This chapter focuses on the difficulties of measuring leakage in water infrastructures. With leakage reduction essential to transforming water infrastructures from intermittent to 24/7 water systems, World Bank consultants in Mumbai worked hard to apprehend and arrest water leakage in the city. Nevertheless, their attempts to derive leakage figures were challenged by the material and political situation of water infrastructure in Mumbai. As measure is constantly rendered precarious in Mumbai’s water network, the chapter turns to focus on the practices of engineers to regulate leakage in the city. These practices reveal a far more tenuous, improvised, and compromised form of expertise through which engineers constantly struggle to control the pipes of the city.
Figures & Tables
Contents
Hydraulic City: Water and the Infrastructures of Citizenship in Mumbai
By
Duke University Press
Copyright:
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.
ISBN electronic:
978-0-8223-7359-9
Publication date:
2017
Chapter Contents
Advertisement
References
References
Abrams
, Philip
. 1988
. “Notes on the Difficulty of Studying the State
.” Journal of Historical Sociology
1
(1
): 58
–89
.Abu-Lughod
, Janet
. 1991
. Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250–1350
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Agarwal
, Anil
, and Narain
Sunita
, eds. 1997
. Dying Wisdom: Rise, Fall and Potential of India’s Traditional Water Harvesting Systems
. New Delhi
: Centre for Science and Environment.
Alatout
, Samer
. 2008
. “‘States’ of Scarcity: Water, Space, and Identity Politics in Israel, 1948–59
.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space
26
(6
): 959
–82
.Althusser
, Louis
. 1970
. “Part II: The Object of Capital
.” In Reading Capital, by Louis Althusser and Etienne Balibar
. New York
: New Left Books
. Althusser
, Louis
. 1971
. “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes towards an Investigation)
.” In Lenin and Philosophy, and Other Essays
, 127
–86
. New York
: Monthly Review Press
.Anand
, Nikhil
. 2006
. “Disconnecting Experience: Making World Class Roads in Mumbai
.” Economic and Political Weekly
41
(31
): 3422
–29
.Anand
, Nikhil
. 2011
. “Pressure: The Polytechnics of Water Supply in Mumbai
.” Cultural Anthropology
26
(4
): 542
–63
.Anand
, Nikhil
. 2015
. “Leaky States: Water Audits, Ignorance, and the Politics of Infrastructure
.” Public Culture
27
(2 76
): 305
–30
.Anand
, Nikhil
, and Rademacher
Anne
. 2011
. “Housing in the Urban Age: Inequality and Aspiration in Mumbai
.” Antipode
43
(5
): 1748
–72
.Anjaria
, Jonathan Shapiro
. 2006
. “Urban Calamities: A View from Mumbai
.” Space and Culture
9
(1
): 80
–82
.Anjaria
, Jonathan Shapiro
. 2011
. “Ordinary States: Everyday Corruption and the Politics of Space in Mumbai
.” American Ethnologist
38
:58
–72
.Anjaria
, Jonathan Shapiro
. 2016
. The Slow Boil: Street Food, Rights, and Public Space in Mumbai
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.Appadurai
, Arjun
. 1996
. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Appadurai
, Arjun
. 2000
. “Spectral Housing and Urban Cleansing: Notes on a Millennial Mumbai
.” Public Culture
12
(3
): 627
–51
.Appadurai
, Arjun
. 2002
. “Deep Democracy: Urban Governmentality and the Horizon of Politics
.” Public Culture
14
(1
): 21
–47
.Appadurai
, Arjun
. 2006
. “The Right to Research
.” Globalisation, Societies and Education
4
(2
): 167
–77
.Appadurai
, Arjun
. 2015
. “Mediants, Materiality, Normativity
.” Public Culture
27
(2 76
): 221
–37
.Appel
, Hannah
. 2012a
. “Offshore Work: Oil, Modularity, and the How of Capitalism in Equatorial Guinea
.” American Ethnologist
39
(4
): 692
–709
.Appel
, Hannah
. 2012b
. “Walls and White Elephants: Oil Extraction, Responsibility, and Infrastructural Violence in Equatorial Guinea
.” Ethnography
13
(4
): 439
–65
.Aretxaga
, Begoña
. 2003
. “Maddening States
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
32
:393
–410
.Ashar
, Sandeep
, and Vyas
Sharad
. 2007
. “Demand Will Water Down Supply
.” Daily News and Analysis
, March
6
.Auyero
, Javier
. 2000
. Poor People’s Politics: Peronist Survival Networks and the Legacy of Evita
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Awachat
, Anil
. 1975
. “Violence of the Chawls
.” Economic and Political Weekly
10
:469
–70
.Bailey
, F. G.
