The Jesuit missions produced musical works of extraordinary beauty, composed by European and to a lesser degree anonymous indigenous musicians and performed by local choirs. This musical culture persisted at the local level for centuries and enjoyed a renaissance starting in the 1990s. The villancico (Christmas carol) presented here—which has its roots in early modern Iberian popular song—shows the vitality, evolution, and reach of mission musical forms. It was performed in one of the communities in the Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous Territory (TIPNIS) that were established in the early twentieth century by Moxeño indigenous groups fleeing from encroachment...