Skip to Main Content
Skip Nav Destination
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.
This content is only available as PDF.

REFERENCES

Aaronson
,
S.
2014
.
Comment #171: Walter Lewin
.
Shtetl Optimized
,
December
14
. .
Abbate
,
J.
2012
.
Recoding Gender: Women’s Changing Participation in Computing
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
About
.”
n.d. Confidence Coalition. Accessed August 2016. http://confidencecoalition.org/about
.
About
.”
n.d. Return of Kings. Accessed February 18, 2018. http://www.returnofkings.com/about
.
About Us
.”
n.d. National Co ali tion for Men. Accessed February 18, 2018. http://ncfm.org/ncfm-home/
.
Adkins
,
L.
2001
. “
Cultural Feminization: ‘Money, Sex and Power’ for Women
.”
Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
26
(
3
):
669
95
.
Ahmed
,
S.
2010
.
The Promise of Happiness
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Ahmed
,
S.
2012
.
On Being Included: Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Ahmed
,
S.
2014
. “
Selfcare as Warfare
.”
Feminist Killjoys
,
August
25
. .
Ahmed
,
S.
2016
. “
Losing Confidence
.”
Feminist Killjoys
,
March
1
. .
American Association of University Women
.
1991
.
Shortchanging Girls, Shortchanging America
.
Washington, DC
:
American Association of University Women
. .
Am I Pretty or Ugly?
2010
.
YouTube video
,
2
:
47
.
Posted by “sgal901,” December 17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8D9mqqkgH-O
.
Am I Pretty or Ugly?
2012
.
YouTube video
,
4
:
31
.
Posted by “SmileLoveBeauty8,” January 15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WoyZPn6hKY4
.
Amoruso
,
S.
2015
.
#Girlboss
.
Portfolio
.
Anderson
,
C.
2016
.
White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide
.
London
:
Bloomsbury Publishing
.
Andrejevic
,
M.
2002
. “
The Work of Being Watched: Interactive Media and the Exploitation of Self-Disclosure
.”
Critical Studies in Media Communication
19
(
2
):
230
48
.
Arviddson
,
A.
2006
.
Brands: Meaning and Value in Media Culture
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
2007
.
Kids Rule! Nickelodeon and Consumer Citizenship
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
2012
.
Authentic TM: The Politics of Ambivalence in a Brand Culture
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
2014
. “
Am I Pretty or Ugly? Girls and the Market for Self-Esteem
.”
Girlhood Studies
7
(
1
):
83
101
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
2015
. “
‘Confidence You Can Carry!’: Girls in Crisis and the Market for Girls’ Empowerment Organizations
.”
Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies
.
29
(
2
):
182
93
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
, and
Castells
M.
.
2017
. “
Economy Is Culture
.” In
Another Economy Is Possible: Culture and Economy in a Time of Crisis
, by M. Castells.
Cambridge
:
Polity
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
, and
Miltner
K. M.
.
2015
. “
#MasculinitySoFragile: Culture, Structure, and Networked Misogyny
”.
Feminist Media Studies
16
(
1
):
171
74
.
Barker
,
M.
2004
.
Girls on Track: A Parent’s Guide to Inspiring Our Daughters to Achieve a Lifetime of Self-Esteem and Respect
.
New York
:
Ballantine Books
.
Baym
,
N. K.
2015
. “
Connect with Your Audience! The Relational Labor of Connection
.”
Communication Review
18
(
1
):
14
22
.
Beck
,
Ulrich
.
1992
.
Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity
.
London
:
Sage
.
Beinart
,
P.
2016
. “
Fear of a Female President
.”
Atlantic
,
October
. .
Bell
,
K.
,
Kampe
C.
, and
Taylor
N.
.
2015
. “
Of Headshots and Hugs: Challenging Hypermasculinity through ‘The Walking Dead’ Play
.”
Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology
(
7
). .
Berger
,
J.
1972
.
Ways of Seeing
.
London
:
BBC
.
Berlant
,
L.
2008
.
The Female Complaint: The Unfinished Business of Sentimentality in American Culture
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Berman
,
J.
2015
. “
Why That ‘Like a Girl’ Super Bowl Ad Was So Groundbreaking
.”
Huffington Post
,
February
2
. .
Beusman
,
C.
2014
. “
What Does It Mean for Feminism If Feminism Becomes Trendy?
Jezebel
,
February
24
. .
Bever
,
L.
2015
. “
Sexism and the Nobel Prize Scientist: A Backlash to the Backlash
.”
Washington Post
,
June
12
. .
Blake
,
M.
2015
. “
Mad Men: Inside the Men’s Rights Movement— and the Army of Misogynists and Trolls It Spawned
.”
Mother Jones
,
January/February
. .
boyd
,
d
.
2010
. “
Social Network Sites as Networked Publics: Affordances, Dynamics, and Implications
.” In
A Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture on Social Network Sites
, edited by
Papacharissi
Z.
,
39
58
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Bratich
,
J.
2011
. “
Affective Convergence in Reality Television: A Case Study in Divergence
.” In
Flow TV: Television in the Age of Media Convergence
, edited by
Kackman
M.
,
Binfield
M.
,
Payne
M. T.
,
Perlman
A.
, and
Sebok
B.
,
55
74
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Brock
,
A.
2012
. “
From the Blackhand Side: Twitter as a Cultural Conversation
.”
Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
56
(
4
):
529
49
.
Brough
,
M. M.
2012
. “
‘Fair Vanity’: The Visual Culture of Humanitarianism in the Age of Commodity Activism
.” In
Commodity Activism: Cultural Resistance in Neoliberal Times
, edited by
Mukherjee
R.
and
Banet-Weiser
S.
,
174
94
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Brownmiller
,
S.
[1975] 2013
.
Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape
.
New York
:
Open Road Media
.
Butler
,
J.
,
Gambetti
Z.
, and
Sabsay
L.
, eds.
2016
.
Vulnerability in Resistance
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Butler
,
J.
, and
Scott
J. W.
, eds.
1992
.
Feminists Theorize the Political
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Castells
,
M.
1996
.
The Rise of the Network Society. Vol. 1 of The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture
.
Hoboken, NJ
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Castells
,
M.
2007
. “
Communication, Power and Counter-Power in the Network Society
.”
International Journal of Communication
(
1
):
238
66
.
Castells
,
M.
2009
.
Communication Power
.
Oxford
:
Oxford University Press
.
Castells
,
M.
2012
.
Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age
.
Cambridge
:
Polity
.
Castells
,
M.
2017
.
Another Economy Is Possible: Culture and Economy in a Time of Crisis
.
Cambridge
:
Polity
.
Catalan
,
J.
2014
. “
Google Admits Lack of Diversity in Newly Released Report
.”
Diversity Inc.
,
July
29
. .
Chambers
,
L.
2016
. “
‘Don’t Be That Guy’ Campaign Tackles Sexual Assault
.”
Campus Lately
,
August
10
. .
Chatman
,
D.
2017
. “
Black Twitter and the Politics of Viewing Scandal
.” In
Fandom: Identities and Communities in a Mediated World
, 2nd ed., edited by
Gray
J.
,
Sandvoss
C.
, and
Harrington
C. L.
,
299
314
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Chemaly
,
S.
2016
. “
If You Don’t Take Women’s Harassment Seriously, You Don’t Want to Understand the Problem
.”
Huffington Post
,
January
27
. .
Chernin
,
K.
1994
.
The Obsession: Reflections on the Tyranny of Slenderness
.
New York
:
Harper Perennial
.
Chouliaraki
,
L.
2013
.
The Ironic Spectator: Solidarity in the Age of Post-humanitarianism
.
Hoboken, NJ
:
John Wiley & Sons
.
Chu
,
A.
2014a
. “
Your Princess Is in Another Castle: Misogyny, Entitlement, and Nerds
.”
Daily Beast
,
May
27
. .
Chu
,
A.
2014b
. “
I’m Not ‘That Creepy Guy from the Internet’: How Gamergate Gave the Geek Community a Bad Name
.”
Salon
,
October
30
. .
Citron
,
D. K.
2014
.
Hate Crimes in Cyberspace
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
Collins
,
S. T.
2014
. “
Anita Sarkeesian on GamerGate: ‘We Have a Problem and We’re Going to Fix This’
[interview]. Rolling Stone
,
October
17
. .
Confessore
,
N.
2016
. “
For Whites Sensing Decline, Donald Trump Unleashes Words of Resistance
.”
New York Times
,
July
13
,
2016
. .
Cooky
,
C.
, and
McDonald
M. G.
.
2005
. “
If You Let Me Play: Young Girls’ Insider-Other Narratives of Sport
.”
Sociology of Sport Journal
22
(
2
):
158
77
.
CoverGirl
.
2014
. “
#GirlsCan: Women’s Empowerment” [Television commercial]
. .
Cruikshank
,
B.
1999
.
The Will to Empower: Democratic Citizens and Other Subjects
.
Ithaca, NY
:
Cornell University Press
.
Currie
,
D.
1999
.
Girl Talk: Adolescent Magazines and Their Readers
.
Toronto
:
University of Toronto Press
.
Curtis
,
J. L.
, and
Cornell
L.
.
2007
.
I’m Gonna Like Me: Letting Off a Little Self-Esteem
.
Los Angeles
:
Joanna Cotler Books
.
Cyber Civil Rights Initiative
. n.d. “
38 States + DC Have Revenge Porn Laws
.” .
Day
,
E.
2011
. “
Honey Money: The Power of Erotic Capital by Catherine Hakim— Review
.”
Guardian
,
May
27
. .
Dean
,
J.
2005
. “
Communicative Capitalism: Circulation and the Foreclosure of Politics
.”
Cultural Politics
1
(
1
):
51
74
.
Devlin [drkatedevlin]
,
K.
.
2015
. “
Dear department: please note l will be unable to chair the 10am meeting this morning because I am too busy swooning and crying. #timhunt
.”
Tweet
,
June
10
. .
Dewey
,
C.
2014
. “
Inside the ‘Manosphere’ That Inspired Santa Barbara Shooter Elliot Rodger
.”
Washington Post
,
May
27
. .
Dickson
,
E. J.
2014
. “
The History of Revenge Porn That Led to Hunter Moore’s Arrest
.”
Daily Dot
,
January
23
. .
DiSesa
,
N.
2008
.
Seducing the Boys Club: Uncensored Tactics from a Woman at the Top
.
New York
:
Random House Digital
.
Dobson
,
A. S.
2008
. “
Femininities as Commodities: Cam Girl Culture
.” In
Next Wave Cultures: Feminism, Subcultures
, edited by
Harris
A.
,
123
48
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Dockterman
,
E.
2016
. “
Barbie’s Got a New Body
.”
Time
,
January
27
. .
Dosekun
,
S.
2015
. “
For Western Girls Only? Post-feminism as Transnational Culture
.”
Feminist Media Studies
15
(
6
):
960
75
.
Douglas
,
S. J.
1989
.
Inventing American Broadcasting, 1899–1922
.
