Ernesto “Che” Guevara’s guerrilla campaign in Bolivia in 1966 and 1967 achieved global notoriety, and the guerrillas themselves were an international force. Of the 52 participants, 29 were Bolivian, 16 Cuban, 3 Argentine, 3 Peruvian, and 1 French. The movement also pursued grand international objectives: to extend the revolutionary cause around the continent from the strategic center of Bolivia, at the heart of South America.

Guido Alvaro “Inti” Peredo Leigue (1937–69) was the highest-ranking Bolivian and the second in command overall in the guerrilla army. His text “My Campaign with Che” was published after his death, based on drafts that...