1963
. Politics and Social Change: Orissa in 1959
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Bakker
, Karen
. 2000
. “Privatizing Water, Producing Scarcity: The Yorkshire Drought of 1995
.” Economic Geography
76
(1
): 4
–27
.Bakker
, Karen
. 2003
. An Uncooperative Commodity: Privatizing Water in England and Wales
. Oxford Geographical and Environmental Studies
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Bakker
, Karen
. 2007
. “The ‘Commons’ versus the ‘Commodity’: Alter-globalization, Anti-privatization and the Human Right to Water in the Global South
.” Antipode
39
(3
): 430
–55
.Bakker
, Karen
. 2010
. Privatizing Water: Governance Failure and the World’s Water Crisis
. Ithaca, NY
: Cornell University Press
.Balibar
, Étienne
. 1988
. “Propositions on Citizenship
.” Ethics
98
(4
): 723
–30
.Ballestero
, Andrea
. 2015
. “The Ethics of a Formula: Calculating a Financial–Humanitarian Price for Water
.” American Ethnologist
42
(2
): 262
–78
.Banerjee
, Mukulika
. 2008
. “Democracy, Sacred and the Everyday
.” In Democracy: Anthropological Approaches
, edited by Paley
J.
, 63
–95
. Santa Fe, NM
: School for Advanced Research Press
.Banerjee-Guha
, Swapna
. 2009
. “Neoliberalising the ‘Urban’: New Geographies of Power and Injustice in Indian Cities
.” Economic and Political Weekly
44
(22
): 95
–107
.Bapat
, Meera
, and Agarwal
Indu
. 2003
. “Our Needs, Our Priorities: Women and Men from the Slums in Mumbai and Pune Talk about Their Needs for Water and Sanitation
.” Environment and Urbanization
15
(2
): 71
–86
.Barad
, Karen
. 1996
. “Meeting the University Halfway: Realism and Social Constructivism without Contradiction
.” Feminism, Science and the Philosophy of Science
, edited by Nelson
Lynn
and Nelson
Jack
, 161
–94
. Boston
: Kluwer Academic Publishers
.Barad
, Karen
. 2003
. “Posthumanist Performativity: How Matter Comes to Matter
.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
28
(3
).Barak
, On
. 2009
. “Scraping the Surface: The Techno-Politics of Modern Streets in Turn-of-Twentieth-Century Alexandria
.” Mediterranean Historical Review
24
(2
): 187
–205
.Barak
, On
. 2013
. On Time: Technology and Temporality in Modern Egypt
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Bardhan
, Ronita
, Sarkar
Sayantani
, Jana
Arnab
, and Velaga
Nagendra R.
. 2015
. “Mumbai Slums since Independence: Evaluating the Policy Outcomes
.” Habitat International
50
(December
): 1
–11
.Barlow
, Maude
, and Clarke
Tony
. 2001
. Blue Gold: The Global Water Crisis and the Commodification of the World’s Water Supply
. Ottawa
: Octopus Books.
