This chapter examines the attempts by the Left Opposition around Leon Trotsky in 1927 to put forward a wholescale critique of the Stalinist bureaucracy and its political program, which was strengthening class forces like the small capitalist farmer, small capitalist traders, and the party bureaucracy instead of the working class in this “workers’ state.” Stalin suppressed the Platform from publication for a period, then expelled the Left Opposition and forced Trotsky himself. Yet Stalin did this while taking on board much of the program and suggestions advocated by the Left Opposition, including industrialization and state planning, further throwing his opponents into confusion.