigration
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Irving
, Carl
. 1963
. “Bay Area Warned on Race Problem
”. Oakland Tribune
, May
14
, 1963
, 8
.Jackson
, Thomas F.
1993
. “The State, the Movement, and the Urban Poor: The War on Poverty and Political Mobilization in the 1960s
”. In The “Underclass” Debate: Views from History
, edited by Katz
Michael B.
, 403
–39
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Jenkins
, J. Craig
, and Eckert
Craig M.
. 1986
. “Channeling Black Insurgency: Elite Patronage and Professional Social Movement Organizations in the Development of the Black Movement
”. American Sociological Review
51
(6
): 812
–29
.Johnson
, Gaye Theresa
. 2013
. Spaces of Conflict, Sounds of Solidarity: Music, Race, and Spatial Entitlement in Los Angeles
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Katz
, Michael B.
1993
. “The Urban ‘Underclass’ as a Metaphor for Social Transformation
”. In The “Underclass” Debate: Views from History
, edited by Katz
Michael B.
, 3
–26
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Kelley
, Robin D. G.
2002
. Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination
. Boston
: Beacon
.Kirkpatrick
, L. Owen
. 2007
. “The Two ‘Logics’ of Community Development: Neighborhoods, Markets, and Community Development Corporations
”. Politics and Society
35
(2
): 329
–69
.Kohl-Arenas
, Erica
. 2015
. “The Self-Help Myth: Towards a Theory of Philanthropy as Consensus Broker
”. American Journal of Economics and Sociology
74
(4
): 796
–825
.Kohl-Arenas
, Erica
. 2016
. The Self-Help Myth: How Philanthropy Fails to Alleviate Poverty
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Kramer
, Ralph M.
1969
. Participation of the Poor: Comparative Communities Case Studies in the War on Poverty
. Englewood Cliffs, NJ
: Prentice-Hall
.Krochmal
, Max
. 2016
. Blue Texas: The Making of a Multiracial Democratic Coalition in the Civil Rights Era
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Lawson
, Victoria
. 2007
. “Geographies of Care and Responsibility
”. Annals of the Association of American Geographers
97
(1
): 1
–11
.Lefebvre
, Henri
. 2009
. State, Space, World
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Leitner
, Helga
, Sheppard
Eric
, and Sziarto
Kristin M.
. 2008
. “The Spatialities of Contentious Politics
”. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
33
(2
): 157
–72
.Lekus
, Ian Keith
. 2004
. “Queer Harvests: Homosexuality, the US New Left, and the Venceremos Brigades to Cuba
”. Radical History Review
89
(1
): 57
–91
.Levinson
, Sandra
, and Brightman
Carol
, eds. 1971
. Venceremos Brigade: Young Americans Sharing the Life and Work of Revolutionary Cuba
. New York
: Simon and Schuster
.Lewis
, Oscar
. 1959
. Five Families: Mexican Case Studies in the Culture of Poverty
. New York
: Basic Books
.Lewis
, Oscar
. 1966
. La Vida: A Puerto Rican Family in the Culture of Poverty
. New York
: Random House
.Li
, Tania Murray
. 2007
. The Will to Improve: Governmentality, Development, and the Practice of Politics
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Limerick
, Patricia Nelson
. 1987
. The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West
. New York
: Norton
.Lipsitz
, George
. 2006
. The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Profit from Identity Politics
. Philadelphia
: Temple University Press
.Lopez
, Alberto V.
1996
. “Application of Three Dimensional Modeling and Urban Design Exercises in Citizen Participation (A Planning Exercise in the Fruitvale, Oakland CA)
”. Professional report (Master of City Planning)
. University of California
, Berkeley
.Los Angeles Daily News
. 1954
. “New National Organization Dedicated to Equal Rights
”. March
24
, 1954
, 3
.Magaña
, Maurice
. 2017
. “Spaces of Resistance, Everyday Activism, and Belonging: Youth Reimagining and Reconfiguring the City in Oaxaca, Mexico
”. Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology
22
(2
): 215
–34
.Magaña
, Maurice Rafael
. 2021
. Cartographies of Youth Resistance: Hip-Hop, Punk, and Urban Autonomy in Mexico
. Oakland
: University of California Press
.Magat
, Richard
. 1979
. The Ford Foundation at Work: Philanthropic Choices, Methods, and Styles
. New York
: Plenum
.Marquez
, Benjamin
. 2003
. “Mexican American Political Organizations and Philanthropy: Bankrolling a Social Movement
”. Social Science Review
77
(3
): 329
–46
.Marris
, Peter
, and Rein
Martin
. 1967
. Dilemmas of Social Reform: Poverty and Community Action in the United States
. Chicago
: Aldine
.Martin
, Deborah
, and Miller
Byron
. 2003
. “Space and Contentious Politics
”. Mobilization: An International Quarterly
8
(2
): 143
–56
.Martinez
, Arabella
. 1976
. “The Spanish Speaking Unity Council, inc., and Bay Area Foundations
”. Bay Area Foundation History V
. Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California
, Berkeley
.Martinez
, Arabella
. 1991
. An Interview Conducted by James Briggs Murray. Community Development Corporation Oral History Project
. New York Public Library, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
.Marwell
, Nicole P.
2004
. “Privatizing the Welfare State: Nonprofit Community-Based Organizations as Political Actors
”. American Sociological Review
69
(2
): 265
–91
.Massey
, Doreen B.
1994
. Space, Place, and Gender
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Massey
, Doreen B.
2004
. “Geographies of Responsibility
”. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography
86
(1
): 5
–18
.Massey
, Douglas S.
, and Denton
Nancy A.
. 1993
. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.McAdam
, Doug
. 1982
. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.McAdam
, Doug
, Tarrow
Sidney G.
, and Tilly
Charles
. 2001
. Dynamics of Contention
. New York
: Cambridge University Press
.McCaughan
, Edward
. 2012
. Art and Social Movements: Cultural Politics in Mexico and Aztlán
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.McKittrick
, Katherine
. 2006
. Demonic Grounds: Black Women and the Cartographies of Struggle
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.McKittrick
, Katherine
. 2011
. “On Plantations, Prisons, and a Black Sense of Place
”. Social and Cultural Geography
12
(8
): 947
–63
.McKittrick
, Katherine
, and Woods
Clyde
, eds. 2007
.Black Geographies and the Politics of Place
. Toronto
: South End
.Melamed
, Jodi
. 2006
. “The Spirit of Neoliberalism: From Racial Liberalism to Neoliberal Multiculturalism
”. Social Text 24
(4
) (89
): 1
–24
.Melamed
, Jodi
. 2011
. Represent and Destroy: Rationalizing Violence in the New Racial Capitalism
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Miranda
, Marie
“Keta
”. 2003
. Homegirls in the Public Sphere
. Austin
: University of Texas Press
.Molina
, Natalia
, HoSang
Daniel
, and Gutiérrez
Ramón A.
, eds. 2019
. Relational Formations of Race: Theory, Method, and Practice
. Oakland
: University of California Press
.Montaña
, Susana
. 1981
. “Fruitvale Neighborhood Commercial Revitalization (ncr) Project Development Program
”. Berkeley, CA
: Department of City and Regional Planning
.Mora
, Griselda Cristina
. 2009
. “De Muchos, Unos: The Institutionalization of Latino Panethnicity, 1960–1990
”. PhD diss.
, Princeton University
.Mora
, G. Cristina
. 2014
. Making Hispanics: How Activists, Bureaucrats, and Media Constructed a New American
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Moynihan
, Daniel P.
1969
. Maximum Feasible Misunderstanding: Community Action in the War on Poverty
. New York
: Free Press
.Murch
, Donna
. 2010
. Living for the City: Migration, Education, and the Rise of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Negrón-Gonzales
, Genevieve
. 2018
. “Illegality, Poverty, and Higher Education: A Relational Perspective on Undocumented Students and Educational Access
”. In Relational Poverty Politics: Forms, Struggles, and Possibilities
, edited by Lawson
Victoria
and Elmwood
Sarah
, 61
–76
. Athens
: University of Georgia Press
.Nelson
, Alondra
. 2011
. Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight against Medical Discrimination
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Nicholls
, Walter
. 2007
. “The Geographies of Social Movements
”. Geography Compass
1
(3
): 607
–22
.Nicholls
, Walter
. 2009
. “Place, Networks, Space: Theorising the Geographies of Social Movements
”. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
34
(1
): 78
–93
.Nichols
, William L.
1966
. Poverty and Poverty Programs in Oakland: A Report to the Department of Human Resources of the City of Oakland
. Berkeley
: Survey Research Center, University of California
.Nieto Gomez
, Anna
. 1997
. “Sexism in the Movimiento
”. In Chicana Feminist Thought: The Basic Historical Writings
, edited by Garcia
Alma M.
, 97
–99
. New York
: Routledge
.Oakland Tribune
. 1962
. “City Council Approves Top Posts for Ford Foundation
”. February
16
, 1962
, 1
.Oakland Tribune
. 1966
. “Demands Made of City by Mexican Americans
”. April
15
, 1966
, 4
.O’Connor
, Alice
. 1996
. “Community Action, Urban Reform, and the Fight against Poverty: The Ford Foundation’s Gray Areas Program
”. Journal of Urban History
22
(5
): 586
–625
.O’Connor
, Alice
. 1999
. “Swimming against the Tide: A Brief History of Federal Policy in Poor Communities
”. In Urban Problems and Community Development
, edited by Ferguson
Ronald F.
and Dickens
William T.
, 77
–138
. Washington, DC
: Brookings Institution Press
.O’Connor
, Alice
. 2001
. Poverty Knowledge: Social Science, Social Policy, and the Poor in Twentieth-Century U.S. History
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Office of Economic Opportunity
. 1965
. Workbook: Community Action Program
. Washington, DC
: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Institute of Education
.Olguín
, Ben V.
2007
. “Venceremos Is Plural for Victory: 37th Contingent of Venceremos Brigade Successfully Challenges Inhumane U.S. Embargo of Cuba
”. La Voz de Esperanza
20
(6
): 9
–16
.Ong
, Aihwa
. 2006
.Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Oropeza
, Lorena
. 2005
. ¡Raza Si! ¡Guerra No!: Chicano Protest and Patriotism during the Viet Nam War Era
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Orozco
, Manuel
, Austin
Michael
, and Beale
Elaine
. 2008
. “The Unity Council: Brief History of a Pioneering Community Development and Service Organization
”. Oakland, CA
. Accessed August 9, 2010. .Oslender
, Ulrich
. 2016
. The Geographies of Social Movements: Afro-Colombian Mobilization and the Aquatic Space
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Ostrander
, Susan A.
, 2005
. “Legacy and Promise for Social Justice Funding: Charitable Foundations and Progressive Social Movements, Past and Present
”. In Foundations for Social Change: Critical Perspectives on Philanthropy and Popular Movements
, edited by Faber
Daniel R.
and McCarthy
Deborah
, 33
–60
. New York
: Rowman and Littlefield
.Paoli
, Richard
. 2003
. “Village People: Oakland’s Fruitvale Project a Long Time in the Making
”. San Francisco Chronicle
, September
28
, 2003
.Paschel
, Tianna S.
2016
. Becoming Black Political Subjects: Movements and Ethnoracial Rights in Colombia and Brazil
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Pérez
, Emma
. 1999
. The Decolonial Imaginary: Writing Chicanas into History
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Portes
, Alejandro
, and Jensen
Leif
. 1987
. “What’s an Ethnic Enclave? The Case for Conceptual Clarity
”. American Sociological Review
52
(6
): 768
–71
.Portes
, Alejandro
, and Jensen
Leif
. 1992
. “Disproving the Enclave Hypothesis: A Reply to Sanders and Nee
”. American Sociological Review
57
(3
): 418
–20
.Pressman
, Jeffrey L.
1975
. Federal Programs and City Politics: The Dynamics of the Aid Process in Oakland
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Pulido
, Laura
. 2000
. “Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California
”. Annals of the Association of American Geographers
90
(1
): 12
–40
.Pulido
, Laura
. 2006
. Black, Brown, Yellow, and Left: Radical Activism in Los Angeles
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Pulido
, Laura
. 2017
. “Geographies of Race and Ethnicity II: Environmental Racism, Racial Capitalism and State-Sanctioned Violence
”. Progress in Human Geography
41
(4
): 524
–33
.Pulido
, Laura
. 2018
. “Geographies of Race and Ethnicity III: Settler Colonialism and Nonnative People
”. Progress in Human Geography
42
(2
): 309
–18
.Raco
, Mike
. 2003
. “Governmentality, Subject-Building, and the Discourses and Practices of Devolution in the UK
”. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
28
(1
): 75
–95
.Raco
, Mike
, and Imrie
Rob
. 2000
. “Governmentality and Rights and Responsibilities in Urban Policy
”. Environment and Planning A
32
(12
): 2187
–204
.Ramírez
, Margaret M.
2020
. “City as Borderland: Gentrification and the Policing of Black and Latinx Geographies in Oakland
”. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space
38
(1
): 147
–66
.Ramirez
, Renya K.
2007
. Native Hubs: Culture, Community, and Belonging in Silicon Valley and Beyond
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Record
, Wilson
. 1963
. “Minority Groups and Intergroup Relations in the San Francisco Bay Area
”. In The San Francisco Bay Area: Its Problems and Future
, edited by Scott
Stanley
, 1
–48
. Berkeley
: Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California
.Rhomberg
, Chris
. 2004
. No There There: Race, Class, and Political Community in Oakland
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Rios
, Victor M.
2011
. Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys
. New York
: New York University Press
.Rodriguez
, Dylan
. 2017
. “The Political Logic of the Non-profit Industrial Complex
”. In The Revolution Will Not Be Funded: Beyond the Non-profit Industrial Complex
, edited by incite!
, 21
–40
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Roelofs
, Joan
. 2003
. Foundations and Public Policy: The Mask of Pluralism
. Albany
: State University of New York Press
.Rothstein
, Richard
. 2017
. The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America
. New York
: Liveright
.Routledge
, Paul
. 1993
. Terrains of Resistance: Nonviolent Social Movements and the Contestation of Place in India
. Westport, CT
: Praeger
.Roy
, Ananya
. 2017
. “Dis/possessive Collectivism: Property and Personhood at City’s End
”. Geoforum
80
(March
): a1
–a11
.Roy
, Ananya
, Schrader
Stuart
, and Chane
Emma Shaw
. 2015
. “‘The Anti-poverty Hoax’: Development, Pacification, and the Making of Community in the Global 1960s
”. Cities
44
(April
): 139
–45
.Salzman
, Ed
. 1963
. “Castlemont’s Laboratory of Life: City Reaps Core Area Study Benefits
”. Oakland Tribune
, February
18
, 1963
, d19
.Sandoval
, Gerardo Francisco
. 2021
. “Planning the Barrio: Ethnic Identity and Struggles over Transit-Oriented, Development-Induced Gentrification
”. Journal of Planning Education and Research
41
(4
): 410
–24
.Scott-Heron
, Gil
. 1971
. “The Revolution Will Not Be Televised
”. On Pieces of a Man
. Flying Dutchman Productions
.Self
, Robert O.
2003
. American Babylon: Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Sherman
, G. W.
1953
. “Around the U.S.A.: A People Comes of Age
”. Nation
, March
28
, 1953
, 256
–57
.Smith
, Paul Chaat
, and Warrior
Robert Allen
. 1996
. Like a Hurricane: The Indian Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee
. New York
: New Press
.Sparke
, Matthew
. 2005
. In the Space of Theory: Postfoundational Geographies of the Nation-State
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Summers
, Brandi Thompson
. 2019
. Black in Place: The Spatial Aesthetics of Race in a Post-chocolate City
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Tarrow
, Sidney G.
1998
. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Tijerina
, Pete
. 1968
. Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund Annual Report to the Ford Foundation
. San Antonio
: Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund
.Tilly
, Charles
. 1986
. The Contentious French
. Cambridge, MA
: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
.Tronto
, Joan C.
2013
.Caring Democracy: Markets, Equality, and Justice
. New York
: New York University Press
.Turner-Lloveras
, Mario X.
1997
. “The Neighborhood Main Street Initiative in the Barrio: Commercial Revitalization in the Fruitvale District, Oakland, California
”. Master’s thesis
, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
.Unity Council
. 2016
. “News: Google Opens Computer Science Program in Fruit-vale
”. October
7
, 2016
. .Unity Council
. 2018
. “Who We Are
”. Accessed June 15, 2018. .Wadhwani
, Anita
. 1999
. “Unique bart Plan Renewing Fruitvale
”. SF Gate
, July
11
, 1999
. .Waldinger
, Roger
. 1993
. “The Ethnic Enclave Debate Revisited
”. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
17
(3
): 444
–52
.Weir
, Margaret
. 1988
. “The Federal Government and Unemployment: The Frustration of Policy Innovation from the New Deal to the Great Society
”. In The Politics of Social Policy in the United States
, edited by Weir
Margaret
, Orloff
Ann Shola
, and Skocpo
Theda
, 149
–90
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Weizman
, Eyal
. 2007
. Hollow Land: Israel’s Architecture of Occupation
. New York
: Verso
.Williams
, Harry E.
1975
. “OEO and Political Activation: The Experience of Community Action Participants in Oakland and San Francisco
”. PhD diss.
, University of California, Berkeley
.Wilson
, Kenneth
, and Portes
Alejandro
. 1980
. “Immigrant Enclaves: An Analysis of the Labor Market Experience of Cubans in Miami
”. American Journal of Sociology
86
(2
): 295
–319
.Wolch
, Jennifer R.
1990
. The Shadow State: Government and Voluntary Sector in Transition
. New York
: Foundation Center
.Wood
, Jim
. 1968
. “In Spanish or in English, Poverty Problem Lives
”. Oakland Tribune
, June
23
, 1968
, a8
.Yoneyama
, Lisa
. 1999
. Hiroshima Traces: Time, Space, and the Dialectics of Memory
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Zepeda-Millán
, Chris
. 2017
. Latino Mass Mobilization: Immigration, Racialization, and Activism
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.
