Book Chapter
Interrogating Sacredness in Performance
-
Published:August 2021
The Quest for Spiritual Purpose in a Secular Dance Community: Bèlè’s Rebirth in Contemporary Martinique
References
Agard-Jones
, Vanessa
. 2009
. “Le Jeu de Qui? Sexual Politics at Play in the French Caribbean
” Caribbean Review of Gender Studies
, no. 3
: 1
–19
.Averill
, Gage
, and Wilcken
Lois
. 2008
. “Haiti
.” In The Garland Handbook of Latin American Music
, edited by Olsen
Dale Alan
and Sheehy
Daniel Edward
, 126
–142
. New York
: Routledge
.Beriss
, David
. 2004
. Black Skins, French Voices: Ca rib bean Ethnicity and Activism in Urban France
. Cambridge, UK
: Westview Press
.Bertrand
, Anca
. 1968
. “A propos des ballets folkloriques Martiniquais
.” Parallèles
26
: 74
–77
.Bilby
, Kenneth
. 2008
. True-Born Maroons
. Gainesville
: University of Florida Press
.Bonilla
, Yarimar
. 2015
. Non-Sovereign Futures: French Caribbean Politics in the Wake of Disenchantment
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Browne
, Katherine
. 2004
. Creole Economics: Caribbean Cunning under the French Flag
. Austin
: University of Texas Press
.Burdick
, John
. 2004
. Legacies of Liberation: The Progressive Catholic Church in Brazil at the Start of a New Millennium
. Aldershot, UK
: Ashgate
.Burdick
, John
. 2013
. The Color of Sound: Race, Religion, and Music in Brazil
. New York
: New York University Press
.Burton
, Richard D. E.
1995
. “French West Indies à l’heure de l’Europe: An Overview
.” In French and West Indian: Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana Today
, edited by Burton
Richard D. E.
and Reno
Fred
, 1
–19
. Charlottesville
: University of Virginia Press
.Cally
, Sully
. 1990
. Musiques et danses afro-caraïbes: Martinique
. Gros-Morne, Martinique
: Sully-Cally/Lezin
.Capone
, Stefania
. 2010
. Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Constant
, Fred
. 2012
. “‘Black France’ and the National Identity Debate: How Best to Be Black and French?
” In Black France/France Noire: The History and Politics of Blackness
, edited by Keaton
Trica Danielle
, Sharpley-Whiting
T. Denean
, and Stovall
Tyler
, 123
–144
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Covington-Ward
, Yolanda
. 2015
. Gesture and Power: Religion, Nationalism, and Everyday Per for mance in Congo
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Cyrille
, Dominique
. 2002
. “Sa Ki Ta Nou (This Belongs to Us): Creole Dances of the French Caribbean
.” In Caribbean Dance from Abakuá to Zouk: How Movement Shapes Identity
, edited by Sloat
Susanna
, 221
–244
. Gainesville
: University Press of Florida
.Cyrille
, Dominique
. 2006
. “Imagining an Afro-Creole Nation: Eugène Mona’s Music in Martinique of the 1980s
.” Latin American Music Review
27
(2
): 148
–170
.Daniel
, Justin
. 2001
. “The Construction of Dependency: Economy and Politics in the French Antilles
.” In Islands at the Crossroads: Politics in the Non-independent Caribbean
, edited by Ramos
Aarón Gamaliel
and Rivera
Angel Israel
, 61
–79
. Kingston, Jamaica
: Ian Randle
.Daniel
, Yvonne
. 1995
Rumba: Dance and Social Change in Contemporary Cuba
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Daniel
, Yvonne
. 2005
. Dancing Wisdom: Embodied Knowledge in Haitian Vodou, Cuban Yoruba, and Bahian Candomblé
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
.Daniel
, Yvonne
. 2009
. “A Critical Analysis of Caribbean Contredanse
.” Transforming Anthropology
17
(2
): 147
–154
.Daniel
, Yvonne
. 2011
. Caribbean and Atlantic Diaspora Dance: Igniting Citizenship
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
.Dje Dje
, Jacqueline Cogdell
. 1998
. “Remembering Kojo: History, Music, and Gender in the January Sixth Celebration of the Jamaican Accompong Maroons
.” Black Music Research Journal
18
(1–2
): 67
–120
.Fanon
, Frantz
. (1952
) 1967. Black Skin, White Masks
. Translated by Markmann
Charles Lam
. New York
: Grove
.Fernando
, Mayanthi L.
2014
. The Republic Unsettled: Muslim French and the Contradictions of Secularism
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Foucault
, Michel
. 2005
. The Hermeneutics of the Subject: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1981–1982
. New York
: Picador
.Fusellier
, Philippe
, and Pailler
, Eric
dirs. 2006
Bèlè Légliz
. 26 min. CFRT
, France2, RFO
.Gerstin
, Julian
. 2000
. “Musical Revivals and Social Movements in Contemporary Martinique: Ideology, Identity, Ambivalence
.” In The African Diaspora: A Musical Perspective
, edited by Monson
Ingrid
, 295
–328
. New York
: Garland
.Hagedorn
, Katherine
. 2001
. Divine Utterances: The Per for mance of Afro-Cuban Santería
. Washington, DC
: Smithsonian Institution Press
.Henry
, Clarence Bernard
. 2008
. Let’s Make Some Noise: Axé and the African Roots of Brazilian Popu lar Music
. Jackson
: University Press of Mississippi
.Hurston
, Zora Neale
. (1938) 1990
. Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica
. New York
: Perennial Library
.Johnson
, Greg
. 2011
. “Courting Culture: Unexpected Relationships between Religion and Law in Contemporary Hawai’i
.” In After Secular Law
, edited by Sullivan
Winnifred Fallers
, Yelle
Robert A.
, and Taussig-Rubbo
Mateo
, 282
–301
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.Johnson
, Paul Christopher
. 2007
. Diaspora Conversions: Black Carib Religion and the Recovery of Africa
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Johnson
, Sara E.
2012
. The Fear of French Negroes: Transcolonial Collaboration in the Revolutionary Americas
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Jouili
, Jeanette
. 2015
. Pious Practice and Secular Constraints: Women in the Islamic Revival in Europe
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.Louis
, Bertin M.
Jr2014
. My Soul Is in Haiti: Protestantism in the Haitian Diaspora of the Bahamas
. New York
: New York University Press
.Maddox
, Camee
. 2015
. “‘Yes We Can! Down with Colonization!’: Race, Gender, and the 2009 General Strike in Martinique
.” Transforming Anthropology
23
(2
): 90
–103
.Massé
, Raymond
. 2008
. Détresse Créole: Ethnoépidémiologie de la détresse psychique à la Martinique
. Quebec
: Presses de l’Université Laval
.Matory
, J. Lorand
. 2005
. Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.McAlister
, Elizabeth A.
2002
. Rara! Vodou, Power, and Performance in Haiti and Its Diaspora
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Miles
, William F. S.
2012
. “Schizophrenic Island, Fifty Years after Fanon: Martinique, the Pent-Up ‘Paradise’
.” International Journal of Francophone Studies
15
(1
): 9
–33
.Miles
, William F. S.
2014
. Scars of Partition: Postcolonial Legacies in French and British Borderlands
. Lincoln
: University of Nebraska Press
.Mitchell
, Kerry A.
2011
. “The Politics of Spirituality: Liberalizing the Definition of Religion
.” In Secularism and Religion-Making
, edited by Dressler
Markus
and Mandair
Arvind-Pal S.
, 125
–140
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Moreau de St. Méry
, M. L. E.
1796
. Danse: Article extrait d’un ouvrage de M. L. E. Moreau de St. Méry ayant pour titre: Répertoire des notions colonials. Par Ordre Alphabétique
. Philadelphia
: Printed by the author
.Palmié
, Stephan
. 2013
. The Cooking of History: How Not to Study Afro-Cuban Religion
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Price
, Richard
. 1998
. The Convict and the Colonel: A Story of Colonialism and Resistance
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Pulvar
, Olivier
. 2009
. “Le bèlè en Martinique, défense du patrimoine et promotion de produits culturels
.” In Communication et dynamiques de globalisation culturelle
, edited by Kiyindou
Alain
, Ekambo
Jean-Chrétien D.
