Book Chapter
The Moroccan Film Industry A Contre-Jour: The Unpredictable Odyssey of a Small National Cinema
By
-
Published:October 2021
Citation
Kevin Dwyer, 2021. "The Moroccan Film Industry A Contre-Jour: The Unpredictable Odyssey of a Small National Cinema", Anthropology, Film Industries, Modularity, Ramyar D. Rossoukh, Steven C. Caton
Download citation file:
This content is only available as PDF.
References
Abu-Lughod
, Lila
. 2005
. Dramas of Nationhood: The Politics of Television in Egypt
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Acland
, Charles R.
2003
. Screen Traffic: Movies, Multiplexes, and Global Culture
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Adams
, Vincanne
, Murphy
Michelle
, and Clarke
Adele E.
. 2009
. “Anticipation: Technoscience, Life, Affect, Temporality
.” Subjectivity
28
(1
): 246
–265
.Adejunmobi
, Moradewun
. 2016
. “Introduction: African Science Fiction
.” Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry
3
(3
): 265
–272
.Adichie
, Chimamanda Ngozi
. 2009
. “The Danger of a Single Story
.” TED
, July
. https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_ngozi_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story?
African Futures: Four Interdisciplinary Festivals
. 2015
. Johannesburg Programme Poster
. Goethe-Institut
. .Ahmed
, Asad Ali
. 2009
. “Spectres of Macaulay: Blasphemy, the Indian Penal Code and Pakistan’s Postcolonial Predicament
.” In Censorship in South Asia: Cultural Regulation from Sedition to Seduction
, edited by Kaur
Raminder
and Mazzarella
William
, 172
–205
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Ahmed
, Nazneen
. 2014
. “The Poetics of Nationalism: Cultural Resistance and Poetry in East Pakistan/Bangladesh, 1952–71
.” Journal of Postcolonial Writing
50
(3
): 256
–268
.Ahmed
, Sara
. 2006
. Queer Phenomenology: Orientations, Objects, Others
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Ahram Online
. 2013
. “African Film Enjoys Rare Cannes Outing
.” May
20
. .Akdim
, Youssef
. 2012
. “Maroc: L’art et la manière forte
.” Jeune Afrique
, June
25
. .Akomfrah
, John
, dir. 1986
. Handsworth Songs
[film]
. London
: Black Audio Film Collective
.Allen
, Robert
, and Gomery
Douglas
. 1985
. Film History: Theory and Practice
. New York
: Knopf
.Al-Maswari
, Hizaa’
. 2004
. Friday sermon at Al-Hadda Mosque, early February
. Tape transcript and translation by Caton
Steven C.
. Sana’a, Yemen
.Anderson
, Reynaldo
, and Jones
Charles E.
, eds. 2016
. Afrofuturism 2.0: The Rise of Astro-Blackness
. Lanham, MD
: Lexington
.Annamalai
, E.
2004
. “Nativization of English in India and Its Effect on Multilingualism
.” Journal of Language and Politics
3
(1
): 151
–162
.Anonymous
. n.d
. Felix Films [printed brochure]
. London
: Sana’a
.APA
. 2020
. “Maroc: Plus de 485.000 visionnages complets provenant de 101 pays enregistrés sur les serveurs du ccm
.” June
12
. .Appadurai
, Arjun
. 1986
. “Introduction: Commodities and the Politics of Value
.” In The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective
, edited by Appadurai
Arjun
, 3
–63
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Appel
, Hannah
. 2012
. “Offshore Work: Oil, Modularity, and the How of Capitalism in Equatorial Guinea
.” American Ethnologist
39
(4
): 692
–709
.Armbrust
, Walter
. 1996
. Mass Culture and Modernism in Egypt
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Ascheid
, Antje
. 1997
. “Speaking Tongues: Cinema as Cultural Ventriloquism
.” Velvet Light Trap
40
(fall): 32
–41
.Askew
, Kelly
, and Wilk
Richard R.
, eds. 2002
. The Anthropology of Media: A Reader
. Malden, MA
: Blackwell
.Association des critik
. 2011
. “Communiqué
.” Cinemaroc
, November
26
. .Atwood
, Blake
. 2016
. Reform Cinema in Iran: Film and Political Change in the Islamic Republic
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Badger
, Clarence C.
, dir. 1917
. Teddy at the Throttle
. Hollywood, CA
: Keystone Studios
.Bahmad
, Jamal
. 2019
. “Art of Peacebuilding Transitional Justice and Unfinished Reconciliation in Moroccan Cinema
.” In Dialogic Configurations in Post-colonial Morocco: Rhetorical Conjectures in Arts, Culture and Politics
, edited by Mokhtari
Najib
, 167
–180
. Rabat, Morocco
: International University of Rabat
.Bajoghli
, Narges
. 2019
. Iran Reframed: Anxieties of Power in the Islamic Republic
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.Balio
, Tino
, ed. 1985
. The American Film Industry
. Rev. ed. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
.Balio
, Tino
. 1993
. Grand Design: Hollywood as a Modern Business Enterprise, 1930–1939
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Bamzai
, Kaveree
. 2005
. “Shakti Kapoor Caught in Sting Operation Offering Work in Bollywood for Sex
.” India Today
, March
28
. .Bamzai
, Sandeep
. 2009
. “K Soap Queen Seeks a Fresh Lease of Life
.” Exchange4media
, October
21
. .Banks
, Miranda J.
, Conor
Bridget
, and Mayer
Vicki
, eds. 2016
. Production Studies, the Sequel! Cultural Studies of Global Media Industries
. New York
: Routledge
.Barrett
, Diana
. 2017
. “Virtual Reality: A Funder’s Perspective
.” Immerse
, May
30
. .Batabyal
, Somnath
. 2012
. Making News in India: Star News and Star Ananda
. New Delhi
: Routledge
.Bekolo
, Jean-Pierre
, dir. 2005
. Les Saignantes
[film]
. Cameroon
: Quartier Mozart Films
.Benjamin
, Walter
. 1969
. Illuminations: Essays and Reflections
. Translated by Zohn
Harry
. Edited by Arendt
Hannah
. New York
: Schocken Books
.Benjamin
, Walter
. 1979
. “A Small History of Photography
.” In One-Way Street and Other Writings
, translated by Jephcott
Edmund
and Shorter
Kingsley
, 240
–257
. London
: Verso
.Benveniste
, Emile
. 1971
. “The Nature of Pronouns
.” In Problems in General Linguistics
, translated by Meek
Mary Elizabeth
, 217
–222
. Coral Gables, FL
: University of Miami Press
.Bernabo
, Laurena Elizabeth Nelson
. 2017
. “Translating Identity: Norms and Industrial Constraints in Adapting Glee for Latin America
.” PhD diss.
, University of Iowa
.Berry
, Chris
. 2010
. “What Is Transnational Cinema? Thinking from the Chinese Situation
.” Transnational Cinemas
1
(2
): 111
–127
.Berry
, Chris
, and Farquhar
Mary
. 2005
. “Shadow Opera: Towards a New Archaeology of the Chinese Cinema
.” In Chinese Language Film: Historiography, Poetics, Politics
, edited by Lu
Sheldon H.
and Yeh
Emilie Yueh-yu
, 27
–51
. Honolulu
: University of Hawai‘i Press
.Bielskyte
, Monika
. 2017
. “Virtual Reality as Possibility Space
.” Medium
, March
4
. .Bilton
, Nick
. 2017
. “Why Hollywood as We Know It Is Already Over
.” Vanity Fair
, January
29
. .Bolter
, Jay David
, and Grusin
Richard
. 2000
. Remediation: Understanding New Media
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Bordwell
, David
. 2001
. “Aesthetics in Action: Kungfu, Gunplay, and Cinematic Expressivity
.” In At Full Speed: Hong Kong Cinema in a Borderless World
, edited by Yau
Esther C. M.