Baltimore, MD
:
Johns Hopkins University Press
.
Duca
,
L.
2016
. “
Donald Trump Is Gaslighting America
.”
Teen Vogue
,
December
10
. .
Duffy
,
B. E.
2015
. “
The Gendered Politics of Digital Brand Labor
.”
Antenna
,
March
18
. .
Duffy
,
B. E.
2017
.
(Not) Getting Paid to Do What You Love: Gender, Social Media, and Aspirational Work
.
New Haven, CT
:
Yale University Press
.
Dunbar-Hester
,
C.
2016
. “
Geek
.” In
Digital Keywords: A Vocabulary of Information Society and Culture
, edited by
Peters
B.
,
149
57
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Durham
,
M. G.
2008
.
The Lolita Effect: The Media Sexualization of Young Girls and What We Can Do about It
.
New York
:
Overlook Press
.
Dwyer
,
J.
2012
. “
A Real Girl, 14, Takes a Stand against the Flawless Faces in Magazines
.”
New York Times
,
May
3
. .
Edell
,
D.
,
Brown
L. M.
, and
Tolman
D.
.
2013
. “
Embodying Sexualisation: When Theory Meets Practice in Intergenerational Feminist Activism
.”
Feminist Theory
14
(
3
):
275
84
.
Edwards
,
S. R.
,
Bradshaw
K. A.
, and
Hinsz
V. B.
.
2014
. “
Denying Rape but Endorsing Forceful Intercourse: Exploring Differences among Responders
.”
Violence and Gender
1
(
4
):
188
93
.
Egan
,
R. D.
2013
.
Becoming Sexual: A Critical Appraisal of the Sexualization of Girls
.
Cambridge
:
Polity
.
Elias
,
A.
,
Gill
R.
, and
Scharff
C.
.
2017
.
Aesthetic Labour: Beauty Politics in Neoliberalism
.
Basingstoke, UK
:
Palgrave Macmillan
.
Ensmenger
,
N. L.
2012
.
The Computer Boys Take Over: Computers, Programmers, and the Politics of Technical Expertise
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
Ensmenger
,
N. L.
2012
.
2015
. “
Beards, Sandals, and Other Signs of Rugged Individualism: Masculine Culture within the Computing Professions
.”
Osiris
30
(
1
):
38
65
.
Faludi
,
S.
1991
.
Backlash: The Undeclared War against American Women
.
New York
:
Crown Publishing Group
.
Favaro
,
L.
2017
. “
Transnational Technologies of Gender and Mediated Intimacy
.”
PhD diss.
,
City University of London
.
Featherstone
,
L.
, ed.
2016
.
False Choices: The Faux Feminism of Hillary Rodham Clinton
.
New York
:
Verso Books
.
Feldman
,
J.
2016
. “
Teen Vogue Writer Battles Tucker Carlson: ‘ You’re Actually Being a Partisan Hack’
.”
Mediaite
,
December
23
. .
Filipovic
,
J.
2014
. “
Emma Watson Named Celebrity Feminist of the Year
.”
Cosmopolitan
,
December
19
. .
Folkenflik
,
D.
2016
. “
Trump Essay Signals Shift in Approach for Teen Vogue
.”
All Things Considered
,
December
23
. .
Foucault
,
M.
[1977] 1995
.
Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison
.
New York
:
Vintage
.
Frank
,
N.
2017
. “
Visibility Is at the Heart of LGBTQ Politics. But Is It Always the Best Strategy?
Slate
,
June
26
. .
Freedman
,
J.
2016
. “
Donald Trump Is a Vile Misogynist—but He’s Not the Only One
.”
Guardian
,
October
21
. .
Fried
,
B.
2013
. “
Students Speak: The Power of stem
.”
The White House Blog
,
March
28
. .
Friedman
,
M.
2015
. “
Powerful Message of the #LikeAGirl Campaign
.”
Huffington Post
,
February
3
. .
Gambetti
,
Z.
2013
. “
The Politics of Visibility: Hot Spots
.”
Cultural Anthropology
,
October
31
. .
Garcia
,
S. E.
2017
. “
The Woman Who Created #MeToo Long Before Hashtags
.”
New York Times
,
October
20
. .
Garza
,
A.
n.d. “
A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement
.”
Black Lives Matter
. .
Gay
,
R.
2014
.
Bad Feminist
.
New York
:
Harper Perennial
.
Gay
,
R.
2017
. “
Hate That Doesn’t Hide
.”
New York Times
,
August
18
.
Gibson
,
M.
2014
. “
Is This the Most Hated Man in the World?
Time
,
November
12
. .
Gibson-Graham
,
J. K.
2006
.
A Postcapitalist Politics
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Giddens
,
A.
1991
Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age
.
Cambridge
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Gilbert
,
S.
2016
. “
Teen Vogue’s Political Coverage Isn’t Surprising
.”
Atlantic
,
December
12
. .
Gill
,
R.
2007
. “
Postfeminist Media Culture: Elements of a Sensibility
.”
European Journal of Cultural Studies
10
(
2
):
147
66
.
Gill
,
R.
2008
. “
Empowerment/Sexism: Figuring Female Sexual Agency in Contemporary Advertising
.”
Feminism & Psychology
18
(
1
):
35
60
.
Gill
,
R.
2011
. “
Sexism Reloaded, or, It’s Time to Get Angry Again!
Feminist Media Studies
11
(
1
):
61
71
.
Gill
,
R.
2016a
. “
Postfeminism and the New Cultural Life of Feminism
.”
Diffractions: Gradu ate Journal for the Study of Culture
(
6
). .
Gill
,
R.
2016b
. “
‘Post-postfeminism?’: New Feminist Visibilities in Postfeminist Times
.”
Feminist Media Studies
16
(
4
):
610
30
.
Gill
,
R.
, and
Elias
A. S.
.
2014
. “
‘Awaken Your Incredible’: Love Your Body Discourses and Postfeminist Contradictions
.”
International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics
10
(
2
):
179
88
.
Gill
,
R.
, and
Orgad
S.
.
2015
. “
The Confidence Cult(ure)
.”
Australian Feminist Studies
30
(
86
):
324
44
.
Gill
,
R.
, and
Pratt
A.
.
2008
. “
In the Social Factory? Immaterial Labour, Precariousness and Cultural Work
.”
Theory, Culture & Society
25
(
7–8
):
1
30
.
Gilman
,
M. E.
2012
. “
The Class Differential in Privacy Law
.”
Brooklyn Law Review
77
(
4
). .
Gilson
,
E.
2014
.
The Ethics of Vulnerability: A Feminist Analysis of Social Life and Practice
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Glennon
,
W.
1999
.
200 Ways to Raise a Girl’s Self-Esteem: An Indispensable Guide for Parents, Teachers, and Other Concerned Caregivers
.
New York
:
Conari
.
Goldstein
,
M.
2015
. “
Law Firm Founds Project to Fight ‘Revenge Porn’
”.
New York Times
,
January
29
. .
Gray
,
E.
2012
. “
‘Am I Ugly?’ Videos: Young Teens Ask YouTube Users Whether They’re Pretty or Not
.”
Huffington Post
,
February
21
. .
Gray
,
H.
2013
. “
Subject(ed) to Recognition
.”
American Quarterly
65
(
4
):
771
98
.
Gregg
,
M.
2013
.
Work’s Intimacy
.
Hoboken, NJ
:
John Wiley & Sons
.
Grewal
,
I.
2005
.
Transnational America: Feminisms, Diasporas, Neoliberalisms
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Griner
,
D.
2014
. “
Ad of the Day: P&G Surges at Olympic Finish Line with Covergirls’ ‘Girls Can’ Campaign
.”
AdWeek
,
February
24
. .
Grish
,
K.
2015
. “
Easy, Effective Ways to Be More Confident
.”
Men’s Health
,
March
19
. .
Gross
,
L.
2012
.
Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
“GTFO: Get the F*ck Out” [Reviews]
.
2015
.
IMDB
,
June
10
. .
Gunn
,
C.
2015
. “
Hashtagging for the Margins: Women of Color Engaged in Feminist Consciousness-Raising on Twitter
.” In
Women of Color and Social Media Multitasking: Blogs, Timelines, Feeds, and Community
, edited by
Tassie
K. E.
and
Givens
S. M. B.
,
21
34
.
Lanham, MD
:
Lexington Books
.
Hains
,
R. C.
2012
.
Growing Up with Girl Power: Girlhood on Screen and in Everyday Life
.
Bern, Switzerland
:
Peter Lang
.
Hakim
,
C.
2011
.
Erotic Capital: The Power of Attraction in the Boardroom and the Bedroom
.
New York
:
Basic Books
.
Hall
,
S.
1998
. “
Notes on Deconstructing ‘the Popular’
”. In
Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A Reader
, edited by
Storey
John
,
442
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Harris
,
A.
2003
.
Future Girl: Young Women in the Twenty-First Century
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Harris
,
A.
, ed.
2004
.
All about the Girl: Culture, Power, and Identity
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Hartocollis
,
A.
, and
Alcindor
Y.
.
2017
. “
Women’s March Highlights as Huge Crowds Protest Trump: ‘ We’re Not Going Away’
.”
New York Times
,
January
21
. .
Hartsock
,
N. C.
1983
. “
The Feminist Standpoint: Developing the Ground for a Specifically Feminist Historical Materialism
.” In
Discovering Reality
,
283
310
.
Amsterdam
:
Springer Netherlands
.
Hasinoff
,
A. A.
2015
.
Sexting Panic: Rethinking Criminalization, Privacy, and Consent
.
Champaign
:
University of Illinois Press
.
Hearn
,
A.
2008
. “
Meat, Mask, Burden: Probing the Contours of the Branded ‘Self’
”.
Journal of Consumer Culture
8
(
2
):
197
217
.
Hearn
,
A.
2010
. “
Structuring Feeling: Web 2.0, Online Ranking and Rating, and the Digital ‘Reputation’ Economy
.”
Ephemera
10
(3/4):
421
38
.
Hearn
,
A.
2017
. “
Verified: Self-Presentation, Identity Management, and Selfhood in the Age of Big Data
.”
Popular Communication
10
(
2
):
62
77
.
Hegde
,
R. S.
2011
.
Circuits of Visibility: Gender and Transnational Media Cultures
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Hicks
,
M.
2017
.
Programmed Inequality: How Britain Discarded Women Technologists and Lost Its Edge in Computing
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
Hochschild
,
A. R.
1983
.
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Hochschild
,
A. R.
2012
.
The Outsourced Self: Intimate Life in Market Times
.
New York
:
Metropolitan Books
.
Hong
,
G. K.
2006
.
The Ruptures of American Capital: Women of Color, Feminism, and the Culture of Immigrant Labor
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
HoSang
,
D.
, and
Lowndes
J.
. Forthcoming. “
Theorizing Race in the Age of Inequality
.” In
Post-Race Racial Projects
, edited by
Mukherjee
R.
,
Banet-Weiser
S.
, and
Gray
H.
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Hu
,
E.