, and Miyouna
Ludovic-Robert
, 39
–48
. Paris
: Harmattan
.Ramsey
, Kate
. 2011
. The Spirits and the Law: Vodou and Power in Haiti
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Schmieder
, Ulrike
. 2014
. “The Teaching Religious Orders and Slave Emancipation in Martinique
.” Journal of Carib bean History
47
(2
): 153
–183
.Scott
, Joan Wallach
. 2007
. The Politics of the Veil
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Tucker
, Linda G.
2007
. Lockstep and Dance: Images of Black Men in Popular Culture
. Jackson
: University Press of Mississippi
Valnes
, Matthew
. 2015
. “Taking It Higher: The Spirituality of Sensuality in Funk Performance
.” African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal
9
(1
): 3
–15
.Varela
, Sergio González
. 2017
. “The Religious Foundations of Capoeira Angola: The Cosmopolitics of an Apparently Non-religious Practice
.” Religion and Society
8
(1
): 79
–93
.Wallace
, Anthony F. C.
1956
. “Revitalization Movements
.” American Anthropologist
58
(2
): 264
–281
.White
, Phillip M.
2009
. “Researching American Indian Revitalization Movements
.” Journal of Religious and Theological Information
8
(3–4
): 155
–163
.Willson
, Margaret
. 2001
. “Designs of Deception: Concepts of Consciousness, Spirituality and Survival in Capoeira Angola in Salvador, Brazil
.” Anthropology of Consciousness
12
(1
): 19
–36
.Embodying Black Islam: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Afro-Diasporic Muslim Hip-Hop in Britain
References
Abdul Khabeer
, Su’ad
. 2016
. Muslim Cool: Race, Religion, and Hip Hop in the United States
. New York
: New York University Press
.Aidi
, Hisham
. 2014
. Rebel Music: Race, Empire, and the New Muslim Youth Culture
. New York
: Random House
.Bennett
, Michael
, and Dickerson
Vanessa D.
2001
. Introduction to Recovering the Black Female Body: Self-Representations by African American Women
, edited by Bennett
Michael
and Dickerson
Vanessa D.
, 1
–17
. New Brunswick, NJ
: Rutgers University Press
.Butler
, Judith
. 2012
. “Precarious Life, Vulnerability, and the Ethics of Cohabitation
.” The Journal of Speculative Philosophy
26
(2
): 134
–151
.Chittick
, William C.
2010
. The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-Arabi’s Metaphysics of Imagination
. Albany
: State University of New York Press
.Curtis
, Edward E.
IV, 2014
. The Call of Bilal: Islam in the African Diaspora
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Dickerson
, Vanessa D.
2001
. “Summoning SomeBody: The Flesh Made Word in Toni Morrison’s Fiction
.” In Recovering the Black Female Body: Self-Representations by African American Women
, edited by Bennett
Michael
and Dickerson
Vanessa D.
, 195
–217
. New Brunswick, NJ
: Rutgers University Press
.Feldman
, Allen
. 2015
. Archives of the Insensible: Of War, Photopolitics, and Dead Memory
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Hamington
, Maurice
. 2004
. Embodied Care: Jane Addams, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Feminist Ethics
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
.Hammonds
, Evelynn M.
1999
. “Toward a Genealogy of Black Female Sexuality: The Problematic of Silence
.” In Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader
, edited by Price
Janet
and Shildrick
Margrit
, 93
–104
. New York
: Routledge
.Hill
, Joseph
. 2017
. “A Mystical Cosmopolitanism: Sufi Hip Hop and the Aesthetics of Islam in Dakar
.” Culture and Religion
18
(4
): 1
–21
.Hirschkind
, Charles
. 2006
. The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Hirschkind
, Charles
. 2015
. “Religion
.” In Keywords in Sound
, edited by Novak
David
and Sakakeeny
Matt
, 165
–174
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
Jackson
, Ronald
. 2006
. Scripting the Masculine Black Body: Identity, Discourse and Racial Politics in Popular Media
. Albany
: State University of New York Press
.Jouili
, Jeanette
. 2015
. Pious Practice and Secular Constraints. Women in the Islamic Revival in Europe
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
Jouili
, Jeanette
. 2019
. “Islam and Culture: Dis/junctures in a Modern Conceptual Terrain
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
61
(1
): 207
–237
.Kugle
, Scott A.
2007
. Sufis and Saints’ Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality, and Sacred Power in Islam
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Liberatore
, Giulia
. 2017
. Somali, Muslim, British: Striving in Securitized Britain
. London
: Bloomsbury
.Maldonado-Torres
, Nelson
. 2007
. “On the Coloniality of Being: Contributions to the Development of a Concept
.” Cultural Studies
21
(2–3
): 240
–270
.Marriott
, David
. 2018
. Whither Fanon? Studies in the Blackness of Being
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.McLarney
, Ellen
. 2019
. “James Baldwin and the Power of Black Muslim Language
.” Social Text
37
(1
): 51
–84
.Mittermaier
, Amira
. 2011
. Dreams That Matter: Egyptian Landscapes of the Imagination
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Murphy
, Ann V.
2011
. “Corporeal Vulnerability and the New Humanism
.” Hypatia
26
(3
): 575
–590
.Otterbeck
, Jonas
. 2008
. “Battling over the Public Sphere: Islamic Reactions to the Music of Today
.” Contemporary Islam
2
(3
): 211
–228
.Perry
, Imani
. 2004
. Prophets of the Hood: Politics and Poetics in Hip Hop
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Rana
, Junaid
. 2016
. “The Racial Infrastructure of the Terror-Industrial Complex
.” Social Text
34
(4
): 111
–138
.Reddie
, Richard
. 2009
. Black Muslims in Britain: Why Are a Growing Number of Young Black People Converting to Islam?
Oxford
: Lion Books
.Seigworth
, Gregory J.
, and Gregg
Melissa
. 2010
. “An Inventory of Shimmers
.” In The Affect Theory Reader
, edited by Gregg
Melissa
and Seigworth
Gregory J.
, 1
–25
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Swedenburg
, Ted
. 2002
. “Hip Hop Music in the Transglobal Islamic Underground
.” Black Arts Quarterly
6
(3
): 12
–21
.Ware
, Rudolph T.
III2014
. The Walking Qur’an: Islamic Education, Embodied Knowledge, and History in West Africa
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Warnier
, Jean-Pierre
. 2001
. “A Praxeological Approach to Subjectivation in a Material World
.” Journal of Material Culture
6
(1
): 5
–24
.Weiss
, Gail
. 2013
. Body Images: Embodiment as Intercorporeality
. London
: Routledge
.White
, E. Frances
. 2001
. Dark Continent of Our Bodies: Black Feminism and the Politics of Respectability
. Philadelphia
: Temple University Press
.Winegar
, Jessica
. 2009
. “Culture Is the Solution: The Civilizing Mission of Egypt’s Culture Palaces
.” Review of Middle East Studies
43
(2
): 189
–197
.Winters
, Joseph
. 2011
. “Unstrange Bedfellows: Hip Hop and Religion
.” Religion Compass
5
(6
): 260
–270
.Wynter
, Sylvia
. 1984
. “The Ceremony Must Be Found: After Humanism
.” Boundary
2
12–13
, no. 3 (Spring-Autumn 1984): 19
–70
.Secular Affective Politics in a National Dance about AIDS in Mozambique
References
Andrade
, Mário de
. 1997
. Origens do nacionalismo africano: Continuidade e rupture nos movimentos unitarios emergentes da luta contra a dominação colonial portuguesa, 1911–1961
. Lisbon
: Dom Quixote
.ARPAC
. 2004
. Impacto das mensgens sobre o HIV/SIDA nos programas de informação, educa-ção e comunicação
. Maputo
: ARPAC (Arquivo do Património Cultural)
.Asad
, Talal
. 2003
. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.Askew
, Kelly
. 2002
. Performing the Nation: Swahili Music and Cultural Politics in Tanzania
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Bastos
, Cristina
. 2002
. Ciência, poder, acção: As respostas à SIDA
. Lisbon
: Imprensa de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa
.Browning
, Barbara
. 1995
. Samba: Resistance in Motion
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Cabaço
, José Luís
. 2010
. Moçambique: Identidade, colonialismo e libertação
. Maputo
: Marimbique
.Cabrita
, João M.
2000
. Mozambique: The Tortuous Road to Democracy
. New York
: Palgrave
.Carrillo
, Héctor
. 2002
. The Night Is Young: Sexuality in Mexico in the Times of AIDS
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Castaldi
, Francesca
. 2006
. Choreographies of African Identities: Négritude, Dance, and the National Ballet of Senegal
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
.Chakravorty
, Pallabi
. 2008
. Bells of Change: Kathak Dance, Women, and Modernity in India
. Calcutta
: Seagull Books
.Covington-Ward
, Yolanda
. 2016
. Gesture and Power: Religion, Nationalism, and Everyday Performance in Congo
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Daniel
, Yvonne
. 1995
. Rumba: Dance and Social Change in Contemporary Cuba
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Daniel
, Yvonne
. 2005
. Dancing Wisdom: Embodied Knowledge in Haitian Vodou, Cuban Yoruba, and Bahian Candomblé
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
.Daniel
, Yvonne
. 2011
. Caribbean and Atlantic Diaspora Dance: Igniting Citizenship
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
.Dinerman
, Alice
. 2006
. Revolution, Counter-Revolution and Revisionism in Postcolonial Africa: The Case of Mozambique, 1975–1994
. New York
: Routledge
.Finnegan
, William
. 1992
. A Complicated War: The Harrowing of Mozambique
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Foster
, Susan Leigh
. 1995
. “Choreographing History
.” In Choreographing History
, edited by Foster
Susan Leigh
, 3
–24
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Foucault
, Michel
. 1975
. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison
. London
: Penguin
.Galvão
, Jane
. 1997
. “As responstas das organizações não-governamentais brasileiras frente à epidemia de HIV.SIDA
.” In Políticas, instituições e AIDS: Enfrentando a epidemia no Brasil
, edited by Parker
Richard
, 69
–108
. Rio de Janeiro
: ABIA (Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS) and Jorge Zahar
.Giersdorf
, Jens Richard
. 2013
. The Body of the People: East German Dance since 1945
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
.Godard
, Hubert
. 1996
. “Singular, Moving Geographies
.” In “The French Issue
.” Writings on Dance
, no. 15
: 12
–21
.González
, Anita
. 2010
. Afro-Mexico: Dancing between Myth and Reality
. Austin
: University of Texas Press
.Gottschild
, Brenda Dixon
. 2003
. The Black Dancing Body: A Geography from Coon to Cool
. New York
: Palgrave Macmillan
.Hall
, Margaret
, and Young
Tom
. 1997
. Confronting Leviathan: Mozambique since Independence
. London
: Hurst
.Handler
, Richard
. 1988
. Nationalism and the Politics of Culture in Quebec
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
.Hanlon
, Joseph
. 1986
. Beggar Your Neighbor: Apartheid Power in Southern Africa
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Hirschkind
, Charles
. 2011
. “Is There a Secular Body?
” Cultural Anthropology
26
(4
): 633
–647
.Honwana
, Alcinda Manuel
. 2002
. Espíritos vivos, tradições modernas: Possessão de espíritos e reintegração social pos-guerra no sul de Moçambique
. Maputo
: Promédia
.Israel
, Paolo
. 2014
. In Step with the Times: Mapiko Masquerades of Mozambique
. Athens
: Ohio University Press
.Jesus
, José Manuel Duarte de
. 2010
. Eduardo Mondlane: Um homen a abater
. Coimbra
: Almedina
.Kaeppler
, Adrienne L.
1993
. Poetry in Motion: Studies of Tongan Dance
. Tonga
: Vava’u Press
.Kalipeni
, Ezekiel
, Flynn
Karen
, and Pope
Cynthia
, eds. 2009
. Strong Women, Dangerous Times: Gender and HIV/AIDS in Africa
. New York
: Nova Science
.Mahmood
, Saba
. 2005
. Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Mamdani
, Mahmood
. 1996
. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Manning
, Susan
. 2006
. Ecstasy and the Demon: The Dances of Mary Wigman
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Manuel
, Sandra
. 2008
. Love and Desire: Concepts, Narratives and Practices of Sex amongst Youths in Maputo City
. Dakar
: Saint Paul
.Martin
, Denise
. 1997
. “Mulheres e AIDS: Uma abordagem antroloógica
.” Revista USP
, no. 33
(March-May
): 88
–101
.Matos
, Patrícia Ferraz de
. 2013
. The Colours of the Empire: Racialized Representations during Portuguese Colonialism
. New York
: Berghahn Books
.Matsinhe
, Cristiano
. 2008
. Tabula Rasa: Dynamics of the Mozambican Response to HIV/AIDS
. Maputo
: Kula
.Meduri
, Avanthi
. 2008
. “The Transfiguration of Indian/Asian Dance in the United Kingdom: Contemporary Bharatanatyam in Global Contexts
.” Asian Theatre Journal
25
(2
): 298
–328
. https://doi.org/10.1353/atj.0.0017
.Montoya
, Aaron
. 2016
. “Performing Citizen and Subject: Resistance and Dance in Mozambique
.” PhD diss.
, University of California
, Santa Cruz
.Nájera-Ramírez
, Olga
. 1997
. La Fiesta de Los Tastoanes: Critical Encounters in Mexican Festival Performance
. Albuquerque
: University of New Mexico Press
.Ness
, Sally Ann
. 1992
. Body, Movement, and Culture: Kinesthetic and Visual Symbolism in a Philippine Community
. Philadelphia
: University of Pennsylvania Press
.Novack
, Cynthia Jean
. 1995
. “The Body’s Endeavors as Cultural Practices
.” In Choreographing History
, edited by Foster
Susan Leigh
, 177
–184
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.O’Shea
, Janet
. 2007
. At Home in the World: Bharata Natyam on the Global Stage
. Middletown, CT
: Wesleyan University Press
.Parker
, Richard
. 2000
. Na contramão da AIDS: Sexualidade, intervenção e política
. Rio de Janeiro
: ABIA (Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS) and Editora 34
.Pitcher
, M. Anne
. 2002
. Transforming Mozambique: The Politics of Privatization, 19752000
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Prolongeau
, Hubert
. 1995
. Une mort africaine: Le SIDA au quotidien
. Seuil L’Histoire Immediate. Paris
: Seuil
.Ramsey
, Kate
. 1995
. “Vodou and Nationalism: The Staging of Folklore in Mid-Twentieth Century Haiti
.” Women and Performance: A Journal of Feminist Theory
7
(2
): 187
–218
. .Reed
, Susan Anita
. 2010
. Dance and the Nation: Performance, Ritual, and Politics in Sri Lanka
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
.Santos
, Marcelino dos
. 1984
. Canto de amor natural
. Maputo
: Associação dos Escritores Moçambicanos
.Shea Murphy
, Jacqueline
. 2007
. The People Have Never Stopped Dancing: Native American Modern Dance Histories
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Srinivasan
, Priya
. 2009
. “A ‘Material’-ist Reading of the Bharata Natyam Dancing Body: The Possibility of the ‘Unruly Spectator’
.” In Worlding Dance
, edited by Foster
Susan Leigh
, 53
–75
. New York
: Palgrave Macmillan
.Stewart
, Diane
. 2005
. Three Eyes for the Journey: African Dimensions of the Jamaican Religious Experience
. Oxford
: Oxford University Press
.Straker
, Jay
. 2009
. Youth, Nationalism, and the Guinean Revolution
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Thompson
, Robert Farris
. 1974
. African Art in Motion
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.USAID
. “Controlling the HIV/AIDS Epidemic
”, accessed January 6, 2021, .Welsh Asante
, Kariamu
. 1985
. “Commonalities in African Dance: An Aesthetic Foundation
.” In African Culture: The Rhythms of Unity
, edited by Asante
Molefi Kete
and Asante
Kariamu Welsh
, 71
–82
. Westport, CT
: Greenwood
.