, 73
–94
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Bordwell
, David
. 2006
. The Way Hollywood Tells It: Story and Style in Modern Movies
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Bordwell
, David
, Staiger
Janet
, and Thompson
Kristin
. 2003
. The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style and Mode of Production to 1960
. London
: Routledge
.Bordwell
, David
, and Thompson
Kristin
. 2008
. Film Art: An Introduction
. 8th ed. Boston
: McGraw Hill
.Bosseaux
, Charlotte
. 2015
. Dubbing, Film and Performance: Uncanny Encounters
. Oxford
: Peter Lang
.Bouhmouch
, Nadir
. 2013
. “Why I’m a Moroccan Standing with the Sahrawi People
.” Ciranda
, October
4
. .Bouhmouch
, Nadir
, and Terrass
Elias
. 2017
. “The Rise and Fall of Moroccan Cinema
.” Al Jazeera
, November
17
. .Bourdieu
, Pierre
. 1984
. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste
. Translated by Nice
Richard
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Braudy
, Leo
. 2004
. “Genre: The Conventions of Connection
.” In Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings
, 6th ed., edited by Braudy
Leo
and Cohen
Marshall
, 663
–679
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Bright
, Jake
. 2015
. “Meet ‘Nollywood’: The Second Largest Movie Industry in the World
.” Fortune
, June
24
. .Brillhart
, Jessica
. 2016
. “In the Blink of a Mind—Prologue
.” Medium
, January
12
. .Brooker
, Will
, and Jermyn
Deborah
, eds. 2003
. The Audience Studies Reader
. London
: Routledge
.Brown
, Adrienne Maree
, and Imarisha
Walidah
, eds. 2015
. Octavia’s Brood: Science Fiction Stories from Social Justice Movements
. Oakland, CA
: AK Press
.Brown
, Wendy
. 2005
. Edgework: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Burt
, Richard
. 1994
. The Administration of Aesthetics: Censorship, Political Criticism, and the Public Sphere
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Busch
, Anita
. 2015
. “ ‘Midnight Rider’ Director Randall Miller Issues Statement from Jail—Updated
.” Deadline
, March
20
. .Busch
, Anita
. 2017a
. “Paramount Pictures Launching First Virtual Reality Movie Theater
.” Deadline
, December
20
. .Busch
, Anita
. 2017b
. “Sarah Jones Family v. CSX: Local Manager Charley Baxter’s Big Reveal
.” Deadline
, July
15
. .Butcher
, Melissa
. 2003
. Transnational Television, Cultural Identity and Change: When STAR Came to India
. New Delhi
: Sage
.Caldwell
, John Thornton
. 2008
. Production Culture: Industrial Reflexivity and Critical Practice in Film and Television
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Carstens
, Delphi
, and Roberts
Mer
. 2009
. “Protocols for Experiments in African Science Fiction
.” Scrutiny2: Issues in English Studies in Southern Africa
14
(1
): 79
–94
.Casetti
, Francesco
. 2015
. The Lumière Galaxy: 7 Key Words for the Cinema to Come
. New York
: New York University Press
.Caton
, Steven C.
1999
. Lawrence of Arabia: A Film’s Anthropology
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Caton
, Steven C.
2000
. “The Sheik: Instabilities of Race and Gender in Transatlantic Popular Culture of the Early 1920s
.” In Noble Dreams, Wicked Pleasures: Orientalism in America, 1870–1930
, edited by Edwards
Holly
, 99
–117
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Chakrabarty
, Dipesh
. 1999
. “Nation and Imagination: The Training of the Eye in Bengali Modernity
.” Topoi
18
, no. 1
: 29
–47
.Chakravartty
, Paula
, and Roy
Srirupa
. 2015
. “Mr. Modi Goes to Delhi: Mediated Populism and the 2014 Indian Elections
.” Television and New Media
16
(4
): 311
–322
.Chan
, Melanie
. 2014
. Virtual Reality: Representations in Contemporary Media
. New York
: Bloomsbury
.Chimurenga Chronic
. 2016
. “The Corpse Exhibition and Older Graphic Stories
.” August
14
. .Chin
, Zela
. 2018
. “Celluloid Ceiling
” [video]. Money Magazine
, March
30
. .Chion
, Michel
. 1999
. The Voice in Cinema
. Edited and translated by Gorbman
Claudia
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Chowdhry
, Angad
. 2011
. “MMS Scandals and Challenges to the Authority of News Mediation
.” In Indian Mass Media and the Politics of Change
, ed. Batabyal
Somnath
, Chowdhury
Angad
, Gaur
Meenu
, and Pohjonen
Matti
, 122
–139
. New Delhi
: Routledge
.Chuchu
, Jim
, dir. 2014
. Stories of Our Lives
[film]
. Kenya
: Nest Collective and Big World Cinema
.Chung
, Hye Jean
. 2011
. “Spectral Bodies and Uncanny Effect: Cosmopolitan Anxieties in Shutter
.” Spectator
30
(1
): 10
–16
.Chung
, Hye Jean
. 2018
. Media Heterotopias: Digital Effects and Material Labor in Global Film Production
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.CNPF
. 2017
. “Communique de Presse Commun
.” March
15
. .“
The Code for Censorship of Films in Bangladesh
.” 1985
. Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Ministry of Information Notification, Dhaka
, November
16
. .Coleman
, E. Gabriella
. 2010
. “Ethnographic Approaches to Digital Media
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
39
(1
): 487
–505
.Collins
, Samuel Gerald
. 2008
. All Tomorrow’s Cultures: Anthropological Engagements with the Future
. New York
: Berghahn Books
.Comaroff
, Jean
, and Comaroff
John L.
. 1991
. Of Revelation and Revolution, vol. 1: Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Comaroff
, Jean
, and Comaroff
John L.
. 2011
. Theory from the South: Or, How Euro-America Is Evolving toward Africa
. New York
: Paradigm
.Copjec
, Joan
. 1994
. Read My Desire: Lacan against the Historicists
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Curtin
, Michael
. 2007
. Playing to the World’s Biggest Audience: The Globalization of Chinese Film and tv
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Curtin
, Michael
, and Sanson
Kevin
, eds. 2016
. Precarious Creativity: Global Media, Local Labor
. Oakland
: University of California Press
.Dabashi
, Hamid
. 2001
. Close-Up: Iranian Cinema, Past, Pre sent and Future
. London
: Verso
.Dahya
, Reza
. 2018
. “Afrofuturism, Sci-Fi and Why ‘It Is a Radical Act for Black People to Imagine Having a Future’
.” CBC Arts
, January
30
. .Dancyger
, Ken
. 2007
. The Technique of Film and Video Editing: History, Theory, and Practice
. 4th ed. Oxford
: Focal
.Dass
, Manishita
. 2015
. Outside the Lettered City: Cinema, Modernity, and the Public Sphere in Late Colonial India
. Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.Davier
, Lucile
. 2014
. “The Paradoxical Invisibility of Translation in the Highly Multilingual Context of News Agencies
.” Global Media and Communication
10
(1
): 53
–72
.Decherney
, Peter
, and Atwood
Blake
, eds. 2015
. Iranian Cinema in a Global Context: Policy, Politics, and Form
. London
: Routledge
.de Klee
, Katie
. 2016
. “Jonathan Dotse Makes Virtual Reality Experiences in Accra
.” Design Indaba
, July
18
. .Derné
, Steve
. 2000
. Movies, Masculinity, and Modernity: An Ethnography of Men’s Movie-Going in India
. Westport, CT
: Greenwood
.Dery
, Mark
. 1994
. “Black to the Future: Interviews with Samuel R. Delany, Greg Tate, and Tricia Rose
.” In Flame Wars: The Discourse of Cyberculture
, 179
–222
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Diamandis
, Peter
, and Kotler
Steven
. 2012
. Abundance: The Future Is Better Than You Think
. New York
: Free Press
.Dickey
, Sara
. 1993
. Cinema and the Urban Poor in South India
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Dickey
, Sara
. 1997
. “Anthropology and Its Contributions to Studies of Mass Media
.” International Social Science Journal
153
: 413
–427
.Directors Guild of America
. n.d
. “The Founding of the Women’s Steering Committee
.” Accessed May 23, 2018. .Doane
, Mary Ann
. 1980
. “The Voice in the Cinema: The Articulation of Body and Space
.” Yale French Studies
60
: 33
–50
.Doane
, Mary Ann
. 2002
. The Emergence of Cinematic Time: Modernity, Contingency, the Archive
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Doane
, Mary Ann
. 2007
. “The Indexical and the Concept of Medium Specificity
.” Differences
18
(1
): 128
–152
.Dodson
, Michael S.
2005
. “Translating Science, Translating Empire: The Power of Language in Colonial North India
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
47
(4
): 809
–835
.Donoghue
, Courtney Brannon
. 2014
. “Sony and Local-Language Productions: Conglomerate Hollywood’s Strategy of Flexible Localization for the Global Film Market
.” Cinema Journal
53
(4
): 3
–27
.Doostdar
, Alireza
. 2019
. “Hollywood Cosmopolitanisms and the Occult Resonance of Cinema
.” Comparative Islamic Studies
13
(1–2
): 121
–149
.Dorian
, Marc
, Putrino
Lauren
, and Valiente
Alexa
. 2014
. “Midnight Rider Hairstylist Describes When Train Hit Her, Killed Fellow Crew Member
.” ABC News
, October
31
.Dornfeld
, Barry
. 1998
. Producing Public Television, Producing Public Culture
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Drew
, Bernard A.
2013
. Motion Pictures Series and Sequels: A Reference Guide
. Oxford
: Routledge
.Ďurovičová
, Nataša
, and Newman
Kathleen
, eds. 2010
. World Cinemas, Transnational Perspectives
. New York
: Routledge
.Dwoskin
, Elizabeth
, and Gowen
Annie
. 2018
. “On WhatsApp, Fake News Is Fast, and Can Be Fatal
.” Washington Post
, July
23
. .Dwyer
, Kevin
. 1982
. Moroccan Dialogues: Anthropology in Question
. Baltimore
: Johns Hopkins University Press
.Dwyer
, Kevin
. 2002
. “Moroccan Filmmaking: A Long Voyage through the Straits of Paradox
.” In Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East
, edited by Bowen
Donna Lee
and Early
E. A.
, 349
–359
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Dwyer
, Kevin
. 2004a
. Beyond Casablanca: M.A. Tazi and the Adventure of Moroccan Cinema
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Dwyer
, Kevin
. 2004b
. “Un pays, une décennie, deux comédies
.” In Cinémas du Maghreb
, edited by Serceau
Michel
, 86
–91
. Cinemaction no. 111
. Paris
: Corlet
.Dwyer
, Kevin
. 2007
. “Moroccan Cinema and the Promotion of Culture
.” Journal of North African Studies
12
(3
): 277
–286
.Dwyer
, Kevin
. 2011
. “Morocco: A National Cinema with Large Ambitions
.” In Film in the Middle East and North Africa: Creative Dissidence
, edited by Gugler
J.
, 325
–338
. Austin
: University of Texas Press
.Dwyer
, Kevin
. 2020
. “ Family Resemblance: An Anthropologist Looks at Moroccan Documentary
.” In Cinema of the Arab World: Contemporary Directions in Theory and Practice
, edited by Ginsberg
T.
and Lippard
C.
, 231
–278
. London
: Palgrave Macmillan
.Dwyer
, Rachel
, and Pinney
Christopher
. 2001
. Pleasure and the Nation: The History, Politics, and Consumption of Public Culture in India
. New Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.Dwyer
, Rachel
, and Pinto
Jerry
. 2011
. Beyond the Boundaries of Bollywood: The Many Forms of Hindi Cinema
. New Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.Economist
. 2011
. “Africa Rising
.” December
3
.Eisenstein
, Sergei
. 1949
. Film Form: Essays in Film Theory
. New York
: Harcourt, Brace and World
.Electric South
. 2017
. “Electric South Announces Participants for New Dimensions VR Lab
.” Medium
, July
20
. .Elsaesser
, Thomas
. 2013
. “Digital Cinema: Convergence or Contradiction?
” In The Oxford Handbook of Sound and Image in Digital Media
, edited by Vernallis
Carol
, Herzog
Amy
, and Richardson
John
. Oxford Handbooks
. New York
: Oxford University Press
. doi:.Elsaesser
, Thomas
. 2019
. “National, Transnational, and Intermedial Perspectives in Post-2008 European Cinema
.” In Contemporary European Cinema: Crisis Narratives and Narratives in Crisis
, edited by Kaklamanidou
Betty
and Corbalán
Ana M.
, 20
–36
. London
: Routledge
.Encounters
. 2017
. “Virtual Encounters: Programme
.” Twentieth Encounters South African International Documentary Festival
. .Ernst & Young
. 2018
. Re-imagining India’s M&E Sector
. New Delhi
: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
.Eshun
, Kodwo
. 2003
. “Further Considerations of Afrofuturism
.” CR: The New Centennial Review
3
(2
): 287
–302
.Eshun
, Kodwo
. 2004
. “Untimely Meditations: Reflections on the Black Audio Film Collective
.” Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art
19
(summer): 38
–45
.Eshun
, Kodwo
. 2019
. “To Win the War, You Fought It Sideways: Kojo Laing’s Major Gentl and the Achimota Wars
.” In We Travel the Space Ways: Black Imagination, Fragments, and Diffractions
, edited by Gunkel
Henriette
and Lynch
Kara
. Bielefeld
: Transcript Verlag
.EuroMed Audiovisuel
. 2013
. “Projet de collecte de données statistiques sur les marchés cinématographiques et audiovisuels dans 9 pays méditerranéens. Monographies nationales: 2. Maroc
.” .Expresso Show
. 2017
. “AFDA Students Produce South Africa’s First VR Film
” [video]
. YouTube
, November
23
. .Fabian
, Johannes
. 1983
. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Fairservice
, Don
. 2001
. Film Editing: History, Theory and Practice—Looking at the Invisible
. Manchester
: Manchester University Press
.Fernandes
, Leela
. 2006
. India’s New Middle Class: Democratic Politics in an Era of Economic Reform
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Ferrari
, Chiara Francesca
. 2011
. Since When Is Fran Drescher Jewish? Dubbing Stereotypes in The Nanny, The Simpsons, and The Sopranos
. Austin
: University of Texas Press
.Ferrell
, Jeff
. 1993
. Crimes of Style: Urban Graffiti and the Politics of Criminality
. New York
: Garland
.Fischer
, Lucy
. 1999
. “Film Editing
.” In A Companion to Film Theory
, edited by Miller
Toby
and Stam
Robert
, 64
–83
. Malden, MA
: Blackwell
.Fischer
, Michael M. J.
2004
. Mute Dreams, Blind Owls, and Dispersed Knowledges: Persian Poesis in the Transnational Circuitry
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Flaherty
, Robert J.
1922
. “How I Filmed Nanook of the North
.” World’s Work
, October
, 632
–640
.Freud
, Sigmund
. (1919) 1955
. “The ‘Uncanny’
.” In An Infantile Neurosis and Other Works (1917–1919), vol. 17 of The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
, 219
–252
. London
: Hogarth
.Fritz
, Ben
. 2017
. “The End of the Feature Film
.” Wall Street Journal
, July
11
. .Frosch
, Jon
. 2013
. “Exclusive Interview: ‘ There Is a Place for Gays in Islam’
.” France24
, September
5
. .Furstenau
, Marc
. 2018
. “Film Editing, Digital Montage, and the ‘Ontology’ of Cinema
.” Cinémas
28
(2–3
): 29
–49
. doi:.Gal
, Susan
. 2015
. “Politics of Translation
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
44
: 225
–240
.Ganti
, Tejaswini
. 1998
. “Centenary Commemorations or Centenary Contestations?—Celebrating a Hundred Years of Cinema in Bombay
.” Visual Anthropology
11
(4
): 399
–419
.Ganti
, Tejaswini
. 2012a
. Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Ganti
, Tejaswini
. 2012b
. “Sentiments of Disdain and Practices of Distinction: Boundary-Work, Subjectivity, and Value in the Hindi Film Industry
.” Anthropological Quarterly
85
(1
): 5
–43
.Ganti
, Tejaswini
. 2014
. “The Value of Ethnography
.” Media Industries Studies Journal
1
(1
): 16
–20
. doi:.Ganti
, Tejaswini
. 2021
. “Blurring the Boundaries between Hollywood and Bollywood: The Production of Dubbed Films in Mumbai
.” In Industrial Networks of Indian Cinema: Shooting Stars, Shifting Geographies and Multiplying Media
, edited by Mehta
Monika
and Mukherjee
Madhuja
, 208
–221
. London
: Routledge
.Gaonkar
, Dilip P.
, and Povinelli
Elizabeth
. 2003
. “Technologies of Public Forms: Circulation, Transfiguration, Recognition
.” Public Culture
15
(3
): 385
–397
.Geertz
, Clifford
. 1973
. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays
. New York
: Basic Books
.Gharbi
, Neila
. 2013
. “Le cinéma marocain, un modèle à suivre?
” La Presse Magazine
, February
17
, 6
–8
.Giddens
, Anthony
. 1991
. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.Gilroy
, Paul
. 1994
. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Ginsburg
, Faye D.
1991
. “Indigenous Media: Faustian Contract or Global Village?
” Cultural Anthropology
6
(1
): 92
–112
.Ginsburg
, Faye D.
, Abu-Lughod
Lila
, and Larkin
Brian
. 2002
. Media Worlds: Anthropology on New Terrain
. Berkeley
: California University Press
.Gipson
, Grace
. 2019
. “Creating and Imagining Black Futures through Afrofuturism
.” In #Identity: Hashtagging Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Nation
, edited by de Kosnik
Abigail
and Feldmann
Keith P.
. Ann Arbor
: University of Michigan Press
.Gleich
, Joshua
. 2019
. “ ‘Good Oriental Setting’: Negotiating San Francisco Locations
.” Velvet Trap
83
(spring): 18
–31
.Gleich
, Joshua
, and Webb
Lawrence
, eds. 2019
. Hollywood on Location: An Industry History
. New Brunswick, NJ
: Rutgers University Press
.Goethe-Institut South Africa
. 2015
. “New Dimensions: A Virtual Reality Exhibition
.” Issuu
, October
19
. .Goldstone
, Brian
, and Obarrio
Juan
, eds. 2016
. African Futures: Essays on Crisis Emergence, and Possibility
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Gomery
, Doug
. 2005
. The Hollywood Studio System: A History
. London
: British Film Institute
.Gopalan
, Lalitha
. 2001
. “Indian Cinema
.” In An Introduction to Film Studies
, 3rd ed., edited by Nelmes
Jill
, 359
–388
. London
: Routledge
.Gopalan
, Lalitha
. 2003
. Cinema of Interruptions: Action Genres in Contemporary India
. Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.Govil
, Nitin
. 2013
. “Recognizing ‘Industry’
.” Cinema Journal
52
, no. 3
(spring): 172
–176
.Govil
, Nitin
. 2015a
. “On Comparison
.” Media Industries Studies Journal
1
(3
): 1
–6
. doi:.Govil
, Nitin
. 2015b
. Orienting Hollywood: A Century of Film Culture between Los Angeles and Bollywood
. New York
: New York University Press
.Graiouid
, Said
, and Belghazi
Taieb
. 2013
. “Cultural Production and Cultural Patronage in Morocco: The State, the Islamists, and the Field of Culture
.” Journal of African Cultural Studies
25
(3
): 261
–274
.Gray
, Mary L.
, and Suri
Siddharth
. 2019
. Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass
. New York
: Eamon Dolan Books
.Grosz
, Elizabeth
. 2004
. The Nick of Time: Politics, Evolution, and the Untimely
. Crows Nest, NSW
: Allen and Unwin
.GSMA
. 2017
. “The Mobile Economy—Sub-Saharan Africa 2017
.” Global Systems for Mobile Communications Association
. .Guback
, Thomas H.
1969
. The International Film Industry: Western Europe and America since 1945
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Gunkel
, Henriette
, and Lynch
Kara
, eds. 2019
. We Travel the Space Ways: Black Imagination, Fragments, and Diffractions
. Bielefeld
: Transcript Verlag
.Gunning
, Tom
. 2006
. “The Cinema of Attraction[s]: Early Film, Its Spectator, and the Avant-Garde
.” In The Cinema of Attractions: Reloaded
, edited by Strauven
Wanda
, 381
–388
. Amsterdam
: Amsterdam University Press
.Guyer
, Jane
. 2007
. “Prophecy and the Near Future: Thoughts on Macroeconomic, Evangelical, and Punctuated Time
.” American Ethnologist
34
(3
): 409
–421
.H24 Info
. 2018
. “Après le ras-le-bol des professionnels du cinéma, le ccm audité par Jettou
.” February
3
. .Habermas
, Jürgen
. (1962) 1989
. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Hanchard
, Michael
. 1999
. “Afro-Modernity: Temporality, Politics, and the African Diaspora
.” Public Culture
11
(1
): 245
–268
.Hansen
, Miriam
. 1991
. Babel and Babylon: Spectatorship in American Silent Film
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Harari
, Yuval Noah
. 2017
. Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow
. New York
: HarperCollins
.Hardt
, Michael
. 2007
. Foreword to The Affective Turn: Theorizing the Social
, edited by Clough
Patricia Ticineto
and Halley
Jean
, ix
–xiii
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Harper
, Graeme
, and Rayner
Jonathan
, eds. 2010
. Cinema and Landscape: Film, Nation and Cultural Geography
. Bristol
: Intellect
.Heidegger
, Martin
. (1927) 1962
. Being and Time
. Translated by Macquarrie
John
and Robinson
Edward
. New York
: Harper
.Heidenreich-Seleme
, Lien
, and O’Toole
Sean
, eds. 2016
. African Futures: Thinking about the Future through Word and Image
. Bielefeld
: Kerber
.Herbert
, Daniel
, Lotz
Amanda D.
, and Punathambekar
Aswin
. 2020
. Media Industry Studies
. Cambridge, UK
: Polity
.Hespress
. 2019
. “FIDADOC d’Agadir: Des projections ambulantes de films dans plusieurs communes
.” May
31
. .Higbee
, Will
, and Lim
Song Hwee
. 2010
. “Concepts of Transnational Cinema: Towards a Critical Transnationalism in Film Studies
.” Transnational Cinemas
1
(1
): 7
–21
.Hirsch
, Afua
. 2013
. “ ‘This Is Not a Good Place to Live’: Inside Ghana’s Dump for Electronic Waste
.” Guardian
, December
14
. .Hirsi
, Bader Ben
, dir. 2000
. The British Sheikh and the Yemeni Gentleman
. London
: Felix Films
.Hjort
, Mette
. 2005
. Small Nation, Global Cinema: The New Danish Cinema
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Hoek
, Lotte
. 2010
. “Unstable Celluloid: Film Projection and the Cinema Audience in Bangladesh
.” BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies
1
(1
): 49
–66
.Hoek
, Lotte
. 2014
. Cut-Pieces: Celluloid Obscenity and Popular Cinema in Bangladesh
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Hoek
, Lotte
. 2019
. “Pictures on Paper: Censoring Cinematic Culture through the Bangladesh Film Club Act
.” Terrain
72
. .Holt
, Jennifer
, and Perren
Alisa
, eds. 2009
. Media Industries: History, Theory, and Method
. Malden, MA
: Wiley-Blackwell
.Holt
, Jennifer
, and Perren
Alisa
. 2019
. “Media Industries: A Decade in Review
.” In Making Media: Production, Practices, and Professions
, edited by Deuze
Mark
and Prenger
Mirjam
, 31
–43
. Amsterdam
: Amsterdam University Press
.Honwana
, Alcinda
. 2012
. The Time of Youth: Work, Social Change, and Politics in Africa
. Sterling, VA
: Kumarian
.Horkheimer
, Max
, and Adorno
Theodor
. (1944) 1989
. “The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception
.” In Dialectic of Enlightenment
, translated by Cumming
John
, 120
–167
. New York
: Continuum
.Hughes
, Stephen P.
2000
. “Policing Silent Film Exhibition in Colonial South India
.” In Making Meaning in Indian Cinema
, edited by Vasudevan
Ravi S.
, 39
–64
. New Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.Hugo
, Esthie
. 2017
. “Looking Forward, Looking Back: Animating Magic, Modernity and the African City-Future in Nnedi Okorafor’s Lagoon
.” Social Dynamics
43
(1
): 46
–58
.Hull
, Mathew
. 2012
. Government of Paper: The Materiality of Bureaucracy in Urban Pakistan
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Human Rights Watch
. 2017
. The Red Lines Stay Red: Morocco’s Reforms of Its Speech Laws
. .Hyde
, Lewis
. 2010
. Trickster Makes This World: Mischief, Myth and Art
. New York
: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
.Idtnaine
, Omar
. 2008
. “Le cinéma amazigh au Maroc: Éléments d’une naissance artistique
.” Africultures
, October
19
. .Irvine
, Judith
. 1988
. “When Talk Isn’t Cheap: Language and Political Economy
.” American Ethnologist
16
(2
): 248
–267
.Jacobson
, Brian R.
2015
. Studios before the System: Architecture, Technology, and the Emergence of Cinematic Space
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Jaikumar
, Priya
. 2006
. Cinema at the End of Empire: A Politics of Transition in Britain and India
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Jayadeva
, Sazana
. 2018
. “ ‘Below English Line’: An Ethnographic Exploration of Class and the English Language in Post-liberalization India
.” Modern Asian Studies
52
(2
): 576
–608
.Jedlowski
, Alessandro
. 2016
. “Avenues of Participation and Strategies of Control: Video Film Production and Social Mobility in Ethiopia and Southern Nigeria
.” In Production Studies, the Sequel! Cultural Studies of Global Media Industries
, edited by Banks
Miranda J.
, Conor
Bridget
, and Mayer
Vicki
, 175
–186
. New York
: Routledge
.Jedlowski
, Alessandro
, and Santanera
Giovanna
, eds. 2015
. Lagos Calling: Nollywood e la reinvenzione del cinema in Africa
. Rome
: Ariccia
.Jeffrey
, Robin
. 2000
. India’s Newspaper Revolution: Capitalism, Politics, and the Indian-Language Press, 1977–99
. Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.Jenkins
, Henry
. 2006
. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide
. New York
: New York University Press
.Jiang
, Irene
. 2019
. “Silver and Water in Morocco: Q&A with Nadir Bouhmouch
.” Roads and Kingdoms
, March
29
. .Jin
, Dal Yong
. 2020
. Transnational Korean Cinema: Cultural Politics, Film Genres, and Digital Technologies
. New Brunswick, NJ
: Rutgers University Press
.Johnson
, Scott
. 2014a
. “Exclusive Interview with Parents of ‘Midnight Rider’ Victim Sarah Jones
.” Hollywood Reporter
, March
4
. .Johnson
, Scott
. 2014b
. “A Train, a Narrow Trestle, and 60 Seconds to Escape: How Midnight Rider Victim Sarah Jones Lost Her Life
.” Hollywood Reporter
, March
4
. .Kaes
, Anton
, Baer
Nicholas
, and Cowan
Michael
. 2016
. The Promise of Cinema: German Film Theory, 1907–1933
. Oakland
: University of California Press
.Kane
, Selly Raby
. 2017
. The Other Dakar
. MIT Open Documentary Lab_docubase
. .Kaplan
, Robert D.
1994
. “The Coming Anarchy: How Scarcity, Crime, Overpopulation, Tribalism, and Disease Are Rapidly Destroying the Social Fabric of Our Planet
.” Atlantic Monthly
, February
, 44
.Kar
, Law
. 2000
. “The American Connection in Early Hong Kong Cinema
.” In The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity
, edited by Fu
Poshek
and Desser
David
, 44
–70
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Kaur
, Raminder
, and Mazzarella
William
, eds. 2009
. Censorship in South Asia: Cultural Regulation from Sedition to Seduction
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Keil
, Charlie
, and Whissel
Kristen
. 2016
. Editing and Special/Visual Effects
. New Brunswick, NJ
: Rutgers University Press
.Khan
, Hassan N.
, Hounshell
David A.
, and Fuchs
Erica R. H.
. 2018
. “Science and Research Policy at the End of Moore’s Law
.” Nature Electronics
1
(January
): 14
–21
. doi:.Kong
, Travis
. 2015
. “Buying Sex as Edgework: Hong Kong Male Clients in Commercial Sex
.” British Journal of Criminology
56
(1
): 105
–122
. doi:.Kopp
, Ingrid
. 2017
. “Who Is VR For?
” Immerse
, August
30
. .Kottak
, Conrad
. 1990
. Prime-Time Society: An Anthropological Analysis of Television and Culture
. Belmont, CA
: Wadsworth
.KPMG
. 2017
. Media and Entertainment Industry Report: Media for the Masses: The Promise Unfolds
. New Delhi
: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
.Kracauer
, Siegfried
. (1947) 2004
. From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film
. Rev. and expanded ed. Edited by Quaresima
Leonardo
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Kracauer
, Siegfried
. (1960) 1997
. Theory of Film: The Redemption of Physical Reality
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Kracauer
, Siegfried
. (1963) 1995
. The Mass Ornament: Weimar Essays
. Translated and edited by Levin
Thomas Y.
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Krauss
, Rosalind
. 1986
. The Originality of the Avant-Garde and Other Modernist Myths
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.LaDousa
, Chaise
. 2014
. Hindi Is Our Ground, English Is Our Sky: Education, Language, and Social Class in Contemporary India
. New York
: Berghahn
.Langford
, Michelle
. 2008
. “Negotiating the Sacred Body in Iranian Cinema(s): National, Physical and Cinematic Embodiment in Majid Majidi’s Baran (2002)
.” In Negotiating the Sacred 2: Blasphemy and Sacrilege in the Arts
, edited by Coleman
Elizabeth Burns
and Fernandes-Dias
Maria Suzette
, 161
–171
. Canberra
: ANU E Press
.Larkin
, Brian
. 2008
. Signal and Noise: Media, Infrastructure, and Urban Culture in Nigeria
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Larsen
, Mads
. 2018
. “Virtual Sidekick: Second-Person POV in Narrative VR
.” Journal of Screenwriting
9
(1
): 73
–83
.Lauzen
, Martha M.
2018
. “The Celluloid Ceiling: Behind-the-Scenes Employment of Women on the Top 100, 250, and 500 Films of 2017
.” San Diego, CA
: Center for the Study of Women in Television and Film, San Diego State University
. .Lee
, Benjamin
, and LiPuma
Edward
. 2002
. “Cultures of Circulation: The Imaginations of Modernity
.” Public Culture
14
(1
): 191
–213
.Lefebvre
, Martin
, and Furstenau
Marc
. 2002
. “Digital Editing and Montage: The Vanishing Celluloid and Beyond
.” Cinémas/Revue d’études cinématographiques
13
(1–2
): 69
–107
.Le Matin
. 2013
. “Le nouveau souffle des ciné-clubs
.” October
21
. .Le Matin
. 2016
. “16e Festival international du film de Marrakech
.” December
6
. .Lemov
, Rebecca
. 2015
. “On Not Being There: The Data-Driven Body at Work and at Play
.” Hedgehog Review
17
, no. 2
(summer). .Lévy
, Noémie
. 2018
. “Une oeuvre figurant le Kamasutra dans une main de Fatma censurée au Maroc
.” March
5
. .Liang
, Lawrence
. 2011
. “Media’s Law: From Representation to Affect
.” BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies
2
(1
): 23
–40
.Lindsay
, Jennifer
. 2005
. Speaking the Truth: Speech on Television in New Order Indonesia
. ARI Working Paper Series, no. 34
. Singapore
: Asia Research Institute
.Lo
, Dennis
. 2016
. “From Experiencing Life to Life Experiences: Location Shooting Practices in Chinese and Taiwanese New Wave Cinemas
.” In Production Studies, the Sequel! Cultural Studies of Global Media Industries
, edited by Banks
Miranda J.
, Conor
Bridget
, and Mayer
Vicki
, 187
–195
. New York
: Routledge
.Lois
, Jennifer
. 2001
. “Peaks and Valleys: The Gendered Emotional Culture of Edgework
.” Gender and Society
15
(3
): 381
–406
. doi:.Lukács
, Gabriella
. 2010
. Scripted Affects, Branded Selves: Television, Subjectivity, and Capitalism in 1990s Japan
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Lyng
, Stephen
. 1990
. “Edgework: A Social Psychological Analysis of Voluntary Risk Taking
.” American Journal of Sociology
95
(4
): 851
–886
.Maghress
. 2017
. “Plan d’action 2017–2021 du Ministère de la Culture
.” August
7
. .Mahon
, Maureen
. 2000
. “The Visible Evidence of Cultural Producers
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
29
(1
): 467
–492
.Majumdar
, Rochona
. 2012
. “Debating Radical Cinema: A History of the Film Society Movement in India
.” Modern Asian Studies
46
(3
): 731
–767
.Makhulu
, Anne-Maria
, Buggenhagen
Beth A.
, and Jackson
Stephen
, eds. 2010
. Hard Work, Hard Times: Global Volatility and African Subjectivities
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Mankekar
, Purnima
. 1999
. Screening Culture, Viewing Politics: An Ethnography of Television, Womanhood, and Nation in Postcolonial India
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Martin
, Florence
. 2011
. Screens and Veils: Maghrebi Women’s Cinema
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Martin
, Sylvia J.
2012a
. “Of Ghosts and Gangsters: Capitalist Cultural Production and the Hong Kong Film Industry
.” Visual Anthropology Review
28
(1
): 32
–49
.Martin
, Sylvia J.
2012b
. “Stunt Workers and Spectacle: Ethnography of Physical Risk in Hollywood and Hong Kong
.” In Film and Risk
, edited by Hjort
Mette
, 97
–114
. Detroit
: Wayne State University Press
.Martin
, Sylvia J.
2017
. Haunted: An Ethnography of the Hollywood and Hong Kong Media Industries
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Mashigo
, Mohale
. 2018
. “Afrofuturism Is Not for Africans Living in Africa
.” Johannesburg Review of Books
, October
1
. .Mavhunga
, Clapperton Chakanesta
, ed. 2017
. What Do Science, Technology, and Innovation Mean from Africa?
Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Mayer
, Vicki
. 2011
. Below the Line: Producers and Production Studies in the New Television Economy
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Mayer
, Vicki
, Banks
Miranda J.
, and Caldwell
John T.
. 2009
. Production Studies: Cultural Studies of Media Industries
. London
: Routledge
.Mazumdar
, Ranjani
. 2007
. Bombay Cinema: An Archive of the City
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Mazumdar
, Ranjani
. 2009
. “That Elusive Object of Cinema
.” Television and New Media
10
(1
): 105
–107
.Mazzarella
, William
. 2004
. “Culture, Globalization, Mediation
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
33
(1
): 345
–367
.Mazzarella
, William
. 2013
. Censorium: Cinema and the Open Edge of Mass Publicity
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Mbeki
, Moeletsi
. 2009
. Architects of Poverty: Why African Capitalism Needs Changing
. Johannesburg
: Picador Africa
.Mbeki
, Thabo
. 1998
. “The African Renaissance: South Africa and the World
.” Address at United Nations University
, Tokyo, Japan
, April 9
.Mbembe
, Achille
. 2016a
. “Africa in the New Century
.” Massachusetts Review
57
(1
): 91
–104
.Mbembe
, Achille
. 2016b
. “Africa in Theory
.” In African Futures: Essays on Crisis Emergence, and Possibility
, edited by Goldstone
Brian
and Obarrio
Juan
, 212
–230
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.McKernan
, Brian
. 2005
. Digital Cinema: The Revolution in Cinematography, Postproduction, and Distribution
. New York
: McGraw Hill
.Mehta
, Monika
. 2011
. Censorship and Sexuality in Bombay Cinema
. Austin
: University of Texas Press
.Mehta
, Nalin
. 2008
. India on Television: How Satellite News Channels Have Changed the Way We Think and Act
. New Delhi
: HarperCollins
.Menara
. 2016
. “Cinéma: Les producteurs marocains appellent à un ‘plan de sauvetage’
.” October
27
. .Metz
, Christian
. 1982
. The Imaginary Signifier: Psychoanalysis and the Cinema
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Meyer
, Birgit
. 2015
. Sensational Movies: Video, Vision, and Christianity in Ghana
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Millar
, Kathleen
. 2014
. “The Precarious Present: Wageless Labor and Disrupted Life in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
.” Cultural Anthropology
29
(1
): 32
–53
. doi:.Miller
, Randall
, dir. 2014
. Midnight Rider
. Savannah, GA
: Film Allman llc, Unclaimed Freight Productions
.Miller
, Toby
, Govil
Nitin
, McMurria
John
, Maxwell
Richard
, and Wang
Ting
. 2005
. Global Hollywood 2
. London
: British Film Institute
.Mitter
, Partha
. 2007
. The Triumph of Modernism: India’s Artists and the Avant-Garde, 1922–47
. London
: Reaktion
.Miyao
, Daisuke
. 2013
. The Aesthetics of Shadow: Lighting and Japanese Cinema
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Mokammel
, Tanvir
. 2013
. “The Short-Film Movement
.” In The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics
, edited by Guhathakurta
Meghna
and van Schendel
Willem
, 390
–393
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Monteiro
, Anjali
, and Jayasankar
K. P.
. 1994
. “The Spectator-Indian: An Exploratory Study in the Reception of News
.” Cultural Studies
8
(1
): 162
–182
.Montfort
, Patrice
. 2002
. “Nigeria: Le raz-de-marée de la home video
.” Africultures
45
(February
): 47
–48
.Mookherjee
, Nayanika
. 2007
. “The ‘Dead and Their Double Duties’: Mourning, Melancholia, and the Martyred Intellectual Memorials in Bangladesh
.” Space and Culture
10
(2
): 271
–291
.Morocco World News
. 2015
. “Morocco Bans Nabil Ayouch’s Film on Prostitution
.” May
25
. .Mottahedeh
, Negar
. 2008
. Displaced Allegories: Post-revolutionary Iranian Cinema
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.MPAA
. 2016
. Theatrical Market Statistics 2016
. Los Angeles
: Motion Picture Association of America
.Muñoz
, José Esteban
. 2009
. Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity
. New York
: New York University Press
.Myers
, Fred
. 2001
. “Introduction
.” In The Empire of Things: Regimes of Value and Material Culture
, edited by Myers
Fred
, 3
–61
. Santa Fe, NM
: School of American Research Press
.Nader
, Laura
. 1974
. “Up the Anthropologist: Perspectives Gained from Studying Up
.” In Reinventing Anthropology
, edited by Hymes
Dell
, 284
–311
. New York
: Vintage
.Naficy
, Hamid
. 1993
. Making of Exile Culture: Iranian Television in Los Angeles
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Naficy
, Hamid
. 2012a
. A Social History of Iranian Cinema, vol. 3: The Islamicate Period, 1978–1984
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Naficy
, Hamid
. 2012b
. A Social History of Iranian Cinema, vol. 4: The Globalizing Era, 1984–2010
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Nagib
, Lúcia
, Perriam
Chris
, and Dudrah
Rajinder
. 2012
. Theorizing World Cinema
. London
: I. B. Tauris
.Nakassis
, Constantine
, and Weidman
Amanda
. 2018
. “Vision, Voice, and Cinematic Presence
.” Diferences
29
(3
): 107
–136
.Nanni
, Giordano
. 2012
. The Colonisation of Time: Ritual, Routine and Resistance in the British Empire
. Manchester
: Manchester University Press
.Ndhlovu
, Finex
. 2018
. Language, Vernacular Discourse and Nationalisms: Uncovering the Myths of Transnational Worlds
. Cham, Switzerland
: Palgrave Macmillan
.Neale
, Steve
, and Smith
Murray
, eds. 1998
. Contemporary Hollywood Cinema
. New York
: Routledge
.Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o
. 2009
. Something Torn and New: An African Renaissance
. New York
: Basic Civitas Books
.Ninan
, Sevanti
. 2007
. Headlines from the Heartlands: Reinventing the Hindi Public Sphere
. New Delhi
: Sage
.Nyawalo
, Mich
. 2016
. “Afro-futurism and the Aesthetics of Hope in Bekolo’s Les Saignantes and Kahiu’s Pumzi
.” Journal of the African Literature Association
10
(2
): 209
–221
.Okorafor
, Nnedi
. 2019
. “Africanfuturism Defined
.” Nnedi’s Wahala Zone Blog
. October
19
. .Oldham
, Gabriella
. 2012
. First Cut 2: More Conversations with Film Editors
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Onuoha
, Debbie
. 2016
. “Economies of Waste: Rethinking Waste along the Korle Lagoon
.” Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography
6
(1
): 1
–16
.Ortner
, Sherry
. 2010
. “Access: Reflections on Studying Up in Hollywood
.” Ethnography
11
(2
): 211
–233
.Ortner
, Sherry B.
2013
. Not Hollywood: Independent Film at the Twilight of the American Dream
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Ottaviani
, Jacopo
. 2015
. “E-waste Republic
.” Al Jazeera Interactives
. .Ouamer-Ali
, Tarik
. 2018
. “La théorie de l’art propre a encore de beaux jours devant elle!
” Founoune Art Média
, March
15
. .Page
, David
, and Crawley
William
. 2001
. Satellites over South Asia: Broadcasting Culture and the Public Interest
. New Delhi
: Sage
.Pak-Shiraz
, Nacim
. 2011
. Shi‘i Islam in Iranian Cinema: Religion and Spirituality in Film
. London
: I. B. Tauris
.Pandian
, Anand
. 2012
. “The Time of Anthropology: Notes from a Field of Contemporary Experience
.” Cultural Anthropology
27
(4
): 547
–571
.Pandian
, Anand
. 2015
. Reel World: An Anthropology of Creation
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Park
, Young-a
. 2015
. Unexpected Alliances: In de pen dent Filmmakers, the State, and the Film Industry in Post-authoritarian South Korea
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.Pauline
. 2015
. “Comment défendre le documentaire marocain?
” Telquel
, January
9
. .Peterson
, Mark
. 2010
. “Getting the News in New Delhi: Newspaper Literacies in an Indian Mediascape
.” In The Anthropology of News and Journalism: Global Perspectives
, edited by Bird
S. Elizabeth
, 168
–182
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Phillips
, Rasheedah
. 2015
. Black Quantum Futurism: Theory and Practice
, vol. 1
. Philadelphia
: Afrofuturist Affair/House of Future Sciences Book
.Picket
, Mallory
. 2017
. “Action at a Distance: Why Hollywood’s Most Thrilling Scenes Are Now Orchestrated Thousands of Miles Away
.” New York Times Magazine
, May
7
, 66
.Pinney
, Christopher
. 1992
. “ Future Travel: Anthropology and Cultural Distance in an Age of Virtual Reality; Or, A Past Seen from a Possible Future
.” Visual Anthropology Review
8
(1
): 38
–55
.Povinelli
, Elizabeth
. 2001
. “Translation in a Global Market: Editor’s Note
.” Public Culture
13
(1
): ix
–xi
.Powdermaker
, Hortense
. 1966
. Stranger and Friend: The Way of an Anthropologist
. New York
: Norton
.Prakash
, Gyan
. 1999
. Another Reason: Science and the Imagination of Modern India
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Prasad
, M. Madhava
. 1998
. The Ideology of the Hindi Film: A Historical Construction
. Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.Punathambekar
, Aswin
. 2013
. From Bombay to Bollywood: The Making of a Global Media Industry
. New York
: New York University Press
.Punathambekar
, Aswin
, with Chopra
Rohit
and Ahmed
Manan
. 2012
. “A Conversation
.” Seminar: A Country of Our Own
, no. 632
(April
).Punathambekar
, Aswin
, with Kumar
Shanti
. 2012
. “Television at Large
.” South Asian History and Culture
3
(4
): 483
–490
.Quayson
, Ato
. 1997
. Strategic Transformations in Nigerian Writing: Orality and History in the Work of Rev. Samuel Johnson, Amos Tutuola, Wole Soyinka and Ben Okri
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Quid
. 2018
. “L’Impasse du cinéma national vue par le cnpf
.” November
21
. .Qureshi
, Irna
. 2010
. “Destigmatising Star Texts—Honour and Shame among Muslim Women in Pakistani Cinema
.” In South Asian Media Cultures: Representations, Audiences and Contexts
, edited by Banaji
Shakuntala
, 181
–198
. London
: Anthem
.Rabinow
, Paul
. 2008
. Marking Time: On the Anthropology of the Contemporary
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Rahman
, Harisur
. 2017
. “Bollywoodization or Ghettoization? The Bangladeshi Dream Factory Is in Disarray
.” Studies in South Asian Film and Media
8
(2
): 109
–123
.Rajadhyaksha
, Ashish
. 1990
. “Beaming Messages to the Nation
.” Journal of Arts and Ideas
19
: 33
–52
.Rajadhyaksha
, Ashish
. 1999
. “The Judgement: Re-forming the Public
.” Journal of Arts and Ideas
32–33
: 131
–150
.Rajadhyaksha
, Ashish
. 2009
. Indian Cinema in the Time of Celluloid: From Bollywood to the Emergency
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Rajadhyaksha
, Ashish
. 2012
. “A Theory of Cinema That Can Account for Indian Cinema?
” In Theorizing World Cinema
, edited by Nagib
Lúcia
, Perriam
Chris
, and Dudrah
Rajinder
, 45
–59
. London
: I. B. Tauris
.Rajagopal
, Arvind
. 2001
. Politics after Television: Hindu Nationalism and the Reshaping of the Public in India
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Raju
, Zakir Hossain
. 2013
. “Rickshaw Puller’s Dreams: From a Cultural History to an Economic Geography of Bangladesh Popular Cinema
.” In Bangladesh’s Changing Media Landscape: From State Control to Market Forces
, edited by Shoesmith
Brian
and Genilo
Jude William
, 79
–95
. Bristol
: Intellect
.Rancière
, Jacques
. 2010
. Dissensus: On Politics and Aesthetics
. London
: Bloomsbury Academic
.Rao
, Ursula
. 2010
. News as Culture: Journalistic Practices and the Remaking of Indian Leadership Traditions
. New York
: Berghahn
.Rashiduzzaman
, M.
1994
. “The Liberals and the Religious Right in Bangladesh
.” Asian Survey
34
(11
): 974
–990
.Reisz
, Karel
, and Millar
Gavin
. 2010
. The Technique of Film Editing
. 2nd ed. Burlington, MA
: Focal
.re:publica
. 2017
. “re:publica 2017—New Dimensions: Virtual Reality from Africa
” [video]
. YouTube
. .Rerhaye
, Narjis
. 2013
. “ ‘Dialy’, une pièce de théâtre qui fait de la résistance
.” Libération
, January
19
. .Rhodes
, John David
, and Gorfinkel
Elena
, eds. 2011
. Taking Place: Location and the Moving Image
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Robertson
, James C.
1993
. The Hidden Cinema: British Film Censorship in Action, 1913–1965
. London
: Routledge
.Robiadek
, Katherine M.
2016
. “Worlding versus Worldview: Heidegger’s Thinking on Art as a Critique of German Historicism
.” Monatshefte
108
(3
): 383
–394
.Rodrigues
, Usha M.
, and Ranganathan
Maya
. 2015
. Indian News Media: From Observer to Participant
. Delhi
: Sage
.Rofel
, Lisa
. 1994
. “Yearnings: Televised Love and Melodramatic Politics in Contemporary China
.” American Ethnologist
21
(4
): 700
–722
.Rogez
, Olivier
. 2019
. “L’industrie cinématographique marocaine, modèle pour l’Afrique sub-saharienne
.” RFI
, April
8
. .Rony
, Fatimah Tobing
. 1996
. The Third Eye: Race, Cinema, and Ethnographic Spectacle
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Rossoukh
, Ramyar
. 2014
. “An Anthropology of the Iranian Film Industry: The Making of The Willow Tree
.” PhD diss.
, Harvard University
.Rosten
, Leo
. 1941
. Hollywood: The Movie Colony, the Movie Makers
. New York
: Harcourt, Brace
.Roth-Ey
, Kristin
. 2011
. Moscow Prime Time: How the Soviet Union Built the Media Empire That Lost the Cold War
. Ithaca, NY
: Cornell University Press
.Roxborough
, Scott
. 2019
. “Netflix’s Global Reach Sparks Dubbing Revolution: ‘The Public Demands It’
.” Hollywood Reporter
, August
13
. .Roy
, Srirupa
. 2007
. Beyond Belief: India and the Politics of Postcolonial Nationalism
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Rubin
, Peter
. 2014
. “The Inside Story of Oculus Rift and How Virtual Reality Became Reality
.” Wired
, May
20
. .Ruby
, Jay
. 2005
. “The Last 20 Years of Visual Anthropology: A Critical Review
.” Visual Studies
20
(2
): 159
–170
.Sabur
, Seuty
. 2013
. “Post Card from Shahabag
.” ISA E-symposium for Sociology
. .Sadana
, Rashmi
. 2012
. English Heart, Hindi Heartland: The Political Life of Literature in India
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Safety for Sarah
. n.d.a
. “Safety Assistance
.” Accessed May 23, 2018. .Safety for Sarah
. n.d.b
. “Safety for Sarah End Credits Program
.” Accessed May 23, 2018. .Samaddar
, Ranabir
. 2002
. Paradoxes of the Nationalist Time: Political Essays on Bangladesh
. Dhaka
: University Press Limited
.Savage
, Thomas
. 2016
. “Qui veut la peau du Centre cinématographique marocain?
” Telquel
, November
7
. .Schaefer
, Eric
. 1999
. “Bold! Daring! Shocking! True!
”: A History of Exploitation Films, 1919–1959
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Schatz
, Thomas
. 1981
. Hollywood Genres: Formulas, Filmmaking and the Studio System
. New York
: Random House
.Schatz
, Thomas
. 2014
. “Film Studies, Cultural Studies, and Media Industries Studies
.” Media Industries Studies Journal
1
(1
): 39
–43
. doi:.Schiller
, Jakob
. 2015
. “Inside the Hellscape Where Our Computers Go to Die
.” Wired
, April
23
. .Scott
, Allen J.
2005
. On Hollywood: The Place, the Industry
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Sherouse
, Perry
. 2015
. “Russian Presence in Georgian Film Dubbing: Scales of Inferiority
.” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
25
(2
): 215
–229
.Shih
, Willy
, and McGee
Henry
. 2015
. “Hollywood on the Yellow Sea
.” Atlantic
, December
, 45
–51
.Simon
, Jonathan
. 2005
. “Edgework and Insurance in Risk Societies: Some Notes on Victorian Lawyers and Mountaineers
.” In Edgework: The Sociology of Risk-Taking
, edited by Lyng
Stephen
, 203
–226
. New York
: Routledge
.Simonite
, Tom
. 2016
. “Moore’s Law Is Dead. Now What?
” MIT Technological Review
, May
13
. .Sinclair
, Kamal
. 2017
. “Making a New Reality: Furthering Equality in Emerging Media
.” Immerse
, October
31
. .Singhal
, Arvind
, and Rogers
Everett
. 2001
. India’s Communication Revolution: From Bullock Carts to Cyber Marts
. New Delhi
: Sage
.Smith
, Stacy L.
, Choueiti
Marc
, and Pieper
Katherine
. 2018
. “Inclusion in the Director’s Chair? Gender, Race and Age of Directors across 1, 100 Films from 2007 to 2017
.” Annenberg Inclusion Initiative
. .Smolin
, Jonathan
. 2013
. Moroccan Noir: Police, Crime, and Politics in Popular Culture
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Sobchack
, Vivian
. 1992
. The Address of the Eye: A Phenomenology of Film Experience
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Spitulnik
, Debra
. 1993
. “Anthropology and Mass Media
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
22
: 293
–315
.Spitulnik
, Debra
. 1997
. “The Social Circulation of Media Discourse and the Mediation of Communities
.” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
6
(2
): 161
–187
.Srinivas
, Lakshmi
. 2016
. House Full: Indian Cinema and the Active Audience
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Srinivas
, S. V.
2000
. “Is There a Public in the Cinema Hall?
” Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media
42
(summer). .Srinivas
, S. V.
2008
. “Missing in the Original: Twin Dragons Remade in India
.” Journal of Moving Image
, no. 7
.Standing
, Guy
. 2011
. The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class
. London
: Bloomsbury Academic
.Stasik
, Michael
, Hänsch
Valerie
, and Mains
Daniel
. 2020
. “Temporalities of Waiting in Africa
.” Critical African Studies
12
(1
): 1
–9
.Sunstrum
, Pamela Phatsimo
. 2013
. “Afro-Mythology and African Futurism: The Politics of Imagining and Methodologies for Contemporary Creative Research Practices
.” Paradoxa
25
.Swartz
, Lana
. 2017
. “Blockchain Dreams: Imagining Techno-economic Alternatives after Bitcoin
.” In Another Economy Is Possible: Culture and Economy in a Time of Crisis
, edited by Castells
Manuel
, 82
–105
. Malden, MA
: Polity
.Szeto
, Mirana M.
, and Chen
Yun-chung
. 2013
. “To Work or Not to Work: The Dilemma of Hong Kong Film Labor in the Age of Mainlandization
.” Jumpcut
55
(fall). .Szklarski
, Cassandra
. 2015
. “William Hurt Reflects on Crew Member’s Death
.” Canadian Press
, June
25
. .Tanvir
, Kuhu
. 2015
. “Through the Digital Peephole: LSD and the Grammar of Transparency
.” South Asian Popular Culture
13
(1
): 31
–45
.Tapper
, Richard
, ed. 2002
. The New Iranian Cinema: Politics, Representation and Identity
. London
: I. B. Tauris
.Thomas
, Rosie
. 2013
. Bombay before Bollywood: Film City Fantasies
. New Delhi
: Orient Blackswan
.Thompson
, E. P.
1967
. “Time, Work, and Discipline in Industrial Capitalism
.” Past and Present
38
: 56
–97
.Thompson
, Tade
. 2018
. “Please Stop Talking about the ‘Rise’ of African Science Fiction
.” Literary Hub
, September
19
. .Thussu
, D. K.
2009
. News as Entertainment: The Rise of Global Infotainment
. New Delhi
: Sage
.Tourabi
, Abdellah
. 2014
. “Conservateurs contre modernistes: La guerre des valeurs
.” Telquel
, July
13
. .Tribeca Film Festival
. 2017
. “Virtual Arcade: The Other Dakar
.” .Udupa
, Sahana
. 2015
. Making News in Global India: Media, Publics, Politics
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Urban
, Greg
. 2001
. Metaculture: How Culture Moves through the World
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Urry
, John
. 1990
. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies
. London
: Sage
.Van de Peer
, Stefanie
. 2012
. “A Transnational Feminist Rereading of Post–Third Cinema Theory: The Case of Maghreb Documentary
.” Journal of African Cinemas
4
(2
): 175
–189
.Varzi
, Roxanne
. 2009
. Warring Souls: Youth, Media, and Martyrdom in Post-revolution Iran
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Vasudevan
, Ravi
. 2010
. The Melodramatic Public: Film Form and Spectatorship in Indian Cinema
. Delhi
: Permanent Black
.Vitali
, Ali
, Hunt
Kasie
, and Frank Thorp
V.
2018
. “Trump Referred to Haiti and African Nations as ‘Shithole’ Countries
.” NBC News
, January
12
. .Vitali
, Valentina
, and Willemen
Paul
, eds. 2006
. Theorising National Cinema
. London
: British Film Institute
.Vivarelli
, Nick
. 2015
. “Sheikhdoms Spawn ‘Star Wars’: UAE Earns Reputation as International Hub for State-of-the-Art Productions
.” Variety
, December
4
, 109
. .Waldrop
, M. Mitchell
. 2016
. “The Chips Are Down for Moore’s Law
.” Nature
530
: 144
–147
. .Walzer
, Graham
. 2017
. “Inside imax’s Big Bet to Rule the Future of vr
.” Wired
, January
18
. .Weber
, Max
. (1922) 1958
. “Science as a Vocation
.” In From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology
, edited by Gerth
H. H.
and Mills
C. W.
, 129
–156
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Weber
, Max
. 1968
. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology
, vol. 3
, edited by Roth
Guenthr
and Wittich
Claus
, 956
–1003
. New York
: Bedminster
.Welsch
, Tricia
. 2013
. Gloria Swanson: Ready for Her Closeup
. Jackson
: University of Mississippi Press
.Wilder
, Gary
. 2009
. “Untimely Vision: Aimé Césaire, Decolonization, Utopia
.” Public Culture
21
(1
): 101
–140
.Williams
, Alan
, ed. 2002
. Film and Nationalism
. New Brunswick, NJ
: Rutgers University Press
.Williams
, Raymond
. (1974) 2003
. Television: Technology and Cultural Form
. London
: Fontana
.Wilson
, Craig
. 2015
. “The New Dimensions Virtual Reality Exhibition Will Blow Your Mind
.” Stuff Magazine South Africa
, October
29
. .Wilson-Goldie
, Kaelen
. 2007
. “Training Morocco’s Next Generation of Filmmakers
.” Daily Star (Lebanon)
, December
15
. .Woolard
, Kathryn
, and Schieffelin
Bambi G.
. 1994
. “Language Ideology
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
23
: 55
–82
.Yamato
, Jen
. 2014
. “ ‘Midnight Rider’ Producer Made Controversial Remarks about Local Filming Days before Sarah Jones Death
.” Deadline
, April
23
. .Young
, S. M.
, Gong
James J.
, and Van der Stede
Wim A.
. 2008
. “The Business of Making Movies
.” Strategic Finance
89
(8
): 26
–32
.Zaloom
, Caitlin
. 2004
. “The Productive Life of Risk
.” Cultural Anthropology
19
(3
): 365
–391
.Zeydabadi-Nejad
, Saeed
. 2010
. The Politics of Iranian Cinema: Film and Society in the Islamic Republic
. London
: Routledge
.Zyad
, Nouri
. 2007
. “La réglementation du secteur cinématographique s’impose à Ouarzazate
.” Libération (Casablanca)
, April
17
. .