2012
. “
‘Seventeen’ Magazine Takes No-Photoshop Pledge after 8th-Grader’s Campaign
”.
Two Way
,
July
5
. .
Huhman
,
H.
2012
. “
STEM Fields and the Gender Gap: Where Are the Women?
Forbes Magazine
,
June
20
. .
Illouz
,
E.
2008
.
Saving the Modern Soul: Therapy, Emotions, and the Culture of Self-Help
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Inspire Her Mind
.”
2014
.
[Television commercial]. Verizon/Makers
. .
Jaschik
,
S.
2005
. “
What Larry Summers Said
.”
Inside Higher Ed
,
February
18
. .
Jeffords
,
S.
1983
.
Hard Bodies: Hollywood Masculinity in the Reagan Era
.
New Brunswick, NJ
:
Rutgers University Press
.
Johnson
,
D.
2016
.
Unpublished paper in author’s possession
.
Jones
,
O.
2017
. “
Google’s Sexist Memo Has Provided the Alt-Right with a New Martyr
.”
Guardian
,
August
8
. .
Kanai
,
A.
2016
. “
Managing the Self-Social Tension: Digital Feminine Self-Production in an Intimate Public
.”
PhD diss.
,
Monash University
,
Melbourne, Australia
.
Kantor
,
J.
, and
Twohey
M.
.
2017
. “
Harvey Weinstein Paid Off Sexual Harassment Accusers for Decades
.”
New York Times
,
October
5
. .
Kashner
,
S.
2014
. “
Both Huntress and Prey
.”
Vanity Fair
,
November
. .
Kay
,
K.
, and
Shipman
C.
.
2014a
.
The Confidence Code: The Science and Art of Self-Assurance— What Women Should Know
.
New York
:
HarperBusiness
.
Kay
,
K.
, and
Shipman
C.
.
2014b
. “
The Confidence Gap
.”
Atlantic
,
May
,
1–18
.
Kearney
,
M. C.
2006
.
Girls Make Media
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Kendall
,
L.
1999
. “
‘The Nerd Within’: Mass Media and the Negotiation of Identity among Computer-Using Men
.”
Journal of Men’s Studies
7
(
3
):
353
69
.
Kendall
,
L.
2011
. “
‘White and Nerdy’: Computers, Race, and the Nerd Stereotype
.”
Journal of Popular Culture
44
(
3
):
505
24
.
Kim
,
E.
2016
. “
The Politics of Visibility
.”
Disrupting the Digital Humanities
,
January
6
. .
King
,
S.
2006
.
Pink Ribbons, Inc: Breast Cancer and the Politics of Philanthropy
.
Minneapolis
:
University Minnesota Press
.
Koffman
,
O.
, and
Gill
R.
.
2013
. “
‘The Revolution Will Be Led by a 12-Year-Old Girl’: Girl Power and Global Biopolitics
.”
feminist review
105
(
1
):
83
102
.
Kolko
,
B.
,
Nakamura
L.
, and
Rodman
G.
, eds.
2013
.
Race in Cyberspace
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Lears
,
T. J. J.
1983
. “
From Salvation to Self-Realization: Advertising and the Therapeutic Roots of the Consumer Culture, 1880–1930
.” In
The Culture of Consumption: Critical Essays in American History, 1880–1980
, edited by
Fox
R. W.
and
Lears
T. J. J.
,
1
38
.
New York
:
Pantheon Books
.
Leonard
,
S.
2009
.
Fatal Attraction
.
Hoboken, NJ
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Lewinsky
,
M.
2015
. “
The Price of Shame
[video]. TED
,
March
2015
. .
Lewinsky
,
M.
2017
. “
Monica Lewinsky: Roger Ailes’s Dream Was My Nightmare
.”
New York Times
,
May
22
. .
Lewis
,
M.
2017
. “
The Red-Pill Right Swaps Chivalry for Misogyny
.”
Daily Beast
,
April
26
. .
Lopez
,
A.
2015
. “
Ellen Pao’s Resignation from Reddit
.”
Counterpunch
,
July
15
. .
Lyons
,
M. N.
2016
. “
Alt-Right: More Misogynistic Than Many Neonazis
.”
threewayfight
,
December
3
. .
Marcotte
,
A.
2014
. “
‘The Fappening’ and Revenge Porn Culture: Jennifer Lawrence and the Creepshot Epidemic
.”
Daily Beast
,
September
3
. .
Marwick
,
A. E.
2013
.
Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity, and Branding in the Social Media Age
.
New Haven, CT
:
Yale University Press
.
Marwick
,
A. E.
2017
. “
Scandal or Sex Crime? Gendered Privacy and the Celebrity Nude Photo Leaks
.”
Ethics, Information, Technology
19
(
3
):
177
91
.
Marwick
,
A.
, and
Lewis
R.
.
2015
. “
Media Manipulation and Disinformation On-line
.”
Report. Data & Society
. .
Massanari
,
A.
[2015] 2017
. “
#Gamergate and the Fappening: How Reddit’s Algorithm, Governance, and Culture Support Toxic Technocultures
.”
New Media & Society
19
(
3
):
329
46
.
First published online October 9, 2015
.
Matsui
,
A.
2016
. “
Senator Jeff Sessions’ Problematic Record on Women’s Rights
.”
National Women’s Law Center
,
December
20
. .
Mazzarella
,
S. R.
, ed.
2005
.
Girl Wide Web: Girls, the Internet, and the Negotiation of Identity
.
Bern, Switzerland
:
Peter Lang
.
McGee
,
M.
2005
.
Self Help, Inc.: Makeover Culture in American Life
.
Oxford
:
Oxford University Press
.
McKay
,
B.
, and
McKay
K.
.
2008
. “
Increase Your Manly Confidence Overnight
.”
The Art of Manliness
,
January
10
. .
McKenzie
,
M.
2013
. “
On Defending Beyoncé: Black Feminists, White Feminists, and the Line in the Sand
.”
Black Girl Dangerous
,
December
16
. .
McKenzie
,
M.
2014
.
Black Girl Dangerous: On Race, Queerness, Class and Gender
.
Oakland, CA
:
BGD Press, Inc
.
McNeal
,
J. U.
1992
.
Kids as Customers: A Handbook of Marketing to Children
.
Lanham, MD
:
Lexington Books
.
McRobbie
,
A.
2004
. “
Post-feminism and Popular Culture
.”
Feminist Media Studies
4
(
3
):
255
64
.
McRobbie
,
A.
2007
. “
Postfeminism and Popular Culture: Bridget Jones and the New Gender Regime
.” In
Interrogating Postfeminism: Gender and the Politics of Popular Culture
, edited by
Tasker
Y.
and
Negra
D.
,
27
39
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
McRobbie
,
A.
2009
.
The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture, and Social Change
.
London
:
Sage
.
McRobbie
,
A.
2016
.
Be Creative: Making a Living in the New Culture Industries
.
Hoboken, NJ
:
John Wiley & Sons
.
Mendible
,
M.
, ed.
2016
.
American Shame: Stigma and the Body Politic
.
Bloomington
:
Indiana University Press
.
Mills
,
N.
2017
. “
Television and the Politics of Humiliation
.”
Dissent Magazine
. .
Mission and Vision
.” n.d.
AfricAid
. .
Monllos
,
K.
2016
. “
Girls Explain How Boobs, Menstruation and More Keep Them from Coding in Satirical Campaign
.”
AdWeek
,
May
17
. .
Mukherjee
,
R.
, and
Banet-Weiser
S.
, eds.
2012
.
Commodity Activism: Cultural Resistance in Neoliberal Times
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Mulvey
,
L.
[1975] 1989
. “
Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema
.” In
Visual and Other Pleasures
,
14
26
.
Basingstoke, UK
:
Palgrave Macmillan
.
Nakamura
,
L.
2013
. “
Glitch Racism: Networks as Actors within Vernacular Internet Theory
.”
Culture Digitally
,
December
10
. .
Neff
,
G.
2012
.
Venture Labor: Work and the Burden of Risk in Innovative Industries
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
Negra
,
D.
, and
Tasker
Y.
.
2007
. “
Introduction: Feminist Politics and Postfeminist Culture
.” In
Interrogating Postfeminism: Gender and the Politics of Popular Culture
, edited by
Negra
D.
and
Tasker
Y.
,
1
26
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Negra
,
D.
, and
Tasker
Y.
, eds.
2014
.
Gendering the Recession: Media and Culture in an Age of Austerity
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Nike
.
1992
. “
If You Let Me Play
[Print advertisement]. Vogue
,
June
.
Nike
.
1995
.
“If You Let Me Play” [Television commercial]
.
Portland, Oregon
. .
Noble
,
S. U.
2017
.
Algorithms of Oppression: Data Discrimination in the Digital Age
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Noble
,
S. U.
2018
.
Algorithms of Oppression: Race, Gender, and Power in the Digital Age
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
North
,
A.
2010
. “
3 Reasons Why ‘Erotic Capital’ Is Bullshit
.”
Jezebel
,
March
26
. .
North
,
A.
2016
. “
The Teen’s Guide to the Trump Presidency
.”
New York Times
,
December
19
. .
Nussbaum
,
M. C.
2010
. “
Objectification and Internet Misogyny
.” In
The Offensive Internet: Speech, Privacy, and Reputation
,
68
73
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
O’Neill
,
R.
2015
. “
The Work of Seduction: Intimacy and Subjectivity in the London ‘Seduction Community’
”.
Sociological Research Online
20
(
4
):
1
14
.
Orenstein
,
P.
1995
.
School Girls: Young Women, Self-Esteem, and the Confidence Gap
.
New York
:
Anchor Books
.
Ouellette
,
L.
, and
Hay
J.
.
2008
.
Better Living through Reality TV: Television and Post-welfare Citizenship
.
Malden, MA
:
Blackwell
.
Our Philosophy
.”
2006
.
Men’s Activism
. .
Paquette
,
D.
2016
. “
It’s Not Clear If Jeff Sessions Thinks Grabbing a Woman by the Crotch Is Sexual Assault
.”
Washington Post
,
November
18
. .
Parkinson
,
H. J.
2016
. “
Who Will Take On Donald Trump? Teen Vogue
.”
Guardian
,
December
12
. .
Patten
,
E.
2016
. “
Racial, Gender Wage Gaps Persist in U.S. Despite Some Progress
.”
Pew Research Center
,
July
1
. .
Penny
,
L.
2014
. “
On Nerd Entitlement
.”
New Statesman
,
December
29
. .
Phillips
,
W.
2015
.
This Is Why We Can’t Have Nice Things: Mapping the Relationship between Online Trolling and Mainstream Culture
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
Portwood-Stacer
,
L.
2013
. “
Media Refusal and Conspicuous Non-consumption: The Performative and Political Dimensions of Facebook Abstention
.”
New Media & Society
15
(
7
):
1041
57
.
Projansky
,
S.
2014
.
Spectacular Girls: Media Fascination and Celebrity Culture
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Quenqua
,
D.
2014
. “
Tell Me What You See, Even If It Hurts Me
.”