Barnes
, Jessica
. 2014
. Cultivating the Nile: The Everyday Politics of Water in Egypt
. New Ecologies for the Twenty-First Century
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Barry
, Andrew
. 2011
. “Materialist Politics: Metallurgy
.” In Political Matter: Technoscience, Democracy, and Public Life
, edited by Braun
Bruce
and Whatmore
Sarah
, 89
–118
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Barry
, Andrew
. 2013
. Material Politics: Disputes along the Pipeline
. Chichester, UK
: Wiley-Blackwell
.Baviskar
, Amita
. 1995
. In the Belly of the River: Tribal Conflicts over Development in the Narmada Valley
. New Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.Baviskar
, Amita
. 2003a
. “Between Violence and Desire: Space, Power, and Identity in the Making of Metropolitan Delhi
.” International Social Science Journal
55
(175
): 89
–98
.Baviskar
, Amita
. 2003b
. “For a Cultural Politics of Natural Resources
.” Economic and Political Weekly
38
(48
): 5051
–55
.Baviskar
, Amita
, ed. 2007
. Waterscapes: The Cultural Politics of a Natural Resource
. Ranikhet, India
: Permanent Black.
Baviskar
, Amita
. 2011
. “Cows, Cars and Rickshaws: Bourgeois Environmentalists and the Battle for Delhi’s Streets
.” In Elite and Everyman: The Cultural Politics of the Indian Middle Classes
, edited by Baviskar
A.
and Ray
R.
, 391
–418
. Delhi
: Routledge
.Baviskar
, Amita
, and Sundar
Nandini
. 2008
. “Democracy versus Economic Transformation?
” Economic and Political Weekly
43
(46
): 87
–89
.Bayat
, Asef
. 1997
. “Un-Civil Society: The Politics of the Informal People
.” Third World Quarterly
18
(1
): 53
–72
.Bayat
, Asef
. 2010
. Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.Bayly
, Chris
. 1996
. Empire and Information: Political Intelligence and Social Communication in North India, 1780–1870
. Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society 1
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Bear
, Laura
. 2015
. Navigating Austerity: Currents of Debt along a South Asian River
. Anthropology of Policy
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.Bedi
, Tarini
. 2007
. “The Dashing Ladies of the Shiv Sena
.” Economic and Political Weekly
42
(17
): 1534
–41
.Bedi
, Tarini
. 2016
. The Dashing Ladies of the Shiv Sena: Political Matronage in India
. Albany
: State University of New York Press
.Behrent
, Michael C.
2013
. “Foucault and Technology
.” History and Technology
29
(1
): 54
–104
. Belson
, Ken
. 2008
. “Plumber’s Job on a Giant’s Scale: Fixing New York’s Drinking Straw
.” New York Times
, November
23
.Benjamin
, Solomon
. 2005
. “Touts, Pirates and Ghosts
.” In Bare Acts
, edited by Narula
Monica
et al, 242
–54
. Sarai Reader 5
. Delhi
: Sarai Programme, CSDS.
Benjamin
, Solomon
. 2008
. “Occupancy Urbanism: Radicalizing Politics and Economy beyond Policy and Programs
.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
32
(3
): 719
–29
.Bennett
, Jane
. 2005
. “The Agency of Assemblages and the North American Blackout
.” Public Culture
17
(3
): 445
–66
.Bennett
, Jane
. 2010
. Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Bergson
, Henri
. 1921
. Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness
. Library of Philosophy
. New York
: Macmillan
.Biehl
, João
, and Locke
Peter
. 2010
. “Deleuze and the Anthropology of Becoming
.” Current Anthropology
51
(3
): 317
–51
.Birkenholtz
, Trevor
. 2009
. “Irrigated Landscapes, Produced Scarcity, and Adaptive Social Institutions in Rajasthan, India
.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers
99
(1
): 118
–37
.Bjorkman
, Lisa
. 2014
. “Becoming a Slum: From Municipal Colony to Illegal Settlement in Liberalization-Era Mumbai
.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
38
(1
): 36
–59
.Bjorkman
, Lisa
. 2015
. Pipe Politics, Contested Waters: Embedded Infrastructures of Millennial Mumbai
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Boas
, Franz
. 1974
. The Shaping of American Anthropology, 1883–1911: A Franz Boas Reader
. Edited by Stocking
George W.
Jr.New York
: Basic Books
.Boissevain
, Jeremy
. 1974
. Friends of Friends: Networks, Manipulators and Coalitions
. Oxford
: Blackwell
.Bourdieu
, Pierre
. 1977
. Outline of a Theory of Practice
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Bowker
, Geoffrey C.
1994
. Science on the Run: Information Management and Industrial Geophysics at Schlumberger, 1920–1940
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Boyer
, Dominic
. 2014
. “Energopower: An Introduction
.” Anthropological Quarterly
87
(2
): 309
–33
.Boyer
, Dominic
. 2015
. “Anthropology Electric
.” Cultural Anthropology
30
(4
): 531
–53
.Boyer
, Dominic
. 2017
. “Revolutionary Infrastructure
.” In Infrastructures and Social Complexity: A Companion
, edited by Harvey
Penelope
, Jensen
Casper Bruun
, and Morita
Atsuro
, 174
–86
. New York
: Routledge
.Braun
, Bruce
. 2005
. “Environmental Issues: Writing a More-Than-Human Urban Geography
.” Progress in Human Geography
29
(5
): 635
–50
.Braun
, Bruce
. 2014
. “A New Urban Dispositif? Governing Life in an Age of Climate Change
.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space
32
(1
): 49
–64
.Braun
, Bruce
, and Wakefield
Stephanie
. 2014
. “Inhabiting the Post-Apocalyptic City
.” Society and Space
32
(1
). Commentary for the special issue “A New Apparatus: Technology, Government and the Resilient City.”
Braun
, Bruce
, and Whatmore
Sarah
. 2011
. “The Stuff of Politics: An Introduction
.” In Political Matter: Technoscience, Democracy, and Public Life
, edited by Braun
Bruce
and Whatmore
Sarah
, ix
–xl
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Brenner
, Neil
. 2013
. “Theses on Urbanization
.” Public Culture
25
(1 69
): 85
–114
.Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation, H. E. Department, and Chief Engineer (Sewerage Operations)
. 2001
. Water Charges Rules (Effective from 01.02.2001)
. Mumbai
.Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation, H. E. Department, and Chief Engineer (Sewerage Operations)
. 2006
. Water By-Laws
. Hydraulic Engineer’s Department
. Mumbai
. Bröckling
, Ulrich
, Krasmann
Susanne
, and Lemke
Thomas
. 2011
. Governmentality: Current Issues and Future Challenges
. New York
: Routledge
.Bryson
, Valerie
. 2007
. Gender and the Politics of Time: Feminist Theory and Contemporary Debates
. Bristol
: Policy.
Burchell
, Graham
. 1996
. “Liberal Government and the Techniques of the Self
.” In Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-liberalism and Rationalities of Government
, edited by Barry
Andrew
, Osborne
Thomas
, and Rose
Nikolas
, 19
–36
. London
: UCL Press
.Burra
, Sundar
. 2005
. “Towards a Pro-Poor Framework for Slum Upgrading in Mumbai, India
.” Environment and Urbanization
17
(1
): 67
–88
.Bush
, Ray
. 2009
. “‘Soon There Will Be No-One Left to Take the Corpses to the Morgue’: Accumulation and Abjection in Ghana’s Mining Communities
.” Resources Policy
34
(1–2
): 57
–63
.Caldeira
, Ken
, Bala
Govindasamy
, and Cao
Long
. 2013
. “The Science of Geoengineering
.” Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
41
: 231
–56
.Caldeira
, Teresa Pires do Rio
. 2000
. City of Walls: Crime, Segregation, and Citizenship in São Paulo
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Callon
, Michel
. 1989
. “Society in the Making: The Study of Technology as a Tool for Sociological Analysis
.” In The Social Construction of Technical Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology
, edited by Bijker
Wiebe E.
, Hughes
Thomas P.
, and Pinch
Trevor J.
, 83
–106
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Campbell
, Jeremy M.
2012
. “Between the Material and the Figural Road: The Incompleteness of Colonial Geographies in Amazonia
.” Mobilities
7
(4
): 481
–500
.Carroll
, Patrick
. 2012
. “Water and Technoscientific State Formation in California
.” Social Studies of Science
42
(4
): 489
–516
.Carse
, Ashley
. 2012
. “Nature as Infrastructure: Making and Managing the Panama Canal Watershed
.” Social Studies of Science
42
(4
): 539
–63
.Carse
, Ashley
. 2014
. Beyond the Big Ