Book Chapter
Spiritual Memories and Ancestors
-
Published:August 2021
Spirited Choreographies: Embodied Memories and Domestic Enslavement in Togolese Mama Tchamba Rituals
References
Akyeampong
, Emmanuel
. 2001
. “History, Memory, Slave-Trade and Slavery in Anlo (Ghana)
.” Slavery and Abolition
22
(3
): 1
–24
.Bakhtin
, Mikhail
. (1965) 1984
. Rabelais and His World
. Translated by Iswolsky
Helene
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Barber
, Karin
. 1997
. Introduction to Readings in African Popu lar Culture
, edited by Barber
Karin
, 1
–12
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Baum
, Robert M.
1999
. Shrines of the Slave Trade: Diola Religion and Society in Precolonial Senegambia
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Brivio
, Alessandra
. 2016
. “Understanding Slavery Possession Rituals
.” In African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade
, edited by Bellgamba
Alice
, Greene
Sandra E.
, and Klein
Martin A.
, 2
, 154
–173
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Brown
, Vincent
. 2008
. The Reaper’s Garden: Death and Power in the World of Atlantic Slavery
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Browning
, Barbara
. 1995
. Samba: Resistance in Motion
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Ciment
, James
. 2016
. “Americo-Liberia as a Settler Society
.” In The Routledge Handbook of the History of Settler Colonialism
, edited by Edward
Cavanagh
and Veracini
Lorenzo
, 215
–229
. New York
: Routledge
.Collins
, Patricia Hill
. 1989
. “The Social Construction of Black Feminist Thought
.” Signs
14
(4
): 745
–773
.Comaroff
, Jean
, and Comaroff
John L.
1993
. Introduction to Modernity and Its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa
, edited by Comaroff
Jean
and Comaroff
John
, xi
–xxxvii
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Connerton
, Paul
. 1989
. How Societies Remember
. New York
: Cambridge University Press
.Cosentino
, Donald J.
1995
. “Imagine Heaven
.” In Sacred Arts of Haitian Voudou
, edited by Cosentino
Donald J.
, 28
–29
. Los Angeles
: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History
.Dansso
, Mamissi Sofivi
. 2015
. Personal communication. November
22
.Dansso
, Mamissi Sofivi
. 2017
. Personal communication. November
29
.DeFrantz
, Thomas F.
2004
. “The Black Beat Made Visible: Hip Hop Dance and Body Power
.” In Of the Presence of the Body: Essays on Dance and Per for mance Theory
, edited by Lepeki
Andre
, 64
–81
. Middletown, CT
: Wesleyan University Press
.Drewal
, Margaret Thompson
. 1988
. “Ritual Performance in Africa Today
.” TDR The Drama Review
32
(2
): 25
–30
.Drewal
, Margaret Thompson
. 1992
. Yoruba Ritual: Performers, Play, Agency
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Friedson
, Steven M.
2009
. Remains of Ritual: Northern Gods in a Southern Land
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Gilman
, Lisa
. 2004
. “The Traditionalization of Women’s Dancing, Hegemony, and Politics in Malawi
.” Journal of Folklore Research
41
(1
): 33
–60
.Gyatso
, Janet
. 1992
. Introduction to In the Mirror of Memory: Reflections on Mindfulness and Remembrance in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism
, edited by Gyatso
Janet
, 1
–20
. Albany
: State University of New York Press
.Hochschild
, Adam
. 2005
. Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire’s Slaves
. New York
: Houghton Mifflin
.Hymes
, Dell
. 1975
. “Folklore’s Nature and the Sun’s Myth
.” Journal of American Folklore
88
(359
): 345
–369
.Kealiinohomoku
, Joann
. 2001
. “An Anthropologist Looks at Ballet as a Form of Ethnic Dance
.” In Moving History/Dancing Cultures: A Dance History Reader
, edited by Dils
Ann
and Albright
Ann Cooper
, 33
–43
. Middletown, CT
: Wesleyan University Press
.Kraut
, Anthea
. 2009
. “Race-ing Choreographic Copyright
.” In Worlding Dance
, edited by Foster
Susan Leigh
, 76
–97
. New York
: Palgrave Macmillan
.Lopez
, Donald
. 1992
. “Memories of the Buddha
.” In In the Mirror of Memory: Reflections on Mindfulness and Remembrance in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism
, edited by Gyatso
Janet
, 22
–46
. Albany
: State University of New York Press
.Montgomery
, Eric J.
2019
. “The Past Is Present: Slavery, Personhood, and Mimesis in Ewe Gorovodu and Mama Tchamba
.” In Shackled Sentiments: Slaves, Spirits, and Memories in the African Diaspora
, edited by Montgomery
Eric J.
, 59
–84
.Lanham, MD
: Lexington Books
.Montgomery
, Eric J.
, and Vannier
Christian N.
2017
. An Ethnography of a Vodu Shrine in Southern Togo: Of Spirit, Slave and Sea
. Leiden
: Brill
.O’Shea
, Janet
. 2007
. At Home in the World: Bharata Natyam on the Global Stage
. Middletown, CT
: Wesleyan University Press
.Pierre
, Jemima
. 2008
. “‘I Like Your Color!’: Skin Bleaching and Geographies of Race in Urban Ghana
.” Feminist Review
, no. 90
: 9
–29
.Piot
, Charles
. 1999
. Remotely Global: Village Modernity in West Africa
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Piot
, Charles
. 2001
. “Atlantic Aporias: Africa and Paul Gilroy’s Black Atlantic
.” South Atlantic Quarterly
100
(5
): 155
–170
.Reed
, Daniel B.
2003
. Dan Ge Performance: Masks and Music in Contemporary Cote d’Ivoire
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Roberts
, Allen F.
2013
. A Dance of Assassins: Performing Early Colonial Hegemony in the Congo
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Roberts
, Mary Nooter
, and Roberts
Allen F.
1996
. Memory: Luba Art and the Making of History
. New York
: Prestel
.Rosenthal
, Judy
. 1998
. Possession, Ecstasy, and Law in Ewe Voodoo
. London
: University of Virginia Press
.Rush
, Dana
. 1999
. “Eternal Potential: Chromolithographs in Vodunland
.” African Arts
32
(4
): 60
–75
, 94–96.Rush
, Dana
. 2013
. Vodun in Coastal Benin: Unfinished, Open-Ended, Global
. Nashville, TN
: Vanderbilt University Press
.Rushdy
, Ashraf H. A.
1994
. “Ishmael Reed’s Neo-HooDoo Slave Narrative
.” Narrative
2
(2
): 112
–139
.Rushdy
, Ashraf H. A.
1999
. Neo-slave Narratives: Studies in the Social Logic of a Literary Form
. Oxford
: Oxford University Press
.Shaw
, Rosalind
. 2002
. Memories of the Slave Trade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Stoller
, Paul
. 1994
. “Embodying Colonial Memories
.” American Anthropologist
96
(3
): 634
–648
.Taylor
, Diana
. 2003
. The Archive and the Repertoire: Performing Cultural Memory in the Americas
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Trouillot
, Michel-Rolph
. 1994
. “Culture, Color, and Politics in Haiti
.” In Race
, edited by Gregory
Steven
and Sanjek
Roger
, 146
–174
. New Brunswick, NJ
: Rutgers University Press
.Trouillot
, Michel-Rolph
. 1995
. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History
. Boston
: Beacon
.Venkatachalam
, Meera
. 2015
. Slavery, Memory and Religion in Southeastern Ghana, c. 1850-Present
. New York
: Cambridge University Press
.Wendl
, Tobias
. 1999
. “Slavery, Spirit Possession and Ritual Consciousness: The Tchamba Cult among the Mina of Togo
.” In Spirit Possession: Modernity and Power in Africa
, edited by Behrend
Heike
and Luig
Ute
, 111
–123
. Oxford, UK
: James Currey
.Alchemy of the Fuqara: Spiritual Care, Memory, and the Black Muslim Body
References
Abdullah
, Zain
. 2009
. “African ‘Soul Brothers’ in the ‘Hood’: Immigration, Islam, and the Black Encounter
.” Anthropological Quarterly
82
(1
): 37
–62
.Alpers
, Edward A.
2000
. “Recollecting Africa: Diasporic Memory in the Indian Ocean World
.” African Studies Review
43
(1
): 83
–99
.Beliso-De Jesús
, Aisha M.
2015
. Electric Santería: Racial and Sexual Assemblages of Transnational Religion
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Berliner
, David
. 2005
. “The Abuses of Memory: Reflections on the Memory Boom in Anthropology
.” Anthropological Quarterly
78
(1
): 197
–211
.Clarke
, Kamari
. 2004
. Mapping Yorùbá Networks: Power and Agency in the Making of Transnational Communities
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Cohen
, Robin
. 2008
. Global Diasporas: An Introduction
. Abingdon, UK
: Routledge
.Connerton
, Paul
. 1989
. How Societies Remember
. New York
: Cambridge University Press
.Covington-Ward
, Yolanda
. 2016
. Gesture and Power: Religion, Nationalism, and Everyday Performance in Congo
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Curtis
, Edward E.
IV2006
. Black Muslim Religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960–1975
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Curtis
, Edward E.
IV2009
. Muslims in America: A Short History
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Curtis
, Edward E.
IV2014
. The Call of Bilal: Islam in the African Diaspora
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Diouf
, Sylviane A.
2013
. Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas
. New York
: New York University Press
.Eisenlohr
, Patrick
. 2018
. Sounding Islam: Voice, Media, and Sonic Atmospheres in an Indian Ocean World
. Oakland
: University of California Press
.Faye
, Maryam Kabeer
. 2009
. Journey through Ten Thousand Veils: The Alchemy of Transformation on the Sufi Path
. Clifton, NJ
: Tughra Books
.Garbin
, David
. 2013
. “The Visibility and Invisibility of Migrant Faith in the City: Diaspora Religion and the Politics of Emplacement of Afro-Christian Churches
.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
39
(5
): 677
–696
.Geurts
, Kathryn Linn
. 2003
. Culture and the Senses: Embodiment, Identity, and Well-Being in an African Community
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Ghanea Bassiri
, Khambiz
. 2010
. A History of Islam in America: From the New World to the New World Order
. New York
: Cambridge University Press
.Gilroy
, Paul
. 1993
. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Gomez
, Michael
. 2005
. Black Crescent: The Experience and Legacy of African Muslims in the Americas
. New York
: Cambridge University Press
.Griffith
, R. Marie
, and Savage
Barbara Dianne
, eds. 2006
. Women and Religion in the African Diaspora: Knowledge, Power, and Performance
. Baltimore
: Johns Hopkins University Press
.Haydara
Gueye
, Mustafa
Shaykh
. 2013
. “Al-Bahrul Muhit (The Vast Ocean)
.” Translated by al-Faqir
Shaykh Arona Faye
. Moncks Corner, SC
: Zawiyah of Moncks Corner
.Gueye Haydara
, Shaykh Mustafa
. 2014
. “The Cloak of Protection and Soldiers of Divine Care
.” Translated by al-Faqir
Shaykh Arona Faye
. Moncks Corner, SC
: Zawiyah of Moncks Corner
.Halverson
, Jeffry R.
2016
. “West African Islam in Colonial and Antebellum South Carolina
” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
36
(3
): 413
–426
.Hirschkind
, Charles
. 2006
. The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Ho
, Engseng
. 2006
. The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Holsey
, Bayo
. 2004
. “Transatlantic Dreaming: Slavery, Tourism, and Diasporic Encounters
.” In Homecomings: Unsettling Paths of Return
, edited by Markowitz
Frank
and Stefansson
Alex
, 166
–182
. Lanham, MD
: Lexington Books
.Jouili
, Jeanette
. 2015
. Pious Practice and Secular Constraints: Women in the Islamic Revival in Europe
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.Kane
, Ousmane
. 2011
. The Homeland Is the Arena: Religion, Transnationalism, and the Integration of Senegalese Immigrants in America
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Khan
, Hazrat Inayat
. 1960
. The Sufi Message of Hazrat Inayat Khan: The Alchemy of Happiness
. Vol. 1
. Ashland, OH
: Library of Alexandria
.Kugle
, Scott A.
2003
. “The Heart of Ritual Is the Body: Anatomy of an Islamic Devotional Manual of the Nineteenth Century
.” Journal of Ritual Studies
17
(1
): 42
–60
.Kugle
, Scott A.
2011
. Sufis and Saints’ Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality, and Sacred Power in Islam
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Lovejoy
, Paul
. 1997
. The African Diaspora: Revisionist Interpretations of Ethnicity, Culture and Religion under Slavery
. Boston
: Northeastern University Press
.Mahmood
, Saba
. 2001
. “Rehearsed Spontaneity and the Conventionality of Ritual: Disciplines of Salat
.” American Ethnologist
28
(4
): 827
–853
.Mahmood
, Saba
. 2011
. Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Matory
, J. Lorand
. 2005
. Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.McCloud
, Aminah Beverly
. 2014
. African American Islam
. New York
: Routledge
.Routon
, Kenneth
. 2006
. “Trance-Nationalism: Religious Imaginaries of Belonging in the Black Atlantic
.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power
13
(3
): 483
–502
.Sarró
, Ramon
, and Blanes
Ruy Llera
. 2009
. “Prophetic Diasporas Moving Religion across the Lusophone Atlantic
.” African Diaspora
2
(1
): 52
–72
.Taylor
, Ula
. 2017
. The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Ware
, Rudolph
III2014
. The Walking Qur’an: Islamic Education, Embodied Knowledge, and History in West Africa
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Yamba
, C. Bawa
. 1995
. Permanent Pilgrims: The Role of Pilgrimage in the Lives of West African Muslims in Sudan
. Washington, DC
: Smithsonian Institute Press
.Spiritual Ethnicity: Our Collective Ancestors in Ifá and Orisha Devotion Across the Americas
References
Abiodun
, Rowland
. 1994
. “Understanding Yoruba Art and Aesthetics: The Concept of Ase
.” African Arts
27
(3
): 68
–78
, 102
–103
.Adderley
, Rosanne Marion
. 2006
. “New Negroes from Africa”: Slave Trade Abolition and Free African Settlement in the Nineteenth-Century Caribbean
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Alexander
, M. Jacqui
. 2006
. Pedagogies of Crossing: Meditations on Feminism, Sexual Politics, Memory and the Sacred
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Appadurai
, Arjun
. 1990
. “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy
.” Theory, Culture and Society
7
2–3
): 295
–310
.Apter
, Andrew
. 2017
. Oduduwa’s Chain: Locations of Culture in the Yoruba-Atlantic
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Beliso-De Jesús
, Aisha
. 2013
. “Religious Cosmopolitanisms: Media, Transnational Santeria, and Travel between the United States and Cuba
.” American Ethnologist
40
(4
): 704
–720
.Beliso-De Jesús
, Aisha
. 2014
. “Santería Copresence and the Making of African Diaspora Bodies
.” Cultural Anthropology
29
(3
): 503
–526
.Beliso-De Jesús
, Aisha
. 2015
. Electric Santería: Racial and Sexual Assemblages of Transnational Religion
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Boyce Davies
, Carole
. 2013
. Ca rib bean Spaces: Escapes from Twilight Zones
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
.Castor
, N. Fadeke
. 2009
. “Invoking the Spirit of Canboulay: Pathways of African Middle Class Cultural Citizenship in Trinidad
.” PhD diss
., University of Chicago
.Castor
, N. Fadeke
. 2017
. Spiritual Citizenship: Transnational Pathways from Black Power to Ifá in Trinidad
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Castor
, N. Fadeke
. 2018
. “Offerings in the Digital Commons: African Diasporic Religions, Social Media and Social Justice
.” Paper presented at the American Academy of Religions Annual Meeting
, Denver, CO
, November
.Clarke
, Kamari
. 2004
. Mapping Yorubá Networks: Power and Agency in the Making of Transnational Communities
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Clarke
, Kamari
. 2007
. “Transnational Yoruba Revivalism and the Diasporic Politics of Heritage
.” American Ethnologist
34
(4
): 721
–734
.Conquergood
, Dwight
. 1991
. “Rethinking Ethnography: Towards a Critical Cultural Politics
.” Communications Monographs
58
(2
): 179
–194
.Covington-Ward
, Yolanda
. 2016
. Gesture and Power: Religion, Nationalism, and Everyday Per for mance in Congo
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Csordas
, Thomas J.
1990
. “Embodiment as a Paradigm for Anthropology
.” Ethos
18
(1
): 5
–47
.Daniel
, Yvonne
. 2005
. Dancing Wisdom: Embodied Knowledge in Haitian Vodou, Cuban Yoruba, and Bahian Candomblé
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
.Daniel
, Yvonne
. 2011
. Ca rib bean and Atlantic Diaspora Dance: Igniting Citizenship
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
.Daniel
, Yvonne
. 2018
. “Dance Artistry and Bahian Forms of Citizenship: Isaura Oliveira and Malinké
.” In Dancing Bahia: Essays on Afro-Brazilian Dance, Education, Memory, and Race
, edited by Suárez
Lucía M.
, Conrado
Amélia
, and Daniel
Yvonne
, 39
–70
. Bristol, UK
: Intellect
.Drewal
, Margaret Thompson
. 1992
. Yoruba Ritual: Performers, Play, Agency
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Edwards
, Brent H.
2009
. The Practice of Diaspora: Literature, Translation, and the Rise of Black Internationalism
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Gilroy
, Paul
. 1991
. “ There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack”: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Gilroy
, Paul
. 1993
. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Gomez
, Michael A.
1998
. Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Guss
, David M.
2000
. The Festive State: Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism as Cultural Per for-mance
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Hall
, Stuart
. 1996
. “New Ethnicities
.” In Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies
, edited by Morley
David
and Chen
Kuan-Hsing
, 441
–449
. London
: Routledge
.Hall
, Stuart
. 1999
. “Thinking the Diaspora: Home-Thoughts from Abroad
.” Small Axe
, no. 6
: 1
–18
.Hall
, Stuart
. 2003
. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora
.” In Theorizing Diaspora
, edited by Braziel
Jana Evans
and Mannur
Anita
, 233
–246
. Oxford
: Blackwell
.Henry
, Frances
. 2003
. Reclaiming African Religions in Trinidad: The Socio-Political Legitimation of the Orisha and Spiritual Baptist Faiths
. Jamaica
: University of West Indies Press
.Hucks
, Tracey E.
2012
. Yoruba Traditions and African American Religious Nationalism
. Albuquerque
: University of New Mexico Press
.Johnson
, E. Patrick
. 2006
. “Black Performance Studies: Genealogies, Politics, Futures
.” In The Sage Handbook of Per for mance Studies
, edited by Madison
D. Soyini
and Hamera
Judith
, 446
–463
. Thousand Oaks, CA
: Sage Publications
.Johnson
, Paul C.
2007
. Diaspora Conversions: Black Carib Religion and the Recovery of Africa
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Mason
, Michael Atwood
. 1994
. “‘I Bow My Head to the Ground’: The Creation of Bodily Experience in a Cuban American Santería Initiation
.” Journal of American Folklore
107
(423
): 23
–39
.Mason
, Michael Atwood
. 2002
. Living Santeria: Rituals and Experiences in an Afro-Cuban Religion
. Washington, DC
: Smithsonian Books
.Matory
, James Lorand
. 1994
. Sex and the Empire That Is No More: Gender and the Politics of Metaphor in Oyo Yorùbá Religion
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Matory
, James Lorand
. 2005
. Black Atlantic Religion: Tradition, Transnationalism and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Matory
, James Lorand
. 2009
. “The Many Who Dance in Me
.” In Transnational Transcendence: Essays on Religion and Globalization
, edited by Csordas
Thomas
, 231
–262
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Mazzarella
, William
. 2009
. “Affect: What Is It Good For?
” In Enchantments of Modernity: Empire, Nation, Globalization
, edited by Dube
Saurabh
, 291
–309
. New Delhi
: Routledge
.McNeal
, Keith E.
2011
. Trance and Modernity in the Southern Caribbean: African and Hindu Popular Religions in Trinidad and Tobago
. Gainesville
: University Press of Florida
.Miller
, Ivor
. 2004
. “The Formation of African Identities in the Americas: Spiritual ‘Ethnicity’
. ” Contours
2
(2
): 193
–222
.Mintz
, Sally W.
, and Price
Richard
. 1976
. The Birth of African-American Culture: An Anthropological Perspective
. Boston
: Beacon
.Olupona
, Jacob K.
, and Abiodun
Rowland
, eds. 2016
. Ifá Divination, Knowledge, Power, and Performance
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Price
, Richard
. 1985
. “An Absence of Ruins? Seeking Caribbean Historical Consciousness
.” Ca rib bean Review
14
(3
): 24
–29
.Robinson
, Cedric J.
1983
. Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Routon
, Kenneth
. 2008
. “Conjuring the Past: Slavery and the Historical Imagination in Cuba
.” American Ethnologist
35
(4
): 632
–649
.Scott
, David
. 1991
. “That Event, This Memory: Notes on the Anthropology of African Diasporas in the New World
.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies
1
(3
): 261
–284
.Segal
, Daniel
. 1993
. “‘Race’ and ‘Colour’ in Pre-independence Trinidad and Tobago
.” In Trinidad Ethnicity
, edited by Yelvington
Kevin
, 81
–115
. Knoxville
: University of Tennessee Press
.Sharpe
, Christina
. 2016
. In the Wake: On Blackness and Being
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Stewart
, Kathleen
. 2017
. “In the World That Affect Proposed
.” Cultural Anthropology
32
(2
): 192
–198
.Thomas
, Deborah
. 2016
. “Time and the Otherwise: Plantations, Garrisons and Being Human in the Caribbean
.” Anthropological Theory
16
(2–3
): 177
–200
.Trouillot
, Michel-Rolph
. 1995
. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History
. Boston
: Beacon Press
.Trouillot
, Michel-Rolph
. 2003
. Global Transformations: Anthropology and the Modern World
. New York
: Palgrave Macmillan
.Turner
, Victor
. 1969
. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-structure
. New Brunswick, NJ
: Transaction
.Tweed
, Thomas A.
1997
. Our Lady of the Exile: Diasporic Religion at a Cuban Catholic Shrine in Miami
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.West
, Michael O.
, Martin
William G.
, and Wilkins
Fanon Che
, eds. 2009
. From Toussaint to Tupac: The Black International since the Age of Revolution
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
.Willis
, John Thabiti
. 2018
. Masquerading Politics: Kinship, Gender, and Ethnicity in a Yoruba Town
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Yelvington
, Kevin
. 2001
. “The Anthropology of Afro-Latin America and the Caribbean: Diasporic Dimensions
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
30
(1
): 227
–260
.