New York Times
,
August
1
. .
Quinn
,
B.
2015
. “
Nobel Laureate Tim Hunt Resigns after ‘Trouble with Girls’ Comments
.”
Guardian
,
June
11
. .
Reddit Will Not Ban ‘Distasteful’ Content, Chief Executive Says
.”
2012
.
BBC
,
October
17
. .
Remnick
,
D.
2012
. “
We Are Alive
.”
New Yorker
,
July
30
. .
Rensin
,
E.
2014
. “
Confessions of a Former Internet Troll
.”
Vox
,
December
16
. .
Restauri
,
D.
2012
. “
Am I Ugly? Fat? Pretty? Tween and Teen Girls Ask YouTube Strangers for Answers
.”
Forbes
. .
Robertson
,
A.
2014
. “
‘Massacre’ Threat Forces Anita Sarkeesian to Cancel University Talk
.”
Verge
,
October
4
. .
Rochman
,
B.
2012
. “
Am I Pretty or Ugly? Why Teen Girls Are Asking YouTube for Validation
.”
Time
,
March
3
. .
Roiphe
,
K.
1993
.
The Morning After: Sex, Fear, and Feminism
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
.
Ronson
,
J.
2015
. “
Jon Ronson: How the Online Hate Mob Set Its Sights on Me
.”
Guardian
,
December
20
. .
Ronson
,
J.
2016
.
So You’ve Been Publicly Shamed
.
New York
:
Riverhead Books
.
Roscoe
,
M.
2016
. “
6 Ways Liberal Democracy Destroys the Goodness of Humanity
.”
Return of Kings, April 4
. .
Rose
,
N.
1999
.
Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought
.
Cambridge
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Rosin
,
H.
2012
.
The End of Men: And the Rise of Women
.
London
:
Penguin
.
Rottenberg
,
C.
2014
. “
The Rise of Neoliberal Feminism
.”
Cultural Studies
28
(
3
):
418
37
.
RSDTyler
. n.d. “
How to Pick Up 18+ Girls As an Old Man (with No Money!)
.”
YouTube
. .
Sandberg
,
S.
2013
.
Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead
.
New York
:
Random House
.
Savage
,
C.
2016
. “
Why Feminism Is a Terrorist Movement
.”
Return of Kings, April
4
. .
Savage
,
C.
2017
. “
Can Men Be Masculine without Being Warriors?
Return of Kings
,
July
31
. .
Savali
,
K. W.
2017
. “
Black Feminists Don’t Owe Hillary Clinton Their Support
.” In
Wolf Whistle Politics: The New Misogyny in America Today
, edited by
Wachtell
D.
.
New York
:
New Press
.
Schaefer
,
K.
2017
. “
What Comes after Scandal and Scathing Reviews? Sophia Amoruso Is Finding Out
.”
Vanity Fair
,
April
26
. .
Schrobsdorff
,
S.
2015
. “
Ellen Pao Was One More ‘Difficult’ Female Executive
.”
Time
,
July
11
. .
Scott
,
J. W.
1991
. “
The Evidence of Experience
.”
Critical Inquiry
17
(
4
):
773
97
.
Sender
,
K.
2012
.
The Makeover: Reality Television and Reflexive Audiences
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Sharpe
,
D.
2016
. “
Six Slut Tells Every Man Needs to Be Aware Of
.”
Return of Kings, April
5
. .
Shaw
,
A.
2014
.
Gaming at the Edge: Sexuality and Gender at the Margins of Gamer Culture
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Sign the Pledge
.” n.d.
Confidence Coalition
. .
Smith
,
C.
2012
. “
Teens Post ‘Am I Pretty or Ugly?’ Videos on YouTube
.”
ABC News
,
February
23
. .
Smith
,
S.
,
Pieper
K.
, and
Choueiti
M.
.
2017
. “
Inclusion in the Director’s Chair? Gender, Race, and Age of Film Directors across 1,000 Films from 2007–2016
.”
Media, Diversity, and Social Change Initiative, usc Annenberg
. .
SPLC: Southern Poverty Law Center
.
2012
. “
Misogyny: The Sites
.”
Intelligence Report
(spring). .
Springsteen
,
B.
2012
.
“Bruce Springsteen Discusses ‘Wrecking Ball’” [promotional video]
.
YouTube
,
February
17
. .
Srnicek
,
N.
2016
.
Platform Capitalism
.
Oxford
:
Polity
.
Stern
,
S.
2004
. “
Expressions of Identity Online: Prominent Features and Gender Differences in Adolescents’ World Wide Web Home Pages
.”
Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media
48
(
2
):
218
43
.
Stockman
,
F.
2017
. “
Women’s March on Washington Opens Contentious Dialogues about Race
.”
New York Times
,
January
9
. .
Straughan
,
K.
2013a
. “
Don’t Be That Anti-rape Campaign
.”
A Voice for Men
,
July
21
. .
Straughan
,
K.
2013b
. “
Don’t Be That Lying Feminist
.”
YouTube
. .
Sturken
,
M.
, and
Cartwright
L.
.
2003
.
Practices of Looking
.
Oxford
:
Oxford University Press
.
Sun-Higginson
,
S.
, prod. and dir.
2015
.
GTFO: A Film about Women in Gaming
.
United States
:
Kickstarter
.
Switzer
,
H.
2013
. “
(Post)Feminist Development Fables: The Girl Effect and the Production of Sexual Subjects
”.
Feminist Theory
14
(
3
):
345
60
.
This American Life
.
2015
. “
If You Don’t Have Anything Nice to Say, SAY IT IN ALL CAPS. Act One. Ask Not For Whom The Bell Trolls; It Trolls for Thee
.”
January
23
. .
Thomas
,
D.
2015
. “
Why Is #MasculinitySoFragile?
Los Angeles Times
,
Septem-ber
23
. .
Thompson
,
L.
2018
. “
‘I Can Be Your Tinder Nightmare’: Harassment and Misogyny in the Online Sexual Marketplace
.”
Feminism and Psychology
28
(
1
):
69
89
.
Tiku
,
N.
2014
. “
How to Get Girls into Coding
.”
New York Times
,
May
31
. .
Tilstra
,
L.
2016
. “
It’s a Great Time to Be a Woman at Verizon
.”
Verizon
,
March
14
. .
Tolman
,
D.
2012
. “
SPARKING Change: Not Just One Girl at a Time
.”
Huffington Post
,
July
5
. .
Transcript: Donald Trump’s Taped Comments about Women
.”
2016
.
New York Times
,
October
8
. .
Turner
,
F.
2006
.
From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Turner
,
F.
2009
. “
Burning Man at Google: A Cultural Infrastructure for New Media Production
.”
New Media & Society
11
(
1–2
):
73
94
.
Twomey
,
K.
[ke2mey] 2015
. “
Had *such* trouble doing good science today. What with the crying, and battling my way through hordes of suitors. So distracting. #timhunt
.”
Tweet
,
June
10
. .
Valenti
,
J.
2010
.
The Purity Myth: How America’s Obsession with Virginity Is Hurting Young Women
.
Berkeley, CA
:
Seal Press
.
Valenti
,
J.
2014
. “
If Everyone Is a Feminist, Is Anyone?
Guardian
,
November
24
. .
Valentine
,
C.
2017
. “
Activist ShiShi Rose on the Women’s March and Making Sure All Women’s Voices Are Heard
.”
Paper Magazine
,
January
20
. .
Valizadeh
,
D.
n.d. “
About
.”
Return of Kings
. .
Valizadeh
,
D.
2014
. “
No One Would Have Died If PUAHate Killer Elliot Rodger Had Learned Game
.”
Return of Kings
,
May
25
. .
Valizadeh
,
D.
2015a
. “
How to Stop Rape
.”
Roosh V
,
February
16
. .
Valizadeh
,
D.
2015b
. “
What Is Neomasculinity?
RooshV
,
May
6
. .
Valizadeh
,
D.
2016
. “
Announcement: The Meetup on February 6 Is Cancelled
.”
Roosh V
,
February
3
. .
vanden Heuvel
,
K.
2012
. “
Katrina vanden Heuvel: Unleashing the Power of Real Girls
.”
Washington Post
,
July
17
.
van Dijck
,
J.
2013
. “
Social Media and the Culture of Connectivity
.”
OUPblog
,
February
25
. .
Walkerdine
,
V.
,
Lucey
H.
, and
Melody
J.
.
2001
.
Growing Up Girl: Psychosocial Explorations of Gender and Class
.
Basingstoke, UK
:
Palgrave Macmillan
.
Wang
,
A. B.
2017
. “
‘Nevertheless, She Persisted’ Becomes New Battle Cry after McConnell Silences Elizabeth Warren
.”
Washington Post
,
February
8
. .
Weber
,
B.
2009
.
Makeover TV: Selfhood, Citizenship, and Celebrity
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Weeks
,
K.
2011
.
The Problem with Work: Feminism, Marxism, Antiwork Politics, and Postwork Imaginaries
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Welcome to Africaid
.”
n.d. Accessed February 18, 2018. Africaid.org
.
West
,
L.
2015
. “
What Happened When I Confronted My Cruelest Troll
.”
Guardian
,
February
2
. .
Whitford
,
D.
2015
. “
Brianna Wu vs. the Gamergate Troll Army
.”
Inc.
,
April
. .
Why Can’t Girls Code?
2016
.
Girls Who Code
. .
Wiegman
,
R.
1995
.
American Anatomies: Theorizing Race and Gender
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Women Want to Be Led
.”
2016
.
Reddit
,
October
16
. .
Young
,
C.
Forthcoming. “
Becked Up: Glenn Beck, the New White Supremacy and the Hijacking of the Civil Rights Legacy
.” In
Post-Race Racial Projects
, edited by
Muhkerjee
R.
,
Banet-Weiser
S.
, and
Gray
H.
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Zacharek
,
S.
,
Dockterman
E.
, and
Edwards
H. Sweetland
.
2017
. “
The Silence Breakers
.”
Time
,
December
18
. .
Zeisler
,
A.
2016
.
We Were Feminists Once: From Riot Grrrl to CoverGirl, the Buying and Selling of a Political Movement
.
New York
:
PublicAffairs
.
Zevallos
,
Z.
2011
. “
Erotic Capital and the Sociology of Beauty
.”
Other Sociologist
,
October
29
. .
Ziering
,
A.
, prod., and
Dick
K.
, dir.
2015
.
The Hunting Ground
.
The Weinstein Company
.
Zurbriggen
,
E. L.
,
Collins
R. L.
,
Lamb
S.
,
Roberts
T.
,
Tolman
D. L.
,
Ward
M.
, and
Blake
J.
.
2007
. “
Report of the Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls: Executive Summary
.”
American Psychological Association
. .

Figures & Tables

Contents

Advertisement

References

REFERENCES

Aaronson
,
S.
2014
.
Comment #171: Walter Lewin
.
Shtetl Optimized
,
December
14
. .
Abbate
,
J.
2012
.
Recoding Gender: Women’s Changing Participation in Computing
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
About
.”
n.d. Confidence Coalition. Accessed August 2016. http://confidencecoalition.org/about
.
About
.”
n.d. Return of Kings. Accessed February 18, 2018. http://www.returnofkings.com/about
.
About Us
.”
n.d. National Co ali tion for Men. Accessed February 18, 2018. http://ncfm.org/ncfm-home/
.
Adkins
,
L.
2001
. “
Cultural Feminization: ‘Money, Sex and Power’ for Women
.”
Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
26
(
3
):
669
95
.
Ahmed
,
S.
2010
.
The Promise of Happiness
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Ahmed
,
S.
2012
.
On Being Included: Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Ahmed
,
S.
2014
. “
Selfcare as Warfare
.”
Feminist Killjoys
,
August
25
. .
Ahmed
,
S.
2016
. “
Losing Confidence
.”
Feminist Killjoys
,
March
1
. .
American Association of University Women
.
1991
.
Shortchanging Girls, Shortchanging America
.
Washington, DC
:
American Association of University Women
. .
Am I Pretty or Ugly?
2010
.
YouTube video
,
2
:
47
.
Posted by “sgal901,” December 17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8D9mqqkgH-O
.
Am I Pretty or Ugly?
2012
.
YouTube video
,
4
:
31
.
Posted by “SmileLoveBeauty8,” January 15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WoyZPn6hKY4
.
Amoruso
,
S.
2015
.
#Girlboss
.
Portfolio
.
Anderson
,
C.
2016
.
White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide
.
London
:
Bloomsbury Publishing
.
Andrejevic
,
M.
2002
. “
The Work of Being Watched: Interactive Media and the Exploitation of Self-Disclosure
.”
Critical Studies in Media Communication
19
(
2
):
230
48
.
Arviddson
,
A.
2006
.
Brands: Meaning and Value in Media Culture
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
2007
.
Kids Rule! Nickelodeon and Consumer Citizenship
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
2012
.
Authentic TM: The Politics of Ambivalence in a Brand Culture
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
2014
. “
Am I Pretty or Ugly? Girls and the Market for Self-Esteem
.”
Girlhood Studies
7
(
1
):
83
101
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
2015
. “
‘Confidence You Can Carry!’: Girls in Crisis and the Market for Girls’ Empowerment Organizations
.”
Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies
.
29
(
2
):
182
93
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
, and
Castells
M.
.
2017
. “
Economy Is Culture
.” In
Another Economy Is Possible: Culture and Economy in a Time of Crisis
, by M. Castells.
Cambridge
:
Polity
.
Banet-Weiser
,
S.
, and
Miltner
K. M.
.
2015
. “
#MasculinitySoFragile: Culture, Structure, and Networked Misogyny
”.
Feminist Media Studies
16
(
1
):
171
74
.
Barker
,
M.
2004
.
Girls on Track: A Parent’s Guide to Inspiring Our Daughters to Achieve a Lifetime of Self-Esteem and Respect
.
New York
:
Ballantine Books
.
Baym
,
N. K.
2015
. “
Connect with Your Audience! The Relational Labor of Connection
.”
Communication Review
18
(
1
):
14
22
.
Beck
,
Ulrich
.
1992
.
Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity
.
London
:
Sage
.
Beinart
,
P.
2016
. “
Fear of a Female President
.”
Atlantic
,
October
. .
Bell
,
K.
,
Kampe
C.
, and
Taylor
N.
.
2015
. “
Of Headshots and Hugs: Challenging Hypermasculinity through ‘The Walking Dead’ Play
.”
Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology
(
7
). .
Berger
,
J.
1972
.
Ways of Seeing
.
London
:
BBC
.
Berlant
,
L.
2008
.
The Female Complaint: The Unfinished Business of Sentimentality in American Culture
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Berman
,
J.
2015
. “
Why That ‘Like a Girl’ Super Bowl Ad Was So Groundbreaking
.”
Huffington Post
,
February
2
. .
Beusman
,
C.
2014
. “
What Does It Mean for Feminism If Feminism Becomes Trendy?
Jezebel
,
February
24
. .
Bever
,
L.
2015
. “
Sexism and the Nobel Prize Scientist: A Backlash to the Backlash
.”
Washington Post
,
June
12
. .
Blake
,
M.
2015
. “
Mad Men: Inside the Men’s Rights Movement— and the Army of Misogynists and Trolls It Spawned
.”
Mother Jones
,
January/February
. .
boyd
,
d
.
2010
. “
Social Network Sites as Networked Publics: Affordances, Dynamics, and Implications
.” In
A Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture on Social Network Sites
, edited by
Papacharissi
Z.
,
39
58
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Bratich
,
J.
2011
. “
Affective Convergence in Reality Television: A Case Study in Divergence
.” In
Flow TV: Television in the Age of Media Convergence
, edited by
Kackman
M.
,
Binfield
M.
,
Payne
M. T.
,
Perlman
A.
, and
Sebok
B.
,
55
74
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Brock
,
A.
2012
. “
From the Blackhand Side: Twitter as a Cultural Conversation
.”
Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
56
(
4
):
529
49
.
Brough
,
M. M.
2012
. “
‘Fair Vanity’: The Visual Culture of Humanitarianism in the Age of Commodity Activism
.” In
Commodity Activism: Cultural Resistance in Neoliberal Times
, edited by
Mukherjee
R.
and
Banet-Weiser
S.
,
174
94
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Brownmiller
,
S.
[1975] 2013
.
Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape
.
New York
:
Open Road Media
.
Butler
,
J.
,
Gambetti
Z.
, and
Sabsay
L.
, eds.
2016
.
Vulnerability in Resistance
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Butler
,
J.
, and
Scott
J. W.
, eds.
1992
.
Feminists Theorize the Political
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Castells
,
M.
1996
.
The Rise of the Network Society. Vol. 1 of The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture
.
Hoboken, NJ
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Castells
,
M.
2007
. “
Communication, Power and Counter-Power in the Network Society
.”
International Journal of Communication
(
1
):
238
66
.
Castells
,
M.
2009
.
Communication Power
.
Oxford
:
Oxford University Press
.
Castells
,
M.
2012
.
Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age
.
Cambridge
:
Polity
.
Castells
,
M.
2017
.
Another Economy Is Possible: Culture and Economy in a Time of Crisis
.
Cambridge
:
Polity
.
Catalan
,
J.
2014
. “
Google Admits Lack of Diversity in Newly Released Report
.”
Diversity Inc.
,
July
29
. .
Chambers
,
L.
2016
. “
‘Don’t Be That Guy’ Campaign Tackles Sexual Assault
.”
Campus Lately
,
August
10
. .
Chatman
,
D.
2017
. “
Black Twitter and the Politics of Viewing Scandal
.” In
Fandom: Identities and Communities in a Mediated World
, 2nd ed., edited by
Gray
J.
,
Sandvoss
C.
, and
Harrington
C. L.
,
299
314
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Chemaly
,
S.
2016
. “
If You Don’t Take Women’s Harassment Seriously, You Don’t Want to Understand the Problem
.”
Huffington Post
,
January
27
. .
Chernin
,
K.
1994
.
The Obsession: Reflections on the Tyranny of Slenderness
.
New York
:
Harper Perennial
.
Chouliaraki
,
L.
2013
.
The Ironic Spectator: Solidarity in the Age of Post-humanitarianism
.
Hoboken, NJ
:
John Wiley & Sons
.
Chu
,
A.
2014a
. “
Your Princess Is in Another Castle: Misogyny, Entitlement, and Nerds
.”
Daily Beast
,
May
27
. .
Chu
,
A.
2014b
. “
I’m Not ‘That Creepy Guy from the Internet’: How Gamergate Gave the Geek Community a Bad Name
.”
Salon
,
October
30
. .
Citron
,
D. K.
2014
.
Hate Crimes in Cyberspace
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
Collins
,
S. T.
2014
. “
Anita Sarkeesian on GamerGate: ‘We Have a Problem and We’re Going to Fix This’
[interview]. Rolling Stone
,
October
17
. .
Confessore
,
N.
2016
. “
For Whites Sensing Decline, Donald Trump Unleashes Words of Resistance
.”
New York Times
,
July
13
,
2016
. .
Cooky
,
C.
, and
McDonald
M. G.
.
2005
. “
If You Let Me Play: Young Girls’ Insider-Other Narratives of Sport
.”
Sociology of Sport Journal
22
(
2
):
158
77
.
CoverGirl
.
2014
. “
#GirlsCan: Women’s Empowerment” [Television commercial]
. .
Cruikshank
,
B.
1999
.
The Will to Empower: Democratic Citizens and Other Subjects
.
Ithaca, NY
:
Cornell University Press
.
Currie
,
D.
1999
.
Girl Talk: Adolescent Magazines and Their Readers
.
Toronto
:
University of Toronto Press
.
Curtis
,
J. L.
, and
Cornell
L.
.
2007
.
I’m Gonna Like Me: Letting Off a Little Self-Esteem
.
Los Angeles
:
Joanna Cotler Books
.
Cyber Civil Rights Initiative
. n.d. “
38 States + DC Have Revenge Porn Laws
.” .
Day
,
E.
2011
. “
Honey Money: The Power of Erotic Capital by Catherine Hakim— Review
.”
Guardian
,
May
27
. .
Dean
,
J.
2005
. “
Communicative Capitalism: Circulation and the Foreclosure of Politics
.”
Cultural Politics
1
(
1
):
51
74
.
Devlin [drkatedevlin]
,
K.
.
2015
. “
Dear department: please note l will be unable to chair the 10am meeting this morning because I am too busy swooning and crying. #timhunt
.”
Tweet
,
June
10
. .
Dewey
,
C.
2014
. “
Inside the ‘Manosphere’ That Inspired Santa Barbara Shooter Elliot Rodger
.”
Washington Post
,
May
27
. .
Dickson
,
E. J.
2014
. “
The History of Revenge Porn That Led to Hunter Moore’s Arrest
.”
Daily Dot
,
January
23
. .
DiSesa
,
N.
2008
.
Seducing the Boys Club: Uncensored Tactics from a Woman at the Top
.
New York
:
Random House Digital
.
Dobson
,
A. S.
2008
. “
Femininities as Commodities: Cam Girl Culture
.” In
Next Wave Cultures: Feminism, Subcultures
, edited by
Harris
A.
,
123
48
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Dockterman
,
E.
2016
. “
Barbie’s Got a New Body
.”
Time
,
January
27
. .
Dosekun
,
S.
2015
. “
For Western Girls Only? Post-feminism as Transnational Culture
.”
Feminist Media Studies
15
(
6
):
960
75
.
Douglas
,
S. J.
1989
.
Inventing American Broadcasting, 1899–1922
.
Baltimore, MD
:
Johns Hopkins University Press
.
Duca
,
L.
2016
. “
Donald Trump Is Gaslighting America
.”
Teen Vogue
,
December
10
. .
Duffy
,
B. E.
2015
. “
The Gendered Politics of Digital Brand Labor
.”
Antenna
,
March
18
. .
Duffy
,
B. E.
2017
.
(Not) Getting Paid to Do What You Love: Gender, Social Media, and Aspirational Work
.
New Haven, CT
:
Yale University Press
.
Dunbar-Hester
,
C.
2016
. “
Geek
.” In
Digital Keywords: A Vocabulary of Information Society and Culture
, edited by
Peters
B.
,
149
57
.
Princeton, NJ
:
Princeton University Press
.
Durham
,
M. G.
2008
.
The Lolita Effect: The Media Sexualization of Young Girls and What We Can Do about It
.
New York
:
Overlook Press
.
Dwyer
,
J.
2012
. “
A Real Girl, 14, Takes a Stand against the Flawless Faces in Magazines
.”
New York Times
,
May
3
. .
Edell
,
D.
,
Brown
L. M.
, and
Tolman
D.
.
2013
. “
Embodying Sexualisation: When Theory Meets Practice in Intergenerational Feminist Activism
.”
Feminist Theory
14
(
3
):
275
84
.
Edwards
,
S. R.
,
Bradshaw
K. A.
, and
Hinsz
V. B.
.
2014
. “
Denying Rape but Endorsing Forceful Intercourse: Exploring Differences among Responders
.”
Violence and Gender
1
(
4
):
188
93
.
Egan
,
R. D.
2013
.
Becoming Sexual: A Critical Appraisal of the Sexualization of Girls
.
Cambridge
:
Polity
.
Elias
,
A.
,
Gill
R.
, and
Scharff
C.
.
2017
.
Aesthetic Labour: Beauty Politics in Neoliberalism
.
Basingstoke, UK
:
Palgrave Macmillan
.
Ensmenger
,
N. L.
2012
.
The Computer Boys Take Over: Computers, Programmers, and the Politics of Technical Expertise
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
Ensmenger
,
N. L.
2012
.
2015
. “
Beards, Sandals, and Other Signs of Rugged Individualism: Masculine Culture within the Computing Professions
.”
Osiris
30
(
1
):
38
65
.
Faludi
,
S.
1991
.
Backlash: The Undeclared War against American Women
.
New York
:
Crown Publishing Group
.
Favaro
,
L.
2017
. “
Transnational Technologies of Gender and Mediated Intimacy
.”
PhD diss.
,
City University of London
.
Featherstone
,
L.
, ed.
2016
.
False Choices: The Faux Feminism of Hillary Rodham Clinton
.
New York
:
Verso Books
.
Feldman
,
J.
2016
. “
Teen Vogue Writer Battles Tucker Carlson: ‘ You’re Actually Being a Partisan Hack’
.”
Mediaite
,
December
23
. .
Filipovic
,
J.
2014
. “
Emma Watson Named Celebrity Feminist of the Year
.”
Cosmopolitan
,
December
19
. .
Folkenflik
,
D.
2016
. “
Trump Essay Signals Shift in Approach for Teen Vogue
.”
All Things Considered
,
December
23
. .
Foucault
,
M.
[1977] 1995
.
Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison
.
New York
:
Vintage
.
Frank
,
N.
2017
. “
Visibility Is at the Heart of LGBTQ Politics. But Is It Always the Best Strategy?
Slate
,
June
26
. .
Freedman
,
J.
2016
. “
Donald Trump Is a Vile Misogynist—but He’s Not the Only One
.”
Guardian
,
October
21
. .
Fried
,
B.
2013
. “
Students Speak: The Power of stem
.”
The White House Blog
,
March
28
. .
Friedman
,
M.
2015
. “
Powerful Message of the #LikeAGirl Campaign
.”
Huffington Post
,
February
3
. .
Gambetti
,
Z.
2013
. “
The Politics of Visibility: Hot Spots
.”
Cultural Anthropology
,
October
31
. .
Garcia
,
S. E.
2017
. “
The Woman Who Created #MeToo Long Before Hashtags
.”
New York Times
,
October
20
. .
Garza
,
A.
n.d. “
A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement
.”
Black Lives Matter
. .
Gay
,
R.
2014
.
Bad Feminist
.
New York
:
Harper Perennial
.
Gay
,
R.
2017
. “
Hate That Doesn’t Hide
.”
New York Times
,
August
18
.
Gibson
,
M.
2014
. “
Is This the Most Hated Man in the World?
Time
,
November
12
. .
Gibson-Graham
,
J. K.
2006
.
A Postcapitalist Politics
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Giddens
,
A.
1991
Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age
.
Cambridge
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Gilbert
,
S.
2016
. “
Teen Vogue’s Political Coverage Isn’t Surprising
.”
Atlantic
,
December
12
. .
Gill
,
R.
2007
. “
Postfeminist Media Culture: Elements of a Sensibility
.”
European Journal of Cultural Studies
10
(
2
):
147
66
.
Gill
,
R.
2008
. “
Empowerment/Sexism: Figuring Female Sexual Agency in Contemporary Advertising
.”
Feminism & Psychology
18
(
1
):
35
60
.
Gill
,
R.
2011
. “
Sexism Reloaded, or, It’s Time to Get Angry Again!
Feminist Media Studies
11
(
1
):
61
71
.
Gill
,
R.
2016a
. “
Postfeminism and the New Cultural Life of Feminism
.”
Diffractions: Gradu ate Journal for the Study of Culture
(
6
). .
Gill
,
R.
2016b
. “
‘Post-postfeminism?’: New Feminist Visibilities in Postfeminist Times
.”
Feminist Media Studies
16
(
4
):
610
30
.
Gill
,
R.
, and
Elias
A. S.
.
2014
. “
‘Awaken Your Incredible’: Love Your Body Discourses and Postfeminist Contradictions
.”
International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics
10
(
2
):
179
88
.
Gill
,
R.
, and
Orgad
S.
.
2015
. “
The Confidence Cult(ure)
.”
Australian Feminist Studies
30
(
86
):
324
44
.
Gill
,
R.
, and
Pratt
A.
.
2008
. “
In the Social Factory? Immaterial Labour, Precariousness and Cultural Work
.”
Theory, Culture & Society
25
(
7–8
):
1
30
.
Gilman
,
M. E.
2012
. “
The Class Differential in Privacy Law
.”
Brooklyn Law Review
77
(
4
). .
Gilson
,
E.
2014
.
The Ethics of Vulnerability: A Feminist Analysis of Social Life and Practice
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Glennon
,
W.
1999
.
200 Ways to Raise a Girl’s Self-Esteem: An Indispensable Guide for Parents, Teachers, and Other Concerned Caregivers
.
New York
:
Conari
.
Goldstein
,
M.
2015
. “
Law Firm Founds Project to Fight ‘Revenge Porn’
”.
New York Times
,
January
29
. .
Gray
,
E.
2012
. “
‘Am I Ugly?’ Videos: Young Teens Ask YouTube Users Whether They’re Pretty or Not
.”
Huffington Post
,
February
21
. .
Gray
,
H.
2013
. “
Subject(ed) to Recognition
.”
American Quarterly
65
(
4
):
771
98
.
Gregg
,
M.
2013
.
Work’s Intimacy
.
Hoboken, NJ
:
John Wiley & Sons
.
Grewal
,
I.
2005
.
Transnational America: Feminisms, Diasporas, Neoliberalisms
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Griner
,
D.
2014
. “
Ad of the Day: P&G Surges at Olympic Finish Line with Covergirls’ ‘Girls Can’ Campaign
.”
AdWeek
,
February
24
. .
Grish
,
K.
2015
. “
Easy, Effective Ways to Be More Confident
.”
Men’s Health
,
March
19
. .
Gross
,
L.
2012
.
Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America
.
New York
:
Columbia University Press
.
“GTFO: Get the F*ck Out” [Reviews]
.
2015
.
IMDB
,
June
10
. .
Gunn
,
C.
2015
. “
Hashtagging for the Margins: Women of Color Engaged in Feminist Consciousness-Raising on Twitter
.” In
Women of Color and Social Media Multitasking: Blogs, Timelines, Feeds, and Community
, edited by
Tassie
K. E.
and
Givens
S. M. B.
,
21
34
.
Lanham, MD
:
Lexington Books
.
Hains
,
R. C.
2012
.
Growing Up with Girl Power: Girlhood on Screen and in Everyday Life
.
Bern, Switzerland
:
Peter Lang
.
Hakim
,
C.
2011
.
Erotic Capital: The Power of Attraction in the Boardroom and the Bedroom
.
New York
:
Basic Books
.
Hall
,
S.
1998
. “
Notes on Deconstructing ‘the Popular’
”. In
Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A Reader
, edited by
Storey
John
,
442
.
London
:
Routledge
.
Harris
,
A.
2003
.
Future Girl: Young Women in the Twenty-First Century
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Harris
,
A.
, ed.
2004
.
All about the Girl: Culture, Power, and Identity
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Hartocollis
,
A.
, and
Alcindor
Y.
.
2017
. “
Women’s March Highlights as Huge Crowds Protest Trump: ‘ We’re Not Going Away’
.”
New York Times
,
January
21
. .
Hartsock
,
N. C.
1983
. “
The Feminist Standpoint: Developing the Ground for a Specifically Feminist Historical Materialism
.” In
Discovering Reality
,
283
310
.
Amsterdam
:
Springer Netherlands
.
Hasinoff
,
A. A.
2015
.
Sexting Panic: Rethinking Criminalization, Privacy, and Consent
.
Champaign
:
University of Illinois Press
.
Hearn
,
A.
2008
. “
Meat, Mask, Burden: Probing the Contours of the Branded ‘Self’
”.
Journal of Consumer Culture
8
(
2
):
197
217
.
Hearn
,
A.
2010
. “
Structuring Feeling: Web 2.0, Online Ranking and Rating, and the Digital ‘Reputation’ Economy
.”
Ephemera
10
(3/4):
421
38
.
Hearn
,
A.
2017
. “
Verified: Self-Presentation, Identity Management, and Selfhood in the Age of Big Data
.”
Popular Communication
10
(
2
):
62
77
.
Hegde
,
R. S.
2011
.
Circuits of Visibility: Gender and Transnational Media Cultures
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Hicks
,
M.
2017
.
Programmed Inequality: How Britain Discarded Women Technologists and Lost Its Edge in Computing
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
Hochschild
,
A. R.
1983
.
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Hochschild
,
A. R.
2012
.
The Outsourced Self: Intimate Life in Market Times
.
New York
:
Metropolitan Books
.
Hong
,
G. K.
2006
.
The Ruptures of American Capital: Women of Color, Feminism, and the Culture of Immigrant Labor
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
HoSang
,
D.
, and
Lowndes
J.
. Forthcoming. “
Theorizing Race in the Age of Inequality
.” In
Post-Race Racial Projects
, edited by
Mukherjee
R.
,
Banet-Weiser
S.
, and
Gray
H.
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Hu
,
E.
2012
. “
‘Seventeen’ Magazine Takes No-Photoshop Pledge after 8th-Grader’s Campaign
”.
Two Way
,
July
5
. .
Huhman
,
H.
2012
. “
STEM Fields and the Gender Gap: Where Are the Women?
Forbes Magazine
,
June
20
. .
Illouz
,
E.
2008
.
Saving the Modern Soul: Therapy, Emotions, and the Culture of Self-Help
.
Berkeley
:
University of California Press
.
Inspire Her Mind
.”
2014
.
[Television commercial]. Verizon/Makers
. .
Jaschik
,
S.
2005
. “
What Larry Summers Said
.”
Inside Higher Ed
,
February
18
. .
Jeffords
,
S.
1983
.
Hard Bodies: Hollywood Masculinity in the Reagan Era
.
New Brunswick, NJ
:
Rutgers University Press
.
Johnson
,
D.
2016
.
Unpublished paper in author’s possession
.
Jones
,
O.
2017
. “
Google’s Sexist Memo Has Provided the Alt-Right with a New Martyr
.”
Guardian
,
August
8
. .
Kanai
,
A.
2016
. “
Managing the Self-Social Tension: Digital Feminine Self-Production in an Intimate Public
.”
PhD diss.
,
Monash University
,
Melbourne, Australia
.
Kantor
,
J.
, and
Twohey
M.
.
2017
. “
Harvey Weinstein Paid Off Sexual Harassment Accusers for Decades
.”
New York Times
,
October
5
. .
Kashner
,
S.
2014
. “
Both Huntress and Prey
.”
Vanity Fair
,
November
. .
Kay
,
K.
, and
Shipman
C.
.
2014a
.
The Confidence Code: The Science and Art of Self-Assurance— What Women Should Know
.
New York
:
HarperBusiness
.
Kay
,
K.
, and
Shipman
C.
.
2014b
. “
The Confidence Gap
.”
Atlantic
,
May
,
1–18
.
Kearney
,
M. C.
2006
.
Girls Make Media
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Kendall
,
L.
1999
. “
‘The Nerd Within’: Mass Media and the Negotiation of Identity among Computer-Using Men
.”
Journal of Men’s Studies
7
(
3
):
353
69
.
Kendall
,
L.
2011
. “
‘White and Nerdy’: Computers, Race, and the Nerd Stereotype
.”
Journal of Popular Culture
44
(
3
):
505
24
.
Kim
,
E.
2016
. “
The Politics of Visibility
.”
Disrupting the Digital Humanities
,
January
6
. .
King
,
S.
2006
.
Pink Ribbons, Inc: Breast Cancer and the Politics of Philanthropy
.
Minneapolis
:
University Minnesota Press
.
Koffman
,
O.
, and
Gill
R.
.
2013
. “
‘The Revolution Will Be Led by a 12-Year-Old Girl’: Girl Power and Global Biopolitics
.”
feminist review
105
(
1
):
83
102
.
Kolko
,
B.
,
Nakamura
L.
, and
Rodman
G.
, eds.
2013
.
Race in Cyberspace
.
New York
:
Routledge
.
Lears
,
T. J. J.
1983
. “
From Salvation to Self-Realization: Advertising and the Therapeutic Roots of the Consumer Culture, 1880–1930
.” In
The Culture of Consumption: Critical Essays in American History, 1880–1980
, edited by
Fox
R. W.
and
Lears
T. J. J.
,
1
38
.
New York
:
Pantheon Books
.
Leonard
,
S.
2009
.
Fatal Attraction
.
Hoboken, NJ
:
Wiley-Blackwell
.
Lewinsky
,
M.
2015
. “
The Price of Shame
[video]. TED
,
March
2015
. .
Lewinsky
,
M.
2017
. “
Monica Lewinsky: Roger Ailes’s Dream Was My Nightmare
.”
New York Times
,
May
22
. .
Lewis
,
M.
2017
. “
The Red-Pill Right Swaps Chivalry for Misogyny
.”
Daily Beast
,
April
26
. .
Lopez
,
A.
2015
. “
Ellen Pao’s Resignation from Reddit
.”
Counterpunch
,
July
15
. .
Lyons
,
M. N.
2016
. “
Alt-Right: More Misogynistic Than Many Neonazis
.”
threewayfight
,
December
3
. .
Marcotte
,
A.
2014
. “
‘The Fappening’ and Revenge Porn Culture: Jennifer Lawrence and the Creepshot Epidemic
.”
Daily Beast
,
September
3
. .
Marwick
,
A. E.
2013
.
Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity, and Branding in the Social Media Age
.
New Haven, CT
:
Yale University Press
.
Marwick
,
A. E.
2017
. “
Scandal or Sex Crime? Gendered Privacy and the Celebrity Nude Photo Leaks
.”
Ethics, Information, Technology
19
(
3
):
177
91
.
Marwick
,
A.
, and
Lewis
R.
.
2015
. “
Media Manipulation and Disinformation On-line
.”
Report. Data & Society
. .
Massanari
,
A.
[2015] 2017
. “
#Gamergate and the Fappening: How Reddit’s Algorithm, Governance, and Culture Support Toxic Technocultures
.”
New Media & Society
19
(
3
):
329
46
.
First published online October 9, 2015
.
Matsui
,
A.
2016
. “
Senator Jeff Sessions’ Problematic Record on Women’s Rights
.”
National Women’s Law Center
,
December
20
. .
Mazzarella
,
S. R.
, ed.
2005
.
Girl Wide Web: Girls, the Internet, and the Negotiation of Identity
.
Bern, Switzerland
:
Peter Lang
.
McGee
,
M.
2005
.
Self Help, Inc.: Makeover Culture in American Life
.
Oxford
:
Oxford University Press
.
McKay
,
B.
, and
McKay
K.
.
2008
. “
Increase Your Manly Confidence Overnight
.”
The Art of Manliness
,
January
10
. .
McKenzie
,
M.
2013
. “
On Defending Beyoncé: Black Feminists, White Feminists, and the Line in the Sand
.”
Black Girl Dangerous
,
December
16
. .
McKenzie
,
M.
2014
.
Black Girl Dangerous: On Race, Queerness, Class and Gender
.
Oakland, CA
:
BGD Press, Inc
.
McNeal
,
J. U.
1992
.
Kids as Customers: A Handbook of Marketing to Children
.
Lanham, MD
:
Lexington Books
.
McRobbie
,
A.
2004
. “
Post-feminism and Popular Culture
.”
Feminist Media Studies
4
(
3
):
255
64
.
McRobbie
,
A.
2007
. “
Postfeminism and Popular Culture: Bridget Jones and the New Gender Regime
.” In
Interrogating Postfeminism: Gender and the Politics of Popular Culture
, edited by
Tasker
Y.
and
Negra
D.
,
27
39
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
McRobbie
,
A.
2009
.
The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture, and Social Change
.
London
:
Sage
.
McRobbie
,
A.
2016
.
Be Creative: Making a Living in the New Culture Industries
.
Hoboken, NJ
:
John Wiley & Sons
.
Mendible
,
M.
, ed.
2016
.
American Shame: Stigma and the Body Politic
.
Bloomington
:
Indiana University Press
.
Mills
,
N.
2017
. “
Television and the Politics of Humiliation
.”
Dissent Magazine
. .
Mission and Vision
.” n.d.
AfricAid
. .
Monllos
,
K.
2016
. “
Girls Explain How Boobs, Menstruation and More Keep Them from Coding in Satirical Campaign
.”
AdWeek
,
May
17
. .
Mukherjee
,
R.
, and
Banet-Weiser
S.
, eds.
2012
.
Commodity Activism: Cultural Resistance in Neoliberal Times
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Mulvey
,
L.
[1975] 1989
. “
Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema
.” In
Visual and Other Pleasures
,
14
26
.
Basingstoke, UK
:
Palgrave Macmillan
.
Nakamura
,
L.
2013
. “
Glitch Racism: Networks as Actors within Vernacular Internet Theory
.”
Culture Digitally
,
December
10
. .
Neff
,
G.
2012
.
Venture Labor: Work and the Burden of Risk in Innovative Industries
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
Negra
,
D.
, and
Tasker
Y.
.
2007
. “
Introduction: Feminist Politics and Postfeminist Culture
.” In
Interrogating Postfeminism: Gender and the Politics of Popular Culture
, edited by
Negra
D.
and
Tasker
Y.
,
1
26
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Negra
,
D.
, and
Tasker
Y.
, eds.
2014
.
Gendering the Recession: Media and Culture in an Age of Austerity
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Nike
.
1992
. “
If You Let Me Play
[Print advertisement]. Vogue
,
June
.
Nike
.
1995
.
“If You Let Me Play” [Television commercial]
.
Portland, Oregon
. .
Noble
,
S. U.
2017
.
Algorithms of Oppression: Data Discrimination in the Digital Age
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Noble
,
S. U.
2018
.
Algorithms of Oppression: Race, Gender, and Power in the Digital Age
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
North
,
A.
2010
. “
3 Reasons Why ‘Erotic Capital’ Is Bullshit
.”
Jezebel
,
March
26
. .
North
,
A.
2016
. “
The Teen’s Guide to the Trump Presidency
.”
New York Times
,
December
19
. .
Nussbaum
,
M. C.
2010
. “
Objectification and Internet Misogyny
.” In
The Offensive Internet: Speech, Privacy, and Reputation
,
68
73
.
Cambridge, MA
:
Harvard University Press
.
O’Neill
,
R.
2015
. “
The Work of Seduction: Intimacy and Subjectivity in the London ‘Seduction Community’
”.
Sociological Research Online
20
(
4
):
1
14
.
Orenstein
,
P.
1995
.
School Girls: Young Women, Self-Esteem, and the Confidence Gap
.
New York
:
Anchor Books
.
Ouellette
,
L.
, and
Hay
J.
.
2008
.
Better Living through Reality TV: Television and Post-welfare Citizenship
.
Malden, MA
:
Blackwell
.
Our Philosophy
.”
2006
.
Men’s Activism
. .
Paquette
,
D.
2016
. “
It’s Not Clear If Jeff Sessions Thinks Grabbing a Woman by the Crotch Is Sexual Assault
.”
Washington Post
,
November
18
. .
Parkinson
,
H. J.
2016
. “
Who Will Take On Donald Trump? Teen Vogue
.”
Guardian
,
December
12
. .
Patten
,
E.
2016
. “
Racial, Gender Wage Gaps Persist in U.S. Despite Some Progress
.”
Pew Research Center
,
July
1
. .
Penny
,
L.
2014
. “
On Nerd Entitlement
.”
New Statesman
,
December
29
. .
Phillips
,
W.
2015
.
This Is Why We Can’t Have Nice Things: Mapping the Relationship between Online Trolling and Mainstream Culture
.
Cambridge, MA
:
MIT Press
.
Portwood-Stacer
,
L.
2013
. “
Media Refusal and Conspicuous Non-consumption: The Performative and Political Dimensions of Facebook Abstention
.”
New Media & Society
15
(
7
):
1041
57
.
Projansky
,
S.
2014
.
Spectacular Girls: Media Fascination and Celebrity Culture
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Quenqua
,
D.
2014
. “
Tell Me What You See, Even If It Hurts Me
.”
New York Times
,
August
1
. .
Quinn
,
B.
2015
. “
Nobel Laureate Tim Hunt Resigns after ‘Trouble with Girls’ Comments
.”
Guardian
,
June
11
. .
Reddit Will Not Ban ‘Distasteful’ Content, Chief Executive Says
.”
2012
.
BBC
,
October
17
. .
Remnick
,
D.
2012
. “
We Are Alive
.”
New Yorker
,
July
30
. .
Rensin
,
E.
2014
. “
Confessions of a Former Internet Troll
.”
Vox
,
December
16
. .
Restauri
,
D.
2012
. “
Am I Ugly? Fat? Pretty? Tween and Teen Girls Ask YouTube Strangers for Answers
.”
Forbes
. .
Robertson
,
A.
2014
. “
‘Massacre’ Threat Forces Anita Sarkeesian to Cancel University Talk
.”
Verge
,
October
4
. .
Rochman
,
B.
2012
. “
Am I Pretty or Ugly? Why Teen Girls Are Asking YouTube for Validation
.”
Time
,
March
3
. .
Roiphe
,
K.
1993
.
The Morning After: Sex, Fear, and Feminism
.
Boston
:
Little, Brown
.
Ronson
,
J.
2015
. “
Jon Ronson: How the Online Hate Mob Set Its Sights on Me
.”
Guardian
,
December
20
. .
Ronson
,
J.
2016
.
So You’ve Been Publicly Shamed
.
New York
:
Riverhead Books
.
Roscoe
,
M.
2016
. “
6 Ways Liberal Democracy Destroys the Goodness of Humanity
.”
Return of Kings, April 4
. .
Rose
,
N.
1999
.
Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought
.
Cambridge
:
Cambridge University Press
.
Rosin
,
H.
2012
.
The End of Men: And the Rise of Women
.
London
:
Penguin
.
Rottenberg
,
C.
2014
. “
The Rise of Neoliberal Feminism
.”
Cultural Studies
28
(
3
):
418
37
.
RSDTyler
. n.d. “
How to Pick Up 18+ Girls As an Old Man (with No Money!)
.”
YouTube
. .
Sandberg
,
S.
2013
.
Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead
.
New York
:
Random House
.
Savage
,
C.
2016
. “
Why Feminism Is a Terrorist Movement
.”
Return of Kings, April
4
. .
Savage
,
C.
2017
. “
Can Men Be Masculine without Being Warriors?
Return of Kings
,
July
31
. .
Savali
,
K. W.
2017
. “
Black Feminists Don’t Owe Hillary Clinton Their Support
.” In
Wolf Whistle Politics: The New Misogyny in America Today
, edited by
Wachtell
D.
.
New York
:
New Press
.
Schaefer
,
K.
2017
. “
What Comes after Scandal and Scathing Reviews? Sophia Amoruso Is Finding Out
.”
Vanity Fair
,
April
26
. .
Schrobsdorff
,
S.
2015
. “
Ellen Pao Was One More ‘Difficult’ Female Executive
.”
Time
,
July
11
. .
Scott
,
J. W.
1991
. “
The Evidence of Experience
.”
Critical Inquiry
17
(
4
):
773
97
.
Sender
,
K.
2012
.
The Makeover: Reality Television and Reflexive Audiences
.
New York
:
New York University Press
.
Sharpe
,
D.
2016
. “
Six Slut Tells Every Man Needs to Be Aware Of
.”
Return of Kings, April
5
. .
Shaw
,
A.
2014
.
Gaming at the Edge: Sexuality and Gender at the Margins of Gamer Culture
.
Minneapolis
:
University of Minnesota Press
.
Sign the Pledge
.” n.d.
Confidence Coalition
. .
Smith
,
C.
2012
. “
Teens Post ‘Am I Pretty or Ugly?’ Videos on YouTube
.”
ABC News
,
February
23
. .
Smith
,
S.
,
Pieper
K.
, and
Choueiti
M.
.
2017
. “
Inclusion in the Director’s Chair? Gender, Race, and Age of Film Directors across 1,000 Films from 2007–2016
.”
Media, Diversity, and Social Change Initiative, usc Annenberg
. .
SPLC: Southern Poverty Law Center
.
2012
. “
Misogyny: The Sites
.”
Intelligence Report
(spring). .
Springsteen
,
B.
2012
.
“Bruce Springsteen Discusses ‘Wrecking Ball’” [promotional video]
.
YouTube
,
February
17
. .
Srnicek
,
N.
2016
.
Platform Capitalism
.
Oxford
:
Polity
.
Stern
,
S.
2004
. “
Expressions of Identity Online: Prominent Features and Gender Differences in Adolescents’ World Wide Web Home Pages
.”
Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media
48
(
2
):
218
43
.
Stockman
,
F.
2017
. “
Women’s March on Washington Opens Contentious Dialogues about Race
.”
New York Times
,
January
9
. .
Straughan
,
K.
2013a
. “
Don’t Be That Anti-rape Campaign
.”
A Voice for Men
,
July
21
. .
Straughan
,
K.
2013b
. “
Don’t Be That Lying Feminist
.”
YouTube
. .
Sturken
,
M.
, and
Cartwright
L.
.
2003
.
Practices of Looking
.
Oxford
:
Oxford University Press
.
Sun-Higginson
,
S.
, prod. and dir.
2015
.
GTFO: A Film about Women in Gaming
.
United States
:
Kickstarter
.
Switzer
,
H.
2013
. “
(Post)Feminist Development Fables: The Girl Effect and the Production of Sexual Subjects
”.
Feminist Theory
14
(
3
):
345
60
.
This American Life
.
2015
. “
If You Don’t Have Anything Nice to Say, SAY IT IN ALL CAPS. Act One. Ask Not For Whom The Bell Trolls; It Trolls for Thee
.”
January
23
. .
Thomas
,
D.
2015
. “
Why Is #MasculinitySoFragile?
Los Angeles Times
,
Septem-ber
23
. .
Thompson
,
L.
2018
. “
‘I Can Be Your Tinder Nightmare’: Harassment and Misogyny in the Online Sexual Marketplace
.”
Feminism and Psychology
28
(
1
):
69
89
.
Tiku
,
N.
2014
. “
How to Get Girls into Coding
.”
New York Times
,
May
31
. .
Tilstra
,
L.
2016
. “
It’s a Great Time to Be a Woman at Verizon
.”
Verizon
,
March
14
. .
Tolman
,
D.
2012
. “
SPARKING Change: Not Just One Girl at a Time
.”
Huffington Post
,
July
5
. .
Transcript: Donald Trump’s Taped Comments about Women
.”
2016
.
New York Times
,
October
8
. .
Turner
,
F.
2006
.
From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism
.
Chicago
:
University of Chicago Press
.
Turner
,
F.
2009
. “
Burning Man at Google: A Cultural Infrastructure for New Media Production
.”
New Media & Society
11
(
1–2
):
73
94
.
Twomey
,
K.
[ke2mey] 2015
. “
Had *such* trouble doing good science today. What with the crying, and battling my way through hordes of suitors. So distracting. #timhunt
.”
Tweet
,
June
10
. .
Valenti
,
J.
2010
.
The Purity Myth: How America’s Obsession with Virginity Is Hurting Young Women
.
Berkeley, CA
:
Seal Press
.
Valenti
,
J.
2014
. “
If Everyone Is a Feminist, Is Anyone?
Guardian
,
November
24
. .
Valentine
,
C.
2017
. “
Activist ShiShi Rose on the Women’s March and Making Sure All Women’s Voices Are Heard
.”
Paper Magazine
,
January
20
. .
Valizadeh
,
D.
n.d. “
About
.”
Return of Kings
. .
Valizadeh
,
D.
2014
. “
No One Would Have Died If PUAHate Killer Elliot Rodger Had Learned Game
.”
Return of Kings
,
May
25
. .
Valizadeh
,
D.
2015a
. “
How to Stop Rape
.”
Roosh V
,
February
16
. .
Valizadeh
,
D.
2015b
. “
What Is Neomasculinity?
RooshV
,
May
6
. .
Valizadeh
,
D.
2016
. “
Announcement: The Meetup on February 6 Is Cancelled
.”
Roosh V
,
February
3
. .
vanden Heuvel
,
K.
2012
. “
Katrina vanden Heuvel: Unleashing the Power of Real Girls
.”
Washington Post
,
July
17
.
van Dijck
,
J.
2013
. “
Social Media and the Culture of Connectivity
.”
OUPblog
,
February
25
. .
Walkerdine
,
V.
,
Lucey
H.
, and
Melody
J.
.
2001
.
Growing Up Girl: Psychosocial Explorations of Gender and Class
.
Basingstoke, UK
:
Palgrave Macmillan
.
Wang
,
A. B.
2017
. “
‘Nevertheless, She Persisted’ Becomes New Battle Cry after McConnell Silences Elizabeth Warren
.”
Washington Post
,
February
8
. .
Weber
,
B.
2009
.
Makeover TV: Selfhood, Citizenship, and Celebrity
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Weeks
,
K.
2011
.
The Problem with Work: Feminism, Marxism, Antiwork Politics, and Postwork Imaginaries
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Welcome to Africaid
.”
n.d. Accessed February 18, 2018. Africaid.org
.
West
,
L.
2015
. “
What Happened When I Confronted My Cruelest Troll
.”
Guardian
,
February
2
. .
Whitford
,
D.
2015
. “
Brianna Wu vs. the Gamergate Troll Army
.”
Inc.
,
April
. .
Why Can’t Girls Code?
2016
.
Girls Who Code
. .
Wiegman
,
R.
1995
.
American Anatomies: Theorizing Race and Gender
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Women Want to Be Led
.”
2016
.
Reddit
,
October
16
. .
Young
,
C.
Forthcoming. “
Becked Up: Glenn Beck, the New White Supremacy and the Hijacking of the Civil Rights Legacy
.” In
Post-Race Racial Projects
, edited by
Muhkerjee
R.
,
Banet-Weiser
S.
, and
Gray
H.
.
Durham, NC
:
Duke University Press
.
Zacharek
,
S.
,
Dockterman
E.
, and
Edwards
H. Sweetland
.
2017
. “
The Silence Breakers
.”
Time
,
December
18
. .
Zeisler
,
A.
2016
.
We Were Feminists Once: From Riot Grrrl to CoverGirl, the Buying and Selling of a Political Movement
.
New York
:
PublicAffairs
.
Zevallos
,
Z.
2011
. “
Erotic Capital and the Sociology of Beauty
.”
Other Sociologist
,
October
29
. .
Ziering
,
A.
, prod., and
Dick
K.
, dir.
2015
.
The Hunting Ground
.
The Weinstein Company
.
Zurbriggen
,
E. L.
,
Collins
R. L.
,
Lamb
S.
,
Roberts
T.
,
Tolman
D. L.
,
Ward
M.
, and
Blake
J.
.
2007
. “
Report of the Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls: Executive Summary
.”
American Psychological Association
. .
Close Modal

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal