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Bibliography

Archival Collections

Archivo Nacional de Panamá (ANP)

Presidencia de Arnulfo Arias Madrid, 1940–1941 (PAAM)

Presidencia de José Remón Cantera, 1952–1955 (PJRC)

Presidencia de Ernesto de la Guardia, 1955–1959 (PEDG)

The Dedicators Inc., New York (TDI)

Velma Armstrong Papers (VAP)

Dorothy Haywood Personal Papers (DHP)

Grace Ingleton Papers (GIP)

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), College Park, Maryland

Record Group 59—Records of the Department of State, Central Decimal Files

Record Group 84—Records of the Foreign Ser vice Posts of the Department of State

Record Group 185—Records of the Panama Canal

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Northeast Region

Index to Petitions for Naturalization filed in Federal, State, and Local Courts Located in New York City, 1792–1989

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington, DC

Record Group 85—Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787–2004

Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library (SCRBC)

Robert H. Beecher Papers (RBP)

Ewart Guinier Papers (EGP)

George W. Westerman Papers (GWP)

Tamiment Library and Roger F. Wagner Labor Archives (TLRWLA), New York University

American Business Consultants Inc.

Abram Flaxer Papers (AFP)

Edward K. Welsh Papers (EWP)

Government Reports, Publications, and Databases
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CREST Reports
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de la Guardia
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Segunda conversacion con el pueblo panameño
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Engelhardt
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Report of the Survey of the Schools of the Panama Canal Zone
.
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King
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Memoria que el Ministro de Gobierno y Justicia presenta a la Honorable Asamblea Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias
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Panama City
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Memoria que el Secretario en el Despacho de Relaciones Exteriores presenta a La Asamblea Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias
.
Panama City
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.
Panama Canal Commission
.
Panama Canal Review
.
Balboa Heights, Canal Zone
:
1954–55
.
República de Panamá
.
Gaceta Oficial
.
Panama City
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Gobierno Nacional de Panamá
,
1926–70
.
US Bureau of the Census
.
Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940: Panama Canal Zone Population
.
Washington, DC
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National Archives and Records Administration
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1941
.
US Department of Justice
.
Annual Report of the Immigration and Naturalization Service
.
Washington, DC
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US Department of Justice
,
1947, 1949, 1950
.
Newspapers

Americas Daily (Miami)

Daily Gleaner (Kingston)

El Atlántico/The Atlantic (Colón)

El Mundo Gráfico (Panama City)

El País (Panama City)

El Panamá América/Panama American (Panama City)

La Estrella de Panamá/Star and Herald (Panama City)

La Hora (Panama City)

La Nación/The Nation (Panama City)

La Prensa (Panama City)

La República/The Republic (Panama City)

La Tribuna (Panama City)

Matutino (Panama City)

New York Amsterdam News (New York)

New York Times (New York)

Panama News (Panama City)

Panama Tribune/La Tribuna de Panamá (Panama City)

Interviews

Alder, Bernice. Brooklyn. July 30, 2008.

Armstrong, Velma. Brooklyn. February 29, 2009.

Bayne Smith, Marcia. Phone interview. March 2, 2011.

Beecher, Clarence. Chicago. September 11, 2008.

Haywood, Dorothy. Phone interview. February 18, 2011.

Hassán de Yorente, Coralia. Panama City. July 26, 2001.

Ingleton, Grace. Queens, New York. February 18, 2008.

Lowe de Goodin, Melva. Panama City. July 13, 2001.

Núñez, Aminta. Panama City. July 10, 2001.

Samuel, Ruthwin. Queens, New York. February 18, 2008.

Books, Articles, Dissertations, and Other Sources
Acosta
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.
Influencia decisiva de la opinión pública en el rechazo del Convenio Filos-Hines de 1947
.
Panama City
:
Editorial Universitaria
,
1994
.
Alfaro
,
Olmedo
.
El peligro antillano en la América Central: La defensa de la raza
.
Panama City
:
Imprenta Nacional
,
1924
.
Altink
,
Henrice
.
Destined for a Life of Ser vice: Defining African-Jamaican Womanhood, 1865–1938
.
Manchester
:
Manchester University Press
,
2011
.
Alvarez
,
Sonia E.
, and
Caldwell
Kia Lilly
. “
Promoting Feminist Amefricanidade: Bridging Black Feminist Cultures and Politics in the Americas
.”
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14
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xi
.
Anderson
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Benedict
.
Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism
.
New York
:
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,
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.
Anderson
,
Carol
. “
Bleached Souls and Red Negroes: The NAACP and Black Communists in the Early Cold War, 1948–1952
.” In
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Brenda Gayle
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Chapel Hill
:
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,
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.
Andrews
,
George Reid
.
Afro-Latin America, 1800–2000
.
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:
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,
2004
.
Aparicio
,
Fernando
.
Liberalismo, federalismo y nación: Justo Arosemena en su contexto histórico
.
Panama City
:
Editorial Portobelo
,
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.
Appelbaum
,
Nancy P.
Muddied Waters: Race, Region, and Local History in Colombia, 1846–1948
.
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,
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.
Appelbaum
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.
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,
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.
Araúz
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Virgilio
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.
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,
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.
Araúz Monfante
,
Celestino Andrés
.
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.
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,
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.
Araúz Monfante
,
Celestino Andrés
.
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.
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,
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Araúz Monfante
,
Celestino Andrés
, and
Pizzurno
Patricia
. “
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.”
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.
Ariail
,
Cat
. “
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.”
Journal of Sport History
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Arnesen
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Eric
. “
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.”
American Communist History
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. “
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,
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.
Barrow
,
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.
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.
Panama City
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,
2001
.
Barrow
,
Alberto
, and
Priestley
George
.
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.
Berg
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. “
Black Civil Rights and Liberal Anticommunism: The NAACP in the Early Cold War
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Biondi
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Martha
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‘Brooklyn College Belongs to Us’: Black Students and the Transformation of Public Higher Education in New York City
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The Merchants of Panama and the U.S. Commercial Agencies in the Canal Zone: Documents Relative to the Complaints of Panama Merchants and Industrialists over the Competitive Activities of Commissaries, Club houses, and Post Exchanges in the Canal Zone
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La Boca, Canal Zone
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.
Westerman
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.
Westerman
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.
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,
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.
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.
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91
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46
.

Figures & Tables

Contents

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References

Bibliography

Archival Collections

Archivo Nacional de Panamá (ANP)

Presidencia de Arnulfo Arias Madrid, 1940–1941 (PAAM)

Presidencia de José Remón Cantera, 1952–1955 (PJRC)

Presidencia de Ernesto de la Guardia, 1955–1959 (PEDG)

The Dedicators Inc., New York (TDI)

Velma Armstrong Papers (VAP)

Dorothy Haywood Personal Papers (DHP)

Grace Ingleton Papers (GIP)

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), College Park, Maryland

Record Group 59—Records of the Department of State, Central Decimal Files

Record Group 84—Records of the Foreign Ser vice Posts of the Department of State

Record Group 185—Records of the Panama Canal

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Northeast Region

Index to Petitions for Naturalization filed in Federal, State, and Local Courts Located in New York City, 1792–1989

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington, DC

Record Group 85—Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787–2004

Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library (SCRBC)

Robert H. Beecher Papers (RBP)

Ewart Guinier Papers (EGP)

George W. Westerman Papers (GWP)

Tamiment Library and Roger F. Wagner Labor Archives (TLRWLA), New York University

American Business Consultants Inc.

Abram Flaxer Papers (AFP)

Edward K. Welsh Papers (EWP)

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Americas Daily (Miami)

Daily Gleaner (Kingston)

El Atlántico/The Atlantic (Colón)

El Mundo Gráfico (Panama City)

El País (Panama City)

El Panamá América/Panama American (Panama City)

La Estrella de Panamá/Star and Herald (Panama City)

La Hora (Panama City)

La Nación/The Nation (Panama City)

La Prensa (Panama City)

La República/The Republic (Panama City)

La Tribuna (Panama City)

Matutino (Panama City)

New York Amsterdam News (New York)

New York Times (New York)

Panama News (Panama City)

Panama Tribune/La Tribuna de Panamá (Panama City)

Interviews

Alder, Bernice. Brooklyn. July 30, 2008.

Armstrong, Velma. Brooklyn. February 29, 2009.

Bayne Smith, Marcia. Phone interview. March 2, 2011.

Beecher, Clarence. Chicago. September 11, 2008.

Haywood, Dorothy. Phone interview. February 18, 2011.

Hassán de Yorente, Coralia. Panama City. July 26, 2001.

Ingleton, Grace. Queens, New York. February 18, 2008.

Lowe de Goodin, Melva. Panama City. July 13, 2001.

Núñez, Aminta. Panama City. July 10, 2001.

Samuel, Ruthwin. Queens, New York. February 18, 2008.

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.
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