This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.
This content is only available as PDF.
Bibliography
À la jeunesse francaise: L’Appel de la France extérieure
. Paris
: Frazier-Soye
, 1930
.Abu-Lughod
, Lila
. “Writing against Culture
.” In Anthropology and Theory: Issues in Epistemology
, edited by Moore
Henrietta
and Sanders
Todd
, 466
–79
. 2nd ed.Chichester, UK
: John Wiley & Sons
, 2014
.Adas
, Michael
. Machines as the Mea sure of Men: Science, Technology, and Ideologies of Western Dominance
. Ithaca, NY
: Cornell University Press
, 1989
.Agamben
, Giorgio
. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
, 1998
.Alexandre
, Pierre
, and Binet
Jacques
. Le groupe dit pahouin (Fang, Boulou, Bëti)
. Paris
: Presses universitaires de France
, 1958
.Allégret
, E.
“Les idées religieuses des Fangs
.” Revue d’Histoire des Religions
50
(1904
): 214
–33
.Allman
, Jean
, and Parker
John
. Tongnaab: The History of a West African God
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
, 2005
.Ambouroué-Avaro
, Joseph
. Un Peuple gabonais à l’aube de la colonisation: Le Bas-Ogowe au XIXe siècle
. Paris
: Karthala
, 1981
.Ambrière
, Francis
. Afrique centrale: Les républiques d’expression française
. Les Guides bleus
. Paris
: Hachette
, 1962
.Anderson
, Benedict
. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism
. Rev. ed
. London
: Verso
, 1991
.Anderson
, Warwick
, Jenson
Deborah
, and Keller
Richard
, eds. Unconscious Dominions: Psychoanalysis, Colonial Trauma, and Global Sovereignties
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
, 2011
.Andersson
, Efraim
. Messianic Popular Movements in the Lower Congo
. Uppsala, Sweden
: Almqvist & Wiksells
, 1958
.Appadurai
, Arjun
. “Commodities and the Politics of Value
.” In The Future as Cultural Fact: Essay on the Global Condition
, 9
–60
. London
: Verso
, 2013
.Appadurai
, Arjun
. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
, 1996
.Appadurai
, Arjun
. The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1986
.Arens
, William
. The Man-Eating Myth: Anthropology and Anthropophagy
. Oxford
: Oxford University Press
, 1980
.Ariès
, Philippe
. Western Attitudes toward Death: From the Middle Ages to the Present
. Baltimore, MD
: Johns Hopkins University Press
, 1974
.Ashcroft
, Bill
. On Post-colonial Futures: Transformations of Colonial Culture
. London
: Continuum
, 200
.Ashforth
, Adam
. Witchcraft, Violence, and Democracy in South Africa
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 2005
.Aubame
, Jean-Marie
. Les Bëti du Gabon et d’ailleurs
. 2 vols
. Paris
: L’Harmattan
, 2002
.Augé
, Marc
, ed. La construction du monde: Religion, représentations, idéologie
. Paris
: François Maspero
, 1974
.Bakhtin
, Mikhail M.
Rabelais and His World
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
, 1984
.Balandier
, Georges
. Sociologie actuelle de l’Afrique noire
. Paris
: Presses universitaires de France
, 1950
.Balandier
, Georges
. The Sociology of Black Africa: Social Dynamics in Central Africa
. New York
: Praeger
, 1970
.Balandier
, Georges
, and Pauvert
Jean-Claude
. Les villages gabonais: aspects démographiques, économiques, sociologiques, projets de modernisation
. Brazzaville
: Institut d’études centrafricaines
, 1952
.Barker
, Francis
, Hulme
Peter
, and Iversen
Margaret
, eds. Cannibalism and the Colonial World
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1998
.Barringer
, Tim
, and Flynn
Tom
. Colonialism and the Object: Empire, Material Culture, and the Museum
. London
: Routledge
, 1998
.Barth
, Fredrick
. “On the Study of Social Change
.” American Anthropologist
, no. 69
(1967
): 661
–69
.Battell
, Andrew
, et al. The Strange Adventures of Andrew Battell of Leigh, in Angola and the Adjoining Regions
. 1625
. London
: Hakluyt Society Reprint
, 1901
.Baumann
, Hermann
, and Westermann
Diedrich
. Les peuples et les civilisations de l’Afrique
. Paris
: Payot
, 1948
.Bayart
, Jean-François
. L’État en Afrique: La Politique du ventre
. Paris
: Fayart
, 1989
.Bayart
, Jean-François
. The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly
. New York
: Longman
, 1993
.Bayart
, Jean-François
, and Bertrand
Romain
. “De quel ‘legs colonial’ parle-t-on?
” Esprit
12
, no. 330
(2006
): 154
–60
.Bazenguissa-Ganga
, Rémy
. Les Voies du politique au Congo: Essai de sociologie historique
. Paris
: Karthala
, 1997
.Behrend
, Heike
. Resurrecting Cannibals: The Catholic Church, Witch-Hunts, and the Production of Pagans in Western Uganda
. Woodbridge, UK
: Boydell & Brewer
, 2011
.Bekker
, Simon
, and Fourchard
Laurent
, eds. Governing Cities in Africa: Politics and Policies
. Cape Town, South Africa
: HSRC Press
, 2013
.Benveniste
, Emile
. Le Vocabulaire des institutions indo-européennes. Vol. 1, Économie, parenté, société. Vol. 2, Pouvoir, droit, religion
. Paris
: Éditions de Minuit
, 1969
.Berman
, Bruce
, and Lonsdale
John
. Unhappy Valley: Conflict in Kenya and Africa
. London
: James Currey
, 1992
.Bernault
, Florence
. “Aesthetics of Acquisition: Gabonese Spectacles and the Transactional Life of Bodies and Things
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
57
, no. 3
(July
2015
): 753
–77
.Bernault
, Florence
. “Carnal Technologies and the Double Life of the Body in Gabon
.” Critical African Studies
5
, no. 3
(2013
): 175
–94
.Bernault
, Florence
. “Colonial Bones: The 2006 Burial of Savorgnan De Brazza
.” African Affairs
109
(July
2010
): 367
–90
.Bernault
, Florence
. “De la modernité comme impuissance: Fétichisme et crise du politique en Afrique équatoriale et ailleurs
.” Cahiers d’Études africaines
Vol. 49–3
, no. 195
(2009
), 747
–74
.Bernault
, Florence
. Démocraties ambiguës en Afrique centrale: Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, 1940–1965
. Paris
: Karthala
, 1996
.Bernault
, Florence
. “L’Afrique et la modernité des sciences sociales
.” Vingtième Siècle, Revue d’histoire
70
, no. 70
(2001
): 127
–38
.Bernault
, Florence
. A History of Prisons and Confinement in Africa
. Portsmouth, NJ
: Heinemann
, 2003
.Bernault
, Florence
. “The Shadow of Rule: Colonial Power and Modern Punishment in Africa
.” In Cultures of Confinement: A Global History of the Prison in Asia, Africa, the Middle-East, and Latin America
, edited by Dikötter
Frank
, 77
–83
. London
: Christopher Hurst
, 2007
.Bernault
, Florence
. “Suitcases and the Poetics of Oddities: Writing History from Disorderly Archives
.” History in Africa
, vol. 42
: 269
–77
.Bernault
, Florence
. “Witchcraft and the Colonial Life of the Fetish
.” In Spirits in Politics: Uncertainties of Power and Healing in African Societies
, edited by Meier
Barbara
and Steinforth
Arne S.
, 53
–74
. Frankfurt am Main
: Campus Publishers
, 2013
.Bernstein
, Susan D.
“Ape Anxiety: Sensation Fiction, Evolution, and the Genre Question
.” Journal of Victorian Culture
6
, no. 2
(2001
): 250
–71
.Berry
, Sara
. “Hegemony on a Shoestring: Indirect Rule and Access to Land
.” Africa, Journal of the International African Institute
62
, no. 3
(1992
): 327
–55
.Berzock
, Kathleen Bickford
, and Clarke
Christa
. Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display
. Seattle
: University of Washington Press
, 2011
.Biaya
, T. K.
“La Mort et ses métamorphoses au Congo-Zaire
.” Cahiers africains
, no. 31–32
(1998
): 101
–4
.Birmingham
, David
, and Martin
Phyllis M.
. History of Central Africa
. 2 vols
. London
: Longman
, 1983
.Birmingham
, David
, and Martin
Phyllis M.
. History of Central Africa: The Contemporary Years since 1960
. London
: Longman
, 1998
.Bivona
, Dan
. “Human Thighs and Susceptible Apes: Self-Implicating Category Confusion in Victorian Discourse on West Africa
.” Nineteenth-Century Prose
32
, no. 2
(2005
): 81
–121
.Blache
, Joseph
. Vrais noirs et vrais blancs d’Afrique au 20e siècle
. Orléans, France
: M. Caillette
, 1922
.Bloch
, Maurice
. From Blessing to Violence: History and Ideology in the Circumcision Ritual of the Merina of Madagascar
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1986
.Bockie
, Simon
. Death and the Invisible Powers: The World of Kongo Belief
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
, 1993
.Bohannan
, Paul
. “Some Principles of Exchange and Investment among the Tiv
.” American Ethnologist
57
(1955
): 60
–69
.Bond
, George C.
, and Ciekawy
Diane M.
. Witchcraft Dialogues: Anthropological and Philosophical Exchanges
. Athens
: Ohio University Press
, 2001
.Bonhomme
, Julien
, Le Miroir et le crâne: Parcours initiatique du Bwete Misoko (Gabon)
. Paris
: cnrs: Fondation de la maison des sciences de l’homme
, 2006
.Bonneau
, Jean
. Grammaire pounoue et lexique pounou-francais
. Brazzaville, French Equatorial Africa
: Imprimerie Charité
, 1956
.Bouët Willaumez
, Louis Edouard
. Commerce et traite des Noirs aux Côtes occidentales d’Afrique
. Paris
: Imprimerie Nationale
, 1848
.Bounda
, Gabriel
. “La Morphologie de la répression chez les Ndumu du Haut-Ogooué
.” Master’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, 1983
.Bourdieu
, Pierre
. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
, 1984
.Bourdieu
, Pierre
. Outline of a Theory of Practice
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1977
.Bowie
, Fiona
, Kirkwood
Deborah
, and Ardener
Shirley
. Women and Missions, Past and Present: Anthropological and Historical Perceptions
. Providence, RI
: Berg
, 1993
.Brazza
, Pierre Savorgnan de
, and Brunschwig
Henri
. Brazza explorateur: L’Ogooué, 1875–1879
. Paris
: La Haye, Mouton
, 1966
.Brazza
, Pierre Savorgnan de
. “Voyages dans l’Ouest Africain
.” Le Tour du Monde: Nouveau journal des voyages
54
, no. 1402
(1887
): 289
–336
.Briault
, Maurice
. Dans la forêt du Gabon: Études et scènes africaines
. Paris
: Grasset
, 1930
.Briault
, Maurice
. Sous le zéro équatorial: Études et scènes africaines
. Paris
: Bloud & Gay
, 1927
.Brower
, M.
Brady
. Unruly Spirits: The Science of Psychic Phenomena in Modern France
. Urbana
: University of Illinois Press
, 2010
.Brown
, Peter
. The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 1981
.Brown
, Peter
. Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 1982
.Bruel
, Georges
. La France Équatoriale Africaine: Le pays, les habitants la colonisation, les pouvoirs publics
. Paris
: Larose
, 1935
.Bry
, Théodore de
. Americae, Omnia Elegantibus Figuris in Aes Expressa a T. de Bry
. Frankfurt am Main
: Theodor de Bry
, 1590
–1634
.Mpansu
Buakasa Tulu Kia
. L’Impensé du discours: “Kindoki” et “nkisi” en pays Kongo du Zaïre
. Kinshasa
: Faculté de Théologie catholique
, 1980
.Burke
, Timothy
. Lifebuoy Men, Lux Women: Commodification, Consumption, and Cleanliness in Modern Zimbabwe
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
, 1996
.Burton
, Richard Francis
. Two Trips to Gorilla Land and the Cataracts of the Congo
. Vol. 1
. London
: Sampson Low, Marston
, 1876
.Butler
, Judith
. The Psychic Life of Power
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
, 1997
.Bynum
, Caroline Walker
. The Resurrection of the Body in Western Christianity, 200–1336
. New York
: Columbia University Press
, 1995
.Carli
, Dionigi
. La Mission au Kongo des pères Michelangelo Guatari and Dionigi Carli (1668)
. Translated by d’Abaz
Alix du Cheyron
. Paris
: Editions Chandeigne, Librairie portugaise
, 2006
.Castoriadis
, Cornelius
. The Imaginary Institution of Society
. Cambridge
: Polity
, 1987
.Castoriadis
, Cornelius
. L’Institution imaginaire de la société
. 4th ed., revised and corrected
. Paris
: Seuil
, 1975
.Chavannes
, Charles de
. Avec Brazza: Souvenirs de la Mission de l’Ouest-Africain (Mars 1883–Janvier 1886)
. 3rd ed.Paris
: Librairie Plon
, 1935
.Chrétien
, Jean-Pierre
. “Hutu et Tutsi au Rwanda et au Burundi
.” In Au coeur de l’ethnie
, edited by M’Bokolo
Elikia
et Amselle
Jean-Loup
, 129
–65
. 2nd ed.Paris
: La Découverte
, 1999
.Cinnamon
, John
. “Ambivalent Power: Anti-Sorcery and Occult Subjugation in Late Colonial Gabon
.” Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History
3
, no. 3
(2002
): n.p.
Cinnamon
, John
. “Of Fetishism and Totemism: Missionary Ethnology and Academic Social Science in Early-Twentieth-Century Gabon
.” In The Spiritual in the Secular: Missionaries and Knowledge about Africa
, edited by Harries
Patrick
and Maxwell
David
, 100
–134
. Grand Rapids, MI
: W. B. Eerdmans
, 2012
.Clist
, Bernard
. Gabon: 100 000 ans d’histoire
. Libreville, Gabon
: Centre Culturel Français Saint-Exupéry
, 1995
.Cohen
, William
. Rulers of Empire: French Colonial Services in Africa
. Washington, DC
: Hoover Institution Press
, 1972
.Collodon
, Augustus C.
Congo Jake: The Story of My Adventurous Life
. London
: Sampson Low, Marston
, 1932
.Comaroff
, Jean
, and Comaroff
John L.
, eds. Modernity and Its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 1993
.Comaroff
, Jean
, and Comaroff
John
. “Occult Economies and the Violence of Abstraction: Notes from the South African Postcolony
.” American Ethnologist
26
, no. 2
(May
1999
): 279
–303
.Comaroff
, Jean
, and Comaroff
John L.
. Of Revelation and Revolution
. 2 vols
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 1991 and 1997
.Compiègne
, Louis-Alphonse-Victor du Pont de
. L’ Afrique équatoriale: Gabonais, Pahouins, Gallois
. Paris
: Plon
, 1876
.Compiègne
, Louis-Alphonse-Victor du Pont de
. L’ Afrique équatoriale: Okanda, Bangouens, Osyéba
. Paris
: Plon
, 1875
.Conan Doyle
, Arthur
. The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes and His Last Bow
. London
: Words worth Editions
, 1995
.Conklin
, Alice L.
A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 1895–1930
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
, 1997
.Cooper
, Frederick
. Citizenship between Empire and Nation: Remaking France and French Africa, 1945–1960
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
, 2014
.Cooper
, Frederick
. Colonialism in Question: Theory, Knowledge, History
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 2005
.Cooper
, Frederick
. “Conflict and Connection: Rethinking Colonial African History
.” American Historical Review
99
, no. 5
(December
1994
): 1516
–45
.Cooper
, Frederick
. Decolonization and African Society: The Labor Question in French and British Africa
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1996
.Cooper
, Frederick
, and Stoler
Ann Laura
, eds. Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 1997
.Coquery-Vidrovitch
, Catherine
. Le Congo au temps des grandes compagnies concessionnaires, 1898–1930
. Paris
: Mouton
, 1972
.Corbey
, Raymond
, and Theunissen
Bert
. Ape, Man, Apeman: Changing Views since 1600
. Leiden
: University of Leiden
, 1995
.Cornish
, Charles J.
The People’s Natural History: Embracing Living Animals of the World and Living Races of Mankind
. New York
: University Society
, 1903
.Cottes
, Augustin
. La Mission Cottes au sud-Cameroun (1905–1908): Exposé des résultats scientifiques, d’après les Travaux des divers membres de la Section française de la Commission de délimitation entre le Congo français et le Cameroun (frontière méridionale) et les documents étudiés au Muséum d’histoire naturelle
. Paris
: E. Leroux
, 1911
.Cureau
, Adolphe Louis
. Les Sociétés primitives de l’Afrique équatoriale
. Paris
: Armand Colin
, 1912
.Cureau
, Adolphe Louis
, and Andrews
E.
. Savage Man in Central Africa: A Study of Primitive Races in the French Congo
. London
: T. F. Unwin
, 1915
.Curtin
, Philip D.
, ed. Africa and the West: Intellectual Responses to European Culture
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
, 1972
.Curtin
, Philip D.
“Medical Knowledge and Urban Planning in Colonial Tropical Africa
.” American Historical Review
90
, no. 3
(1985
): 594
–613
.Daney
, Pierre
. “Sur les croyances des indigènes de la circonscription de Sindara (Gabon, A.E.F.)
.” Revue anthropologique
, no. 34
(1924
): 272
–82
.Darwin
, Charles
. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
. London
: John Murray
, 1859
.De Baecque
, Antoine
. The Body Politic: Corporeal Metaphor in Revolutionary France, 1770–1800
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
, 1997
.De Boeck
, Filip
. “Beyond the Grave: History, Memory and Death in Postcolonial Congo/Zaire
.” In Memory and the Postcolony: African Anthropology and the Critique of Power
, edited by Werbner
Richard
, 21
–55
. London
: Zed Books
, 1998
.De Boeck
, Filip
. “Borderland Breccia: The Mutant Hero in the Historical Imagination of a Central African Diamond Frontier
.” Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History
1
, no. 2
(winter2000
).De Brosses
, Charles
. Du culte des dieux fétiches, ou Parallèle de l’ancienne Religion de l’Egypte avec la Religion actuelle de Nigritie
. Geneva
: no publisher name [n.p.]
1760
.Dedet
, Christian
. La Mémoire du fleuve: L’Afrique aventureuse de Jean Michonet
. Paris
: Éditions Phébus
, 1984
.Delcourt
, Jean
. Au Congo français, Monseigneur Carrie, 1842–1904
. Paris
: S. I., no date
[n.d.] [1935?]
.Délicat
, Chérubin
. “Recherches sur la Mission Catholique du Saint Esprit de Mayumba de 1888 à 1960
.” Bachelor’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, 1983
.Delisle
, F.
“La Fabrication du fer dans le Haut-Ogooué observée par Léon Guiral, membre de la mission de l’Ouest africain
.” Revue d’ethnographie
, (1884
): 465
–73
.Denis
, Maurice Eugène
. Histoire militaire de l’Afrique équatoriale française
. Paris
: Imprimerie nationale
, 1931
.Deschamps
, Hubert
. Quinze ans de Gabon: Les Débuts de l’établissement français, 1839–1853
. Paris
: Société française d’histoire d’outre-mer, Maisonneuve et Larose
, 1965
.Deschamps
, Hubert
. Traditions orales et archives au Gabon: Contribution à l’ethnohistoire
. Paris
: Berger-Levrault
, 1962
.Deschamps
, Hubert
. Roi de la brousse: Mémoires d’autres mondes
. Paris
: Berger-Levrault
, 1975
.Devauges
, Roland
. L’Oncle, le ndoki et l’entrepreneur: La Petite entreprise congolaise à Brazzaville
. Paris
: Travaux et Documents de l’orstom
, 1977
.Dirks
, Nicholas B.
, ed. Colonialism and Culture
. Ann Arbor
: University of Michigan Press
, 1992
.Dorlin
, Elsa
. La Matrice de la race: Généalogie sexuelle et coloniale de la nation française
. Paris
: Éditions La Découverte
, 2006
.Douglas
, Mary
. “Primitive Rationing: A Study in Primitive Exchange
.” In Themes in Economic Anthropology
, edited by Firth
Raymond
, 119
–47
. Oxon
: Routledge
, 2004
.Douglas
, Mary
. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo
. London
: Routledge and Kegan Paul
, 1976
.Doutreloux
, Albert
. L’Ombre des fétiches: Socíeté et culture yombe
. Louvain
: Nauwelaerts
, 1967
.Drewal
, Henry
. “Mami Wata and Santa Marta: Imag(in)ing Selves and Others
.” In Images and Empire: Visuality in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa
, edited by Landau and Deborah Kaspin
Paul
, 193
–211
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 2002
.Du Chaillu
, Paul Belloni
. A Journey to Ashango-Land and Further Penetration into Equatorial Africa
. New York
: D. Appleton
, 1867
.Du Chaillu
, Paul Belloni
. Adventures in the Great Forest of Equatorial Africa and the Country of the Dwarfs
. Abridged and Popular
ed. New York
: Harper
, 1890
.Du Chaillu
, Paul Belloni
. The Country of the Dwarfs
. New York
: Harper and Brothers
, 1872
.Du Chaillu
, Paul Belloni
. Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa: With Accounts of the Manners and Customs of the People, and of the Chace [ sic] of the Gorilla, Crocodile, Leopard, Elephant, Hippopotamus, and Other Animals
. London
: John Murray
, 1861
; reprinted in
New York
: Negro University Press
, 1969
.Du Chaillu
, Paul Belloni
. Lost in the Jungle: Narrated for Young People
. New York
: Harper & Brothers
, 1875
.Du Chaillu
, Paul Belloni
. Recent Remarkable Discoveries in Central Africa
. Philadelaphia, PA
: Barclay
, 1867
.Du Chaillu
, Paul Belloni
. Stories of the Gorilla Country: Narrated for Young People
. New York
: Harper and Brothers
, 1872
.Du Chaillu
, Paul Belloni
. Voyages et aventures dans l’Afrique équatoriale: Moeurs et coutumes des habitants, chasses au gorille, au crocodile, au léopard, à l’éléphant, à l’hippopotame, etc., etc
. Paris
: M. Lévy frères
, 1863
.Dulucq
, Sophie
. “La mentalité cannibale
.” Post no. 19
. Anthropophagie et Histoire: Enquête sur une répression coloniale en Afrique
. Accessed 14 December 2017. https://anthist.hypotheses.org/325
.Dupré
, Georges
. “The History and Adventures of a Monetary Object of the Kwele
.” In Money Matters: Instability, Values, and Social Payments in the Modern History of West African Communities
, edited by Guyer
Jane
, 77
–96
. Portsmouth, NH
: Heinemann
, 1995
.Dupré
Georges
. “Le Commerce entre sociétés lignagères: Les Nzabi dans la traite à la fin du XIXe siècle (Gabon-Congo)
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
12
, no. 48
(1972
): 616
–58
.Dupré
, Georges
. Les Naissances d’une société: Espace et historicité chez les Beembé du Congo
. Paris
: Éditions de l’orstom
, 1985
.Durkheim
, Émile
. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life
. 1915
. New York
: Free Press
, 1965
.Ebang Ondo
, Jean Elvis
. Manifeste contre les crimes rituels au Gabon
. Paris
: L’Harmattan
, 2010
.Éboué
, Félix
. La Nouvelle politique indigène pour l’Afrique équatoriale française
. Paris
: Oӽce français d’édition
, 1940
.Eboussi Boulaga
, F.
Christianity without Fetishes: An African Critique and Recapture of Christianity
. Maryknoll, NY
: Orbis Books
, 1984
.Edema
, Atibakwa Baboya
. Dictionnaire bangála-français-lingála
. Saint Maur, France
: Sépia Éditions
, 1994
.Eggers
, Nicole
. “Kitawala in the Congo: Politics, Religion, Health and Healing in 20th Century Central Africa
,” PhD thesis
, University of Wisconsin-Madison
, May
2013
.Eggers
, Nicole
. “Mukombozi and the Monganga: The Violence of Healing in a Kitawalist Uprising in 1944
.” Africa
, no. 85
(2015
): 417
–36
.Ekang-Mve
, Arielle
. “Famille Nzébi et stérilité (Gabon)
.” Master’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, June
2006
.Elias
, Norbert
. La Civilisation des moeurs
. French translation
. Paris
: Calmann-Lévy
, 1973
.Elkhom Friedman
, Kajsa
. “Liberating the State from the People: Class, Power and Magic in Congo
.” Unpublished manuscript
, 1994
, author’s archives
.Ellis
, Stephen
, and ter Haar
Gerrie
. Worlds of Power: Religious Thought and Political Practice in Africa
. New York
: Oxford University Press
, 2004
.Emirbayer
, Mustapha
, and Mische
Ann
. “What Is Agency?
” American Journal of Sociology
103
, no. 4
(January
1998
): 962
–1023
.Engels
, Dagmar
, and Marks
Shula
, eds. Contesting Colonial Hegemony: State and Society in Africa and India
. London
: British Academic Press
, 1994
.Fabian
, Johannes
. Out of Our Minds: Reason and Madness in the Exploration of Central Africa
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 2000
.Feierman
, Steven
. “African Histories and the Dissolution of World History
.” In Africa and the Disciplines: The Contributions of Research in Africa to the Social Sciences and the Humanities
, edited by Bates
Robert H.
, Mudimbe
Valentin
, and O’Barr
Jean
, 167
–212
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 1993
.Feierman
, Steven
. Peasant Intellectuals: Anthropology and History in Tanzania
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
, 1990
.Feierman
, Steven
. “Colonizers, Scholars, and Invisible Histories
.” In Beyond the Linguistic Turn: New Directions in the Study of Society and Culture
, edited by Bonnell
Victoria E.
and Hunt
Lynn
, 182
–216
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 1999
.Ferme
, Mariane C.
The Underneath of Things: Violence, History, and the Everyday in Sierra Leone
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 2001
.Fernandez
, James W.
Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious Imagination in Africa
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
, 1981
.Fernandez
, James
. “Christian Acculturation and Fang Witchcraft
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
2
no. 6
(1961
): 244
–70
.“
Fétiches: objets enchantés, mots réalisés
.” Special issue of the journal Systèmes de pensée en Afrique noire
, no. 8
(1985
).Fields
, Karen E.
Revival and Rebellion in Colonial Central Africa: Revisions to the Theory of Indirect Rule
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
, 1985
.de Langle
Fleuriot
. “Croisières à la côte d’Afrique (1868)
.” In Le Tour du Monde: Nouveau Journal des Voyages
. Vol. 31
. Paris
: Librairie Hachette
, 1876
, 257
–304
.Foret
, Auguste
. “Le Lac Fernan-Vaz
.” Bulletin de la société de géographie
19
, no. 308
(1898
): 308
–27
.Foster
, George
. “Peasant Society and the Image of the Limited Good
.” American Anthropologist
, no. 62
(1965
): 293
–315
.Foucault
, Michel
. Abnormal: Lectures at the Collège de France
. New York
: Picador
, 1999
.Foucault
, Michel
. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison
. New York
: Vintage Books
, 1979
.Foucault
, Michel
. “Il faut défendre la société”: Cours au Collège de France (1975–1976)
. Paris
: Seuil/Gallimard
, 1997
.Foucault
, Michel
. Naissance de la clinique: Une Archéologie du regard médical
. 1963
. Paris
: Presses Universitaires de France
, 2009
.Franc
, Louis
. De l’origine des Pahouins: Essai de résolution de ce problème ethnologique
. Paris
: Maloine
, 1905
.Frank
, Frederick
. Days with Albert Schweitzer: A Lambaréné Landscape
. London
: Peter Davies
, 1959
.Freud
, Sigmund
. The Interpretation of Dreams
. 1899
. New York
: Chelsea House Publishers
, 1987
.Freud
, Sigmund
. Totem and Taboo: Some Points of Agreement between the Mental Lives of Savages and Neurotics
. New York
: Norton
, 1950
.Gallagher
, Catherine
, and Laqueur
Thomas Walter
. The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 1987
.Gardinier
, David E.
Historical Dictionary of Gabon
. 2nd ed.Metuchen, NJ
: Scarecrow Press
, 1994
.Gaulme
, Francois
. “Le Bwiti chez les Nkomi: Association cultuelles et évolution historique sur le littoral gabonais
.” Journal des africanistes
49
, no. 2
(1979
): 37
–87
.Gaulme
, François
. Le Pays de Cama: Un Ancien état côtier du Gabon et ses origines
. Paris
: Karthala
, 1981
.Gaulme
, François
. “Un Problème d’histoire du Gabon: Le sacre du Bichet par les Nkomi en 1897
.” Revue française d’histoire d’outre-mer
61
, no. 224
(1974
): 395
–416
.Geary
, Patrick J.
Furta Sacra: Thefts of Relics in the Central Middle Ages
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
, 1990
.Geary
, Christraud M.
“Photographic Practice in Africa and Its Implications for the Use of Historical Photographs as Contextual Evidence
.” In Fotographia e storia dell’ Africa
, edited by Triulzi
Alessandro
. Napoli
: I.U.O.
, 1995
.Geary
, Patrick J.
“Sacred Commodities: The Circulation of Medieval Relics
.” In The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural
, edited by Appadurai
Arjun
, 169
–91
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1986
.Gell
, Alfred
. “Technology and Magic
.” Anthropology Today
4
, no. 2
(1988
): 6
–9
.Geschiere
, Peter
. The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa
. Charlottesville
: University of Virginia Press
, 1997
.Geschiere
, Peter
. Witchcraft, Intimacy, and Trust: Africa in Comparison
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 2013
.Giles-Vernick
, Tamara
. Cutting the Vines of the Past: Environmental Histories of the Central African Rainforest
. Charlottesville
: University of Virginia Press
, 2002
.Giles-Vernick
, Tamara
, and Rupp
Stephanie
. “Visions of Apes, Reflections on Change: Telling Tales of Great Apes in Equatorial Africa
.” African Studies Review
49
, no. 1
(April
2006
): 51
–73
.Gilroy
, Paul
. Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line
, Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
, 2000
.Gilroy
, Paul
. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
, 1993
.Glassman
, Jonathan
. Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion, and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856–1888
. Portsmouth, NH
: Heinemann
, 1996
.Gluckman
, Max
. “Analysis of a Social Situation in Modern Zululand
.” Bantu Studies
40
, no. 1
(1940
): 1
–30
.Godelier
, Maurice
, and Strathern
Marilyn
, eds. Big Men and Great Men: Personifi-cations of Power in Melanesia
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1991
.Gollnhofer
, Otto
. “Boduku: Ethno-histoire ghetsogho
.” Thèse de l’École Pratique des Hautes Études
, Paris
, 1967
.Gollnhofer
, Otto
. “Les rites de passage de la société initiatique du Bwete chez les Mitsogho: La Manducation de l’iboga
.” Thèse de doctorat de troisième cycle, École Pratique des Hautes Études
, Paris
, 1974
.Gollnhofer
, Otto
, and Sillans
Roger
. La Mémoire d’un peuple: Ethno-histoire des Mitsogho, ethnie du Gabon central
. Paris
: Présence africaine
, 1997
.Gondola
, Charles Didier
. Villes miroirs: Migrations et identités urbaines à Brazza-ville et Kinshasa, 1930–1970
. Paris
: L’Harmattan
, 1997
.Goody
, Jack
. Death, Property, and the Ancestors: A Study of the Mortuary Customs of the Lodagaa of West Africa
. London
: Tavistock
, 1962
.Gordon
, David M.
Invisible Agents. Spirits in a Central African History
. Athens
: Ohio University Press
, 2012
.Gramsci
, Antonio
. Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci
. Edited and translated by Hoare
Quintin
and Smith
Geoffrey Nowell
. New York
: International
, 1971
.Grant
, Ben
. “‘Interior Explorations’: Paul Belloni du Chaillu’s Dream Book
.” Journal of European Studies
38
, no. 4
:407
–19
.Gray
, Christopher J.
Colonial Rule and Crisis in Equatorial Africa: Southern Gabon ca. 1850–1940
. Rochester, NY
: University of Rochester Press
, 2002
.Gray
, Christopher
. “Territoriality, Ethnicity and Colonial Rule in Southern Gabon, 1850–1960
.” PhD thesis
, Indiana University
, Bloomington
, 1995
.Gray
, Christopher
, and Ngolet
François
. “Lambaréné, Okoumé and the Transformation of Labor along the Middle Ogooué (Gabon), 1870–1945
.” Journal of African History
40
, no. 1
(1999
): 87
–107
.Great Britain Naval Intelligence Division
. French Equatorial Africa and Cameroons
. London
: Naval Intelligence Division
, 1942
.Grébert
, Fernand
. Au Gabon (Afrique équatoriale française)
. Paris
: Société des Missions évangéliques de Paris
, 1922
.Grébert
, Fernand
, Savary
Claude
, and Perrois
Louis
. Le Gabon de Fernand Grébert, 1913–1932
. Geneva
: Musée d’ethnographie de Genève
, 2003
.Greene
, Sandra E.
Sacred Sites and the Colonial Encounter: A History of Meaning and Memory in Ghana
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
, 2002
.du Bellay
Griffon
. “Le Gabon, 1861–1864
.” In Le Tour du Monde: Nouveau Journal des Voyages
, 273
–320
. Vol. 12
, no. 2
. Paris
: Librairie Hachette
, 1865
.Grinker
, Roy Richard
. Houses in the Rain Forest: Ethnicity and In equality among Farmers and Foragers in Central Africa
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 1994
.Groves
, Colin
. “A History of Gorilla Taxonomy
.” In Gorilla Biology: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
, edited by Taylor
Andrea B.
and Goldsmith
Michele L.
, 15
–34
. Cambridge, NY
: Cambridge University Press
, 2002
.Guernier
, Eugène
. Afrique équatoriale française
. Paris
: Encyclopédie coloniale et maritime
, 1950
.Guha
, Ranajit
. A Subaltern Studies Reader, 1986–1995
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
, 1997
.Guiral
, Léon
. Le Congo français du Gabon à Brazzaville
. Paris
: E. Plon, Nourrit
, 1889
.Guthrie
, Malcolm
. Comparative Bantu
, 4 vols
. Farnham, UK
: Gregg Press
, 1967
–1971
.Guyer
, Jane I.
“Indigenous Currencies and the History of Marriage Payments: A Case Study from Cameroon
.” Cahiers d’Études Africaines
26
, no. 104
(1986
): 577
–610
.Guyer
, Jane I.
“Bridewealth, and Dowry Revisited: The Position of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa and North India
.” Current Anthropology
30
, no. 4
(1989
): 413
–35
.Guyer
, Jane I.
Marginal Gains: Monetary Transactions in Atlantic Africa
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 2004
.Guyer
, Jane I.
, ed. Money Matters: Instability, Values, and Social Payments in the Modern History of West African Communities
. Portsmouth, NH
: Heinemann
, 1995
.Guyer
, Jane I.
“Wealth in People and Self-Realization in Equatorial Africa
.” Man
28
, no. 2
(1993
): 243
–65
.Guyer
, Jane I.
, and Eno Belinga
Samuel M.
. “Wealth in People as Wealth in Knowledge: Accumulation and Composition in Equatorial Africa
.” Journal of African History
36
, no. 1
(1995
): 91
–120
.Haraway
, Donna
. Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science
. New York
: Routledge
, 1989
.Harms
, Robert W.
River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500–1891
. New Haven, CT
: Yale University Press
, 1981
.Hecht
, Gabrielle
. Radiance of France: Nuclear Power and National Identity after World War II
. Boston, MA
: MIT Press
, 1998
.Hendricks
, Thomas
. “Work in the Rainforest: Labour, Race and Desire in a Congolese Logging Camp
.” PhD thesis
, Institute for Anthropological Research in Africa, Catholic University of Leuven
, 2013
.Heusch
, Luc de
. Sacrifice in Africa: A Structuralist Approach
. Manchester, UK
: Manchester University Press
, 1985
.Heywood
, Linda M.
, and Thornton
John K.
. Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Making of the Foundation of the Americas, 1585–1660
. New York
: Cambridge University Press
, 2007
.Hochschild
, Adam
. King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa
. Mariner Books
. Boston, MA
: Houghton MiӼin
, 1999
.Hodgson
, Amanda
. “Defining the Species: Apes, Savages and Humans in Scientific and Literary Writing of the 1860s
.” Journal of Victorian Culture
4
, no. 2
(1999
): 228
–51
.Horn
, Trader
, and Lewis
Ethelreda
. Trader Horn: Being the Life and Works of Alfred Aloysius Horn
. New York
: Library Guild of America
, 1927
.Houlet
, Georges
. Les guides bleus: Afrique centrale: Les républiques d’expression française
. Paris
: Librairie Hachette
, 1962
.Howard
, Allen M.
, and Shain
Richard M.
, eds. The Spatial Factor in African History: The Relationship of the Social, Material, and Perceptual
. Leiden
: Brill
, 2005
.Hubert
, Henri
, and Mauss
Marcel
. Sacrifice: Its Nature and Function
. London
: Cohen & West
, 1964
.Hunt
, Nancy Rose
. A Colonial Lexicon of Birth Ritual, Medicalization, and Mobility in the Congo
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
, 1999
.Hunt
, Nancy Rose
. A Nervous State: Violence, Remedies, and Reveries in Colonial Congo
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
, 2016
.Hutchinson
, Sharon Elaine
. Nuer Dilemmas: Coping with Money, War, and the State
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 1996
.Huxley
, Thomas Henry
. Man’s Place in Nature: And Other Anthropological Essays
. New York
: D. Appleton
, 1919
.Idiata
, Daniel Franck
. Les langues du Gabon: Données en vue de l’élaboration d’un atlas linguistique
. Paris
: L’Harmattan
, 2007
.Ikogou-Renamy
, Lionel Cédrick
. “L’Or blanc: Le Marché occulte et illégal du corps humain à Libreville
.” PhD thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, 2014
.Isischei
, Elizabeth
. Voices of the Poor in Africa: Moral Economy and the Popular Imagination
. Rochester NY
: University of Rochester Press
, 2002
.Janzen
, John M.
, and Arkinstall
William
. The Quest for Therapy in Lower Zaire
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 1978
.Jean-Baptiste
, Rachel
. Conjugal Rights: Marriage, Sexuality, and Urban Life Colonial Libreville, Gabon, 1849–1960
. Athens
: Ohio University Press
, 2014
.Jewsiewicki
, Bogumil
. Mami Wata: La Peinture Urbaine au Congo
. Paris
: Gallimard
, 2003
.Johnson
, Walter
. “On Agency
.” Journal of Social History
37
, no. 1
(autumn2003
): 113
–24
.Kantorowicz
, Ernst
. The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Mediaeval Political Theology
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
, 1957
.Kapferer
, Bruce
. Strategy and Transaction in an African Factory: African Workers and Indian Management in a Zambian Town
. Manchester, UK
: Manchester University Press
, 1972
.Kapferer
, Bruce
. Transaction and Meaning: Directions in the Anthropology of Exchange and Symbolic Behavior
. Philadelphia, PA
: Institute for the Study of Human Issues
, 1976
.Kialo
, Paulin
. Anthropologie de la forêt: Populations pové et exploitants forestiers français au Gabon
. Paris
: L’Harmattan
, 2007
.Kingsley
, Mary Henrietta
. Travels in West Africa Congo Français, Corisco, and Cam-eroons
. London
: Macmillan
, 1897
.Klieman
, Kairn A.
“The Pygmies Were Our Compass”: Bantu and Batwa in the History of West Central Africa, Early Times to c. 1900 C.E.
Portsmouth, NH
: Heinemann
, 2003
.Koumba
, Monique
. “Contribution à l’histoire de Mouila des origines à 1971
.” Master’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, 1984
.Koumba
, Micheline
. “Le Dibur-Simbu et la naissance du Mwi Bapunu
.” Bachelor’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, 1985
.Koumba-Mamfoumbi
, Monique
. “La Mission Saint Martin des Apindji (1900–1954): Étude de cas sur l’histoire de l’évangélisation du Gabon
.” Master’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, 1983
.Koumba-Mamfoumbi
, Monique
. “Les Punu du Gabon des origines à 1899
.” PhD thesis
, Université Paris l-Sorbonne
, 1987
.Kriger
, Colleen E.
Pride of Men: Ironworking in 19th-Century West Central Africa
. Portsmouth, NH
: Heinemann
, 1999
.Laburthe-Tolra
, Philippe
. Initiations et sociétés secrètes au Cameroun: Essai sur la religion bëti
. Paris
: Karthala
, 1985
.Laburthe-Tolra
, Philippe
. Les Seigneurs de la forêt: Essai sur le passé historique, l’organisation sociale et les normes éthiques des anciens Bëti du Cameroun
. Paris
: Publications de la Sorbonne
, 1981
.Laburthe-Tolra
, Philippe
. Vers la lumière ou Le désir d’Ariel: À propos des Bëti du Cameroun: Sociologie de la conversion
. Paris
: Karthala
, 1999
.Laburthe-Tolra
, Philippe
, Falgayrettes-Leveau
Christiane
, and Tessmann
Günther
. Fang
. Paris
: Musée Dapper
, 1991
.LaGamma
, Alisa
. “The Body Eternal: The Aesthetics of Equatorial African Reliquary Sculpture
.” In Eternal Ancestors: The Art of the Central African Reliquary
, edited by Lagamma
Alisa
, 3
–32
. New York
: Metropolitan Museum of Art
/New Haven, CT
: Yale University Press
, 2007
.LaGamma
, Alisa
, ed. Eternal Ancestors: The Art of the Central African Reliquary
. New York
: Metropolitan Museum of Art
/New Haven, CT
: Yale University Press
, 2007
.Laman
, Karl E.
The Kongo
. 4 vols. 1953; repr.
, Uppsala, Sweden
: Almqvist & Wiksell
, 1962
.Landau
, Paul Stuart
, and Kaspin
Deborah D.
. Images and Empires: Visuality in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 2002
.Laplanche
, Jean
, and Pontalis
Jean-Bertrand
. Vocabulaire de la psychanalyse
. 5th ed.Paris
: Presses universitaires de France
, 2007
.Largeau
, Victor
. Encyclopédie pahouine, Congo français: Éléments de grammaire et dictionnaire français-pahouin
. Paris
: E. Leroux
, 1901
.Larkin
, Brian
. “The Politics and Poetics of Infrastructure
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
42
(2013
): 327
–43
.Larkin
, Brian
. Signal and Noise: Media, Infrastructure, and Urban Culture in Nige-ria
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
, 2008
.Larson
, Pier
. “Capacities and Modes of Thinking: Intellectual Engagements and Subaltern Hegemony in the Early History of Malagasy Christianity
.” American Historical Review
102
, no. 4
(1997
): 969
–1002
.Latour
, Bruno
. Sur le culte moderne des dieux faitiches, suivi de Iconoclash
. Paris
: La Découverte
, 2009
.Lavergne
, Elsa de
. La Naissance du roman policier français: Du Second Empire à la Première Guerre mondiale
. Paris
: Classiques Garnier
, 2009
.Lavignotte
, Henri
. L’Évur: Croyance des pahouins au Gabon
. Paris
: Société des Missions évangéliques
, 1936
.Lawrance
, Benjamin N.
, Osborn
Emily L.
, and Roberts
Richard L.
. Intermediaries, Interpreters, and Clerks: African Employees in the Making of Colonial Africa
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
, 2006
.Le Bon
, Gustave
. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind
. 1896
. New York
: Penguin Books
, 1977
.Le Bon
, Gustave
. Les Premières civilisations
. Paris
: Bibliothèque Camille Flammarion
, 1889
.Le Bon
, Gustave
. L’Homme et les sociétés—Leurs origines et leur histoire
. Paris
: J. Rothschild
, 1881
.Le Bon
, Gustave
. Lois psychologiques de l’évolution des peuples
. Paris
: Félix Alcan
, 1895
.Le Breton
, David
. Anthropologie du corps et modernité
. 2nd ed.Paris
: Presses universitaires de France
, 2001
.Le Testu
, Georges
. Notes sur les coutumes bapounou dans la circonscription de la Nyanga
. Caen, France
: J. Haulard la Brière
, n.d.
Lee
, Christopher J.
“The ‘Native’ Undefined: Colonial Categories, Anglo-African Status and the Politics of Kinship in British Central Africa, 1929–38
.” Journal of African History
46
, no. 3
(2005
): 457
–78
.Leroi-Gourhan
, André
, and Poirier
Jean
. Ethnologie de l’Union française (territoires extérieurs)
. Paris
: Presses universitaires de France
, 1953
.Léry
, Jean de
. Journal de Bord de Jean de Léry en la Terre de Brésil, 1557
. Paris
: Editions de Paris
, 1957
.Lestringant
, Frank
. Cannibals: The Discovery and Representation of the Cannibal from Columbus to Jules Verne
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 1997
.Lestringant
, Frank
. Une Sainte horreur, ou, le voyage en Eucharistie: XVIe–XVIIIe siècle
. Paris
: Presses universitaires de France
, 1996
.Lévi-Strauss
, Claude
. The Elementary Structures of Kinship
. Boston, MA
: Beacon Press
, 1969
.Lévi-Strauss
, Claude
. The Savage Mind
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 1966
.Lewis
, Ethelreda
, Trader Horn: Being the Life and Works of Alfred Aloysius Horn
. New York
: Library Guild of America
, 1927
.Lindstrom
, Lamont
. Cargo Cult: Strange Stories of Desire from Melanesia and Beyond
. Honolulu
: University of Hawai’i Press
, 1993
.Lock
, Margaret M.
, and Nguyen
Vinh-Kim
. An Anthropology of Biomedicine
. Chichester, UK
: Wiley-Blackwell
, 2010
.Lonsdale
John
. “Kenya: Home Country and African Frontier
.” In Settlers and Expatriates: Britons over the Seas
, edited by Bickers
Robert
, 74
–111
. Oxford
: Oxford University Press
, 2010
.Lydon
, Ghislaine
. “The Unraveling of a Neglected Source: A Report on Women in Francophone West Africa in the 1930s
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
37
, no. 147
(1997
): 555
–84
.Mabik-ma-Kombil
, Parlons Yipunu: Langue et culture des Punu du Gabon-Congo
. Paris
: L’Harmattan
, 2001
.MacGaffey
, Wyatt
. “Aesthetics and Politics of Violence in Central Africa
.” Journal of African Cultural Studies
13
, no. 1
(June
2000
): 63
–75
.MacGaffey
, Wyatt
. “Changing Representations in Central African History
.” Journal of African History
46
, no. 2
(2005
): 189
–207
.MacGaffey
, Wyatt
. “Kongo and the King of the Americans
.” Journal of Modern African Studies
6
, no. 2
(1968
): 171
–81
.MacGaffey
, Wyatt
. Kongo Political Culture: The Conceptual Challenge of the Particular
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
, 2000
.MacGaffey
, Wyatt
. Modern Kongo Prophets: Religion in a Plural Society
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
, 1983
.MacGaffey
, Wyatt
. Religion and Society in Central Africa: The Bakongo of Lower Zaire
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 1986
.MacGaffey
, Wyatt
. “The Religious Commissions of the Bakongo
.” Man
5
, no. 1
(March
1970
): 27
–38
.MacGaffey
, Wyatt
, and et alAstonishment and Power
. Washington, DC
: Published for the National Museum of African Art by the Smithsonian Institution Press
, 1993
.Mallart Guimera
, L.
Ni dos ni ventre: Religion, magie, et sorcellerie Evuzok
. Paris
: Société d’ethnographie
, 1981
.Mamfoumbi
, Christian
. “L’Évolution des sociétés secrètes chez les Gisir du Gabon
.” Master’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, 1981
.Mandendi
, Eric Gilles Dibady
. “Stations missionaires et postes administratifs dans la Ngounié nord (1850–1959)
.” Master’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, 1991
.Manghady Manghady
, José Hervé
. “Le Commerce inter-ethnique au Gabon: Le Cas des Nzébi et des Punu du sud Ngounié dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle
.” Master’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, 1997
.Mann
, Gregory
. Native Sons: West African Veterans and France in the Twentieth Century
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
, 2006
.Marche
, Alfred
. Trois voyages dans l’Afrique occidentale: Sénégal—Gambie—Casamance—Gabon—Ogooué
. 2nd ed.Paris
: Librairie Hachette
, 1882
.Marie-Germaine
, Soeur
, and Marin
Louis
. Le Christ au Gabon
. Louvain
: Museum Lessianum
, 1931
.Martin
, Phyllis M.
Catholic Women of Congo-Brazzaville: Mothers and Sisters in Troubled Times
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
, 2009
.Martin
, Phyllis M.
The External Trade of the Loango Coast, 1576–1870: The Effects of Changing Commercial Relations on the Vili Kingdom of Loango
. Oxford
: Clarendon Press
, 1972
.Martin
, Phyllis M.
“Family Strategies in Nineteenth-Century Cabinda
.” Journal of African History
28
, no. 1
(1987
): 65
–86
.Martin
, Phyllis M.
Leisure and Society in Colonial Brazzaville
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1995
.Mary
, André
. “La Diabolisation du sorcier et le réveil de Satan
.” Religiologiques
, no. 18
(1998
): 53
–77
.Mary
, André
. Le Défi du syncrétisme: Le Travail symbolique de la religion d’Eboga, Gabon
. Paris
: Éditions de l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales
, 1999
.Masquelier
, Adeline
. “Narratives of Power, Images of Wealth: The Ritual Economy of Bori in the Market
.” In Modernity and Its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa
, edited by and John Comaroff
Jean
, 3
–33
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 1993
.Matimi
, Jean-Christophe
. “Tradition et innovations dans la construction de l’identité chez les Shamaye (Gabon) entre 1930 et 1990
.” PhD thesis
, Université Laval
, 1998
.Mauss
, Marcel
. The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies
. New York
: Norton
, 1990
.Mauss
, Marcel
. “Techniques of the Body
,” Economy and Society
2
, no. 1
(1973
): 70
–88
.Mazenot
, Georges
. La Likouala-Mossaka: Histoire de la pénétration du Haut Congo, 1878–1920
. Paris
: La Haye, Mouton
, 1970
.Mba
, Léon
. “Essai de droit coutumier pahouin
.” Bulletin de la société de recherches congolaises
, no. 25
(1938
): 5
–47
.Mbembe
, Achille
. Afriques indociles: Christianisme, pouvoir et état en société postco-loniale
. Paris
: Karthala
, 1988
.Mbembe
, Achille
. “La Colonie, son petit secret et sa part maudite
.” Politique africaine
, no. 102
(June
2006
): 101
–27
.Mbembe
, Achille
. La Naissance du maquis dans le Sud-Cameroun (1920–1960): Histoire des usages de la raison en colonie
. Paris
: Karthala
, 1996
.Mbembe
, Achille
. “La Prolifération du divin en Afrique sub-Saharienne
.” In Les politiques de Dieu
, edited by Kepel
Gilles
, 177
–201
. Paris
: Karthala
, 1993
.Mbembe
, Achille
. “Provisional Notes on the Postcolony
.” Africa
, 62
, no. 1
(1992
): 3
–37
.M’Bokolo
, Elikia
. Noirs et blancs en Afrique équatoriale: Les Sociétés côtières et la pénétration française, vers 1820–1874
. Paris
: Editions de l’Ecole des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales
, 1981
.McClintock
, Anne
. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest
. New York
: Routledge
, 1995
.Meillassoux
, Claude
. Maidens, Meal, and Money: Capitalism and the Domestic Community
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1981
.Memmi
, Albert
. Portrait du colonisé: Précédé du portrait du colonisateur
. Paris
: Buchet/Chastel
, 1957
.Meteghe-N’Nah
, Nicolas
. Histoire du Gabon: Des Origines à l’aube du XXIe siècle
. Paris
: L’Harmattan
, 2006
.Meteghe-N’Nah
, Nicolas
. “Imaginaire populaire, croyances et établissement de la domination coloniale au Gabon au XIXe siècle
.” Annales de la Faculté des Lettres, Arts et Sciences Humaines
, Université d’Abomey-Calavi
, Bénin
, no. 8
(December
2002
): 79
–92
.Meteghe-N’Nah
, Nicolas
. L’Implantation coloniale au Gabon: Résistance d’un peuple
. Paris
: L’Harmattan
, 1981
.Meteghe-N’Nah
, Nicolas
. Mariage morganatique et intégration sociale chez les peuples matrilinéaires du Gabon précolonial: L’Exemple punu
. Libreville
: Éditions des Annales de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines
, 2005
.Meyer
, Birgit
. “Mediation and Immediacy: Sensational Forms, Semiotic Ideologies and the Question of the Medium
.” Social Anthropology
, no. 19
(2011
): 23
–39
.Meyer
, Birgit
, and Pels
Peter
, eds. Magic and Modernity: Interfaces of Revelation and Concealment
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
, 2003
.Miers
, Suzanne
, and Kopytoff
Igor
, eds. Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
, 1977
.Miller
, John
. Empire and the Animal Body: Violence, Identity, and Ecology in Victorian Adventure Fiction
. London
: Anthem Press
, 2014
.Miller
, John
. “Meat, Cannibalism and Humanity in Paul du Chaillu’s Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa; or, What Does a Gorilla Hunter Eat for Breakfast?
” Gothic Studies
16
, no. 1
(May
2014
): 70
–84
.Miller
, Joseph C.
Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730–1830
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
, 1988
.Missié
, Jean-Pierre
. “Signification et influence des enseignes à caractère religieux dans le domaine commercial à Brazzaville
.” Annales de l’Université Marien Ngouabi
8
, no. 1
(2007
): 57
–72
.Missionaries of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
. The Gospel according to St John, translated into the Mpongwe Language
. New York
: American Bible Society
, 1852
.Missioumbou
, Paul
. “Héritage, contradictions et changements socio-culturels chez les Nzébi: Contribution à l’analyse de la crise de l’institution familiale au Gabon
.” Master’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, 1999
.Monaville
, Pedro A. G.
“Decolonizing the University: Postal Politics, the Student Movement, and Global 1968 in the Congo
.” PhD thesis
, University of Michigan
, 2013
.Monroe
, John Warne
. Laboratories of Faith: Mesmerism, Spiritism, and Occultism in Modern France
. Ithaca, NY
: Cornell University Press
, 2008
.Montandon
, Georges
. La Race, les races: Mise au point d’ethnologie somatique
. Paris
: Payot
, 1933
.Mouguiama-Daouda
, Patrick
. Remplacement, extinction et mélange des langues: Situation gabonaise et perspectives théoriques
. Paris
: L’Harmattan
, 2006
.Mulina
, Habi Buganza
, “Le Nkisi dans la tradition Woyo du Bas-Zaire
.” Fétiches: Objets enchantés, mots réalisés
. Special issue of Systèmes de pensée en Afrique noire
, no. 8
(1985
): 201
–20
.Murray
, Colin
, and Sanders
Peter
. Medicine Murder in Colonial Lesotho: The Anatomy of a Moral Crisis
. Edinburgh
: Edinburgh University Press
, 2005
.Nassau
, Robert Hamill
. Crowned in Palm-Land: A Story of African Mission Life
. Philadelphia, PA
: J. Lippincott
, 1874
.Nassau
, Robert Hamill
. Fetishism in West Africa: Forty Years’ Observation of Native Customs and Superstitions
. London
: Duckworth
, 1904
.Nassau
, Robert Hamill
. In an Elephant Corral: And Other Tales of West African Experiences
. 1912
. New York
: Negro Universities Press
, 1969
.Nassau
, Robert Hamill
. My Ogowe: Being a Narrative of Daily Incidents during my Sixteen years in Equatorial West Africa
. New York
: Neale
, 1914
.Ndaywel à Nziem
, Isodore
. “Du Zaïre au Congo: La Vierge du Désarmement et la guerre de libération
.” Canadian Journal of African Studies
33
, no. 2
(1999
): 500
–529
.Ngolet
, François
. “Ideological Manipulations and Political Longevity: The Power of Omar Bongo in Gabon since 1967
.” African Studies Review
43
, no. 2
(2000
): 55
–71
.Niehaus
, Isak
. “Coins for Blood and Blood for Coins: From Sacrifice to Ritual Murder in the South African Lowveld
.” Etnofoor
13
, no. 2
(2000
): 31
–54
.Nsuka-Nkutsi
, François
. Éléments de description du Punu
. Lyon, France
: Université Lyon 2
, 1980
.Nzamba
, Frank Christopher
. “La Sorcellerie dans les conflits d’héritage en milieu urbain chez les Punu: Cas de Libreville
.” Master’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Onbimba
, Libreville
, 2005
.Obengui
, Guy Donald Adjoï
. “Njobi et pouvoir politique chez les Mbede
.” Master’s thesis
, Université Omar Bongo Ondimba
, Libreville
, 2008
.Obeyesekere
, Gananath
. Cannibal Talk: The Man-Eating Myth and Human Sacrifice in the South Seas
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 2005
.Obyesekere
, Gananath
. The Work of Culture: Symbolic Transformation in Psychoanalysis and Anthropology
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 1990
.Oliver-Mason
, Joshua
. “These Blurred Copies of Himself: T. H. Huxley, Paul du Chaillu, and the Reader’s Place among the Apes
.” Victorian Literature and Culture
42
(2014
): 99
–122
.Ostergaard-Christensen
, Lavrids
. At Work with Albert Schweitzer
. London
: George Allen & Unwin
, 1962
.Parry
, Jonathan
, and Bloch
Maurice
, eds. Money and the Morality of Exchange
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1989
.Patterson
, K. David
. “Paul B. Du Chaillu and the Exploration of Gabon, 1855–1865
.” International Journal of African Historical Studies
7
, no. 4
(1974
): 647
–67
.Payeur-Didelot
, P.
Trente mois au continent mystérieux: Gabon-Congo et côte occidentale d’Afrique
. Paris
: Berger-Levrault
, 1899
.Perrois
, Louis
. Arts du Gabon: Les Arts plastiques du bassin de l’Ogooué
. Paris
: Éditions de l’ORSTOM
, 1979
.Perrois
, Louis
. Byeri Fang: Sculptures d’ancêtres en Afrique
. Marseille, France
: Musées de Marseille, Réunion des Musées Nationaux
, 1992
.Perrois
, Louis
, ed. L’Esprit de la forêt. Terres du Gabon
. Bordeaux, France
: Musée d’Aquitaine/Paris: Somogy Éditions d’art
, 1997
.Perrois
, Louis
. “The Western Historiography of African Reliquary Sculpture
.” In Eternal Ancestors: The Art of the Central African Reliquary
, edited by LaGamma
Alisa
, 63
–77
. New York
: Metropolitan Museum of Art
/New Haven, CT
: Yale University Press
, 2007
.Pietz
, William
. “The Problem of the Fetish: I
.” RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics
, no. 9
(spring1985
): 5
–17
.Pietz
, William
. “The Problem of the Fetish, II: The Origin of the Fetish
.” RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics
, no. 13
(spring1987
): 23
–45
.Pietz
, William
. “The Problem of the Fetish, IIIa: Bosman’s Guinea and the Enlightenment Theory of Fetishism
.” RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics
, no. 16
(autumn1988
): 105
–24
.Portet
, Mariette
. En blanc sur les cartes
. Condé-sur-Noireau, France
: Imprimeur-Editeur Ch. Corlet
, 1969
.Poutrin
, Léon
. Travaux scientifiques de la Mission Cottes au Sud-Cameroun, 1905–1908: Anthropologie, ethnographie, linguistique
. Paris
: E. Leroux
, 1911
.Pratt
, Mary Louise
. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation
. London
: Routledge
, 1992
.Pratten
, David
. The Man-Leopard Murders: History and Society in Colonial Nigeria
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
, 2007
.Pulcu
, Erdem
. “An Evolutionary Perspective on Gradual Formation of Superego in the Primal Horde
.” Frontiers in Psychology
5
, no. 8
(January
2014
): n.p., published online
.Ranger
, Terence
. “Taking Hold of the Land: Holy Places and Pilgrimages in Twentieth-Century Zimbabwe
.” Past and Present
, no. 117
(1987
): 158
–94
.Raponda-Walker
, André
. Au pays des Ishogos: Simple récit de voyage
. Libreville
: Fondation Raponda Walker
, 1994
.Raponda-Walker
, André
. Contes Gabonais
. Nouvelle édition revue et augmentée
. Paris
: Présence africaine
, 1967
.Raponda-Walker
, André
. Éléments de grammaire ébongwé (langue des pygmées)
. Libreville
: Fondation Raponda Walker
, n.d. [1937]
.Raponda-Walker
, André
. Éléments de grammaire fang
. Libreville
: Fondation Raponda Walker
, 1995
.Raponda-Walker
, André
. Éléments de grammaire ghetsogho
. Libreville
: Fondation Raponda Walker
, n.d.
Raponda-Walker
, André
. Notes d’histoire du Gabon, Suivi de: Toponymie de l’Estuaire Libreville et Toponymie du Fernan Vaz Port Gentil
. 1960
. Libreville
: Éditions Raponda-Walker
, 1996
.Raponda-Walker
, André
, and Sillans
Roger
. Rites et croyances des peuples du Gabon: Essai sur les pratiques religieuses d’autrefois et d’aujourd’hui
. Paris
: Présence africaine
, 1983
.Rashkin
, Esther
. Unspeakable Secrets and the Psychoanalysis of Culture
. Albany, NY
: SUNY Press
, 2008
.Reade
, William Winwood
. Savage Africa; Being the Narrative of a Tour in Equatorial, Southwestern and Northwestern Africa
. New York
: Harper & Brothers
, 1864
.Reading
, Joseph H.
The Ogowe Band: A Narrative of African Travel
. Philadelphia, PA
: Reading
, 1890
.Renouard
, Georges
. L’Ouest africain et les Missions Catholiques: Congo et Oubanghi
. Paris
: H. Oudin
, 1904
.Reste
, Jean-François
. À l’ombre de la grande forêt
. 7th ed.Paris
: Stock, Delamain & Boutelleau
, 1943
.Rey
, Alain
, ed. Dictionnaire historique de la langue française
. 2 Vols
., Paris
: Dictionnaires Le Robert
, 2000
.Rey
, Pierre-Philippe
. “Articulation des modes de dépendance et des modes de reproduction dans deux sociétés lignagères (Punu et Kunyi du Congo-Brazzaville)
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
9
, no. 35
(1969
): 415
–40
.Rey
, Pierre-Philippe
. Colonialisme, néo-colonialisme et transition au capitalisme: Exemple de la Comilog au Congo-Brazzaville
. Paris
: F. Maspero
, 1971
.Rich
, Jeremy
. Missing Links: The African and American Worlds of R. L. Garner, Primate Collector
. Athens
: University of Georgia Press
, 2012
.Rich
, Jeremy
. A Workman Is Worthy of His Meat: Food and Colonialism in the Gabon Estuary
. Lincoln
: University of Nebraska Press
, 2007
.Rosny
, Eric de
. Les Yeux de ma chèvre: Sur les pas des maîtres de la nuit en pays Douala (Cameroun)
. Paris
: Librairie Plon
, 1981
.Rossatanga-Rignault
, Guy
. Le Travail du Blanc ne finit jamais: L’Africain, le temps et le travail moderne
. Libreville
: Éditions Raponda-Walker
, 2007
.Sahlins
, Marshall
. “Poor Man, Rich Man, Big Man, Chief: Political Types in Melanesia and Polynesia
.” Comparative Studies in History and Society
5
, no. 3
(April
1963
): 285
–303
.Salpêteur
, Matthieu
, and Warnier
Jean-Pierre
. “Looking for the Effects of Bodily Organs and Substances through Vernacular Public Autopsy in Cameroon
.” Critical African Studies
5
, no. 3
(fall2013
): 154
–73
.Sautter
, Gilles
. De l’Atlantique au fleuve Congo: Une géographie du sous-peuplement, République du Congo, République gabonaise
. Paris
: La Haye, Mouton
, 1966
.Schatzberg
, Michael G.
Political Legitimacy in Middle Africa: Father, Family, Food
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
, 2001
.Scheper-Hughes
, Nancy
. “The Global Traӽc in Human Organs
.” Current Anthropology
41
, no. 2
(April
2000
): 191
–224
.Scheper-Hughes
, Nancy
, and Wacquant
Loïc
, eds. Commodifying Bodies
. Thousand Oaks, CA
: Sage Publications
, 2002
.Schweinfurth
, August Georg
. Au coeur de l’Afrique: Trois ans de voyages et d’aventures dans les régions inexplorées de l’Afrique centrale
. Vol. 1
. Paris
: Hachette
, 1875
.Schweitzer
, Albert
. African Notebook
. 1939
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
, 1958
.Schweitzer
, Albert
. The Primeval Forest
. 1931
. Baltimore, MD
: Johns Hopkins University Press
, 1998
.Sharp
, Lesley A.
Strange Harvest: Organ Transplants, Denatured Bodies, and the Transformed Self
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 2006
.Shaw
, Rosalind
. Memories of the Slave Trade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 2002
.Shaw
, Rosalind
. “The Production of Witchcraft/Witchcraft as Production: Memory, Modernity and the Slave Trade in Sierra Leone
.” American Ethnologist
24
, no. 4
(1996
): 856
–76
.Shipton
, Parker M.
Mortgaging the Ancestors: Ideologies of Attachment in Africa
. New Haven, CT
: Yale University Press
, 2009
.Sinda
, Martial
. Le Messianisme congolais et ses incidences politiques: Kimbanguisme, matsouanisme, autres mouvements
. Paris
: Payot
, 1972
.Spear
, Thomas
. Mountain Farmers: Moral Economies of Land and Agricultural Development in Arusha and Meru
. Oxford
: James Currey
, 1997
.Spear
, Thomas
. “Neo-Traditionalism and the Limits of Invention in British Colonial Africa
.” Journal of African History
44
, no. 1
(2003
): 3
–27
.Staden
, Hans
. Hans Staden’s True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil (c. 1557)
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
, 2008
.Steiner
, Christopher Burghard
. African Art in Transit
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1994
.Stoler
, Ann Laura
. Along the Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
, 2009
.Stoler
, Ann Laura
. Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 2002
.Stoler
, Ann Laura
. “In Cold Blood: Hierarchies of Credibility and the Politics of Colonial Narratives
.” Representations
, no. 37
(1992
): 151
–89
.Stoler
, Ann Laura
. “Sexual Affronts and Racial Frontiers: European Identities and the Cultural Politics of Exclusion in Colonial Southeast Asia
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
34
, no. 3
(1992
): 514
–51
.Suchman
, Lucy A.
Human-Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions
. 2nd ed.Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 2007
.Summers
, Carol
. “Intimate Colonialism: The Imperial Production of Reproduction in Uganda, 1907–1925
.” Signs
16
, no. 4
(summer1991
): 787
–807
.Sweet
, James H.
Recreating Africa: Culture, Kinship, and Religion in the African-Portuguese World, 1441–1770
. Chapel Hill
: University of North Carolina Press
, 2003
.Swiderski
, Stanislaw
. “Notes biographiques sur les fondateurs et les guides spirituels des sectes syncrétiques au Gabon
.” Anthropologica
15
, no. 1
(1973
): 37
–87
.Taussig
, Michael T.
“Culture of Terror, Space of Death. Roger Casement’s Putamayo Report and the Explanation of Torture
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
26
(1984
): 467
–97
.Taussig
, Michael T.
Shamanism, Colonialism, and the Wild Man: A Study in Terror and Healing
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 1986
.Taylor
, Mark C.
Critical Terms for Religious Studies
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 1998
.Teissères
, Urbain
. Méthode pratique pour apprendre l’Omyènè
. Paris
: Société des Missions Evangéliques de Paris
, 1957
.Tessmann
, Günther
. Die Pangwe: Völkerkundliche Monographie Eines Westafri-kanischen Negerstammes; Ergebnisse Der Lübecker Pangwe-expedition, 1907–1909 und Früherer Forschungen, 1904–1907
. Berlin
: E. Wasmuth, A.-G.
, 1913
. Partial translation in French in
Fang
, edited by Laburthe-Tolra
Philippe
and Falgayrettes-Leveau
Christiane
, 167
–314
. Paris
: Musée Dapper
, 1991
.Thévet
, André
. The New Found Worlde or Antarctike
. London
: Henrie Bynneman for Thomas Hacket
, 1568
.Thomas
, Lynn M.
“The Modern Girl and Racial Respectability in 1930s South Africa
.” Journal of African History
47
, no. 3
(2006
): 461
–90
.Thompson
, Robert Farris
, and Cornet
Joseph
. The Four Moments of the Sun: Kongo Art in Two Worlds
. Washington, DC
: National Gallery of Art
, 1981
.Thornton
, John K.
Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1800
. 2nd ed.Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1998
.Thornton
, John
. “Cannibals, Witches, and Slave Traders in the Atlantic World
.” William and Mary Quarterly
60
, no. 2
(2003
): 273
–94
.Thornton
, John K.
The Kingdom of Kongo: Civil War and Transition, 1641–1718
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
, 1983
.Thornton
, John K.
The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684–1706
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1998
.Tonda
, Joseph
. “Fétichisme et sorcellerie: La Force de mort du pouvoir souverain moderne en Afrique centrale
.” Unpublished paper
, author’s archives
.Tonda
, Joseph
. La Guérison divine en Afrique centrale (Congo, Gabon)
. Paris
: Karthala
, 2002
.Tonda
, Joseph
. Le Souverain moderne: Le Corps du pouvoir en Afrique centrale (Congo, Gabon)
. Paris
: Karthala
, 2005
.Tonda
, Joseph
. L’Impérialisme postcolonial: Critique de la société des éblouissements
. Paris
: Karthala
, 2015
.Trézenem
, Edouard
. L’Afrique équatoriale française: Le Cameroun
. Paris
: Société d’éditions géographiques, maritimes et coloniales
, 1947
.Trézenem
, Édouard
, and Lembezat
Bertrand
. La France Équatoriale: L’Afrique équatoriale française: Le Cameroun
. Paris
: Société d’éditions géographiques, maritimes et coloniales
, 1947
.Trilles
, Henri
. Chez les Fang, ou Quinze années de séjour au Congo français
. Lille
: Société Saint-Augustin & Desclée, De Brouwer
, 1913
.Trilles
, Henri
. Mille Lieues dans l’inconnu: En pleine forêt équatoriale; chez les Fang anthropophages
. Bruges
: Librairie de l’OEuvre Saint-Charles
, 1935
.Trivedi
, Harish
. Colonial Transactions: English Literature and India
. New York
: Manchester University Press
, 1995
.Tsing
, Anna Lowenhaupt
. Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
, 2005
.Turner
, Bryan S.
The Body and Society: Explorations in Social Theory
. Thousand Oaks, CA
: Sage Publications
, 1996
.Vacher de la Pouge
, Georges
. L’Aryen, son rôle social, cours libre de science politique, professé à l’Université de Montpellier (1889–1890)
. Paris
: A. Fontemoing
, 1899
.Vansina
, Jan
. Art History in Africa: An Introduction to Method
. London
: Longman
, 1984
.Vansina
, Jan
. Being Colonized: The Kuba Experience in Rural Congo, 1880–1960
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
, 2010
.Vansina
, Jan
. How Societies Are Born: Governance in West Central Africa before 1600
. Charlottesville
: University of Virginia Press
, 2004
.Vansina
, Jan
. Paths in the Rainforests: Toward a History of Political Tradition in Equatorial Africa
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
, 1990
.Vansina
, Jan
. “Peoples of the Forest
.” In History of Central Africa
, edited by Birmingham
David
and Martin
Phyllis M.
, 75
–117
. Vol. 1
. London and New York
: Longman
, 1983
.Vansina
, Jan
. The Tio Kingdom of the Middle Congo, 1880–1892
. London
: Oxford University Press
, 1973
.Vassal
, Gabrielle
, and Vassal
Joseph
. Français, Belges et Portugais en Afrique équatoriale: Pointe-Noire, Matadi, Lobito
. Paris
: Roger
, 1931
.Vaughan
, Megan
. Curing Their Ills: Colonial Power and African Illness
. Cambridge, UK
: Polity Press
, 1991
.Vellut
, Jean-Luc
. “Quelle profondeur historique pour l’image de la Vierge Marie au Congo?
” Canadian Journal of African Studies
33
no. 2
(1999
): 530
–47
.Villault
, Nicolas
. Relation des costes d’Afrique, appellées Guinée. Paris
: Thierry, 1669.
Vincent
, Jeanne-Françoise
. “Le Mouvement Croix-Koma: Une nouvelle forme de lutte contre la sorcellerie en pays Kongo
.” Cahiers d’éudes africaines
6
, no. 24
(1966
): 527
–63
.Voronoff
, Serge
. Quarante-trois greffes du singe à l’homme
. Paris
: Librairie Octave Doin
, 1924
.Vromen
, Ariadne
, Gelber
Katharine
, and Gauja
Anika
. Powerscape: Contemporary Australian Politics
. Sydney, Australia
: Allen & Unwin
, 2009
.Wannyn
, Rob L.
L’art ancien du métal au Bas-Congo
. Champles par Wavre, Belgium
: Éditions du Vieux Planquesaule
, 1961
.Warner
, Marina
. “Fee Fie to Fum: The Child in the Jaws of History
.” In Cannibalism and the Colonial World
, edited by Barker
John
, Hulme
Peter
and Inversen
Margaret
, 165
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
, 1998
.Weiner
, Annette B.
Inalienable Possessions: The Paradox of Keeping-While-Giving
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 1992
.White
, Luise
. The Assassination of Herbert Chitepo: Texts and Politics in Zimbabwe
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
, 2003
.White
, Luise
. Speaking with Vampires: Rumor and History in Colonial Africa
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
, 2000
.White
, Luise
. Unpopular Sovereignty: Rhodesian Independence and African Decolonization
. Chicago, IL
: University of Chicago Press
, 2015
.Wickers
, Serge
. Contribution à la connaissance du droit privé des Bakongo
. Bordeaux, France
: Taffard
, 1954
.Wilson
, Leonard G.
“The Gorilla and the Question of Human Origins: The Brain Controversy
.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
51
(1996
): 184
–207
.Wing
, Joseph van
. Études Bakongo: Sociologie—Religion et Magie
. 2nd ed.Brussels
: Desclée de Brouwer
, 1959
.Worsley
, Peter
. The Trumpet Shall Sound: A Study of “Cargo” Cults in Melanesia
. 3rd ed.1957
. New York
: Schocken
, 1968
.Yengo
, Patrice
. Les Mutations sorcières dans le bassin du Congo: Du ventre et de sa politique
. Paris
: Karthala
, 2016
.Yengo
, Patrice
. “Médicaments, pratique de soin, lien social: La question de la médicalité en Afrique centrale
.” Unpublished research project
, 2010
, author’s archives
.Young
, Robert
. Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture, and Race
. London
: Routledge
, 1995
.Zantop
, Susanne
. Colonial Fantasies: Conquest, Family, and Nation in Precolonial Germany, 1770–1870
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
, 1997
.Zika
, Charles
. The Appearance of Witchcraft: Print and Visual Culture in Sixteenth-Century Europe
. London
: Routledge
, 2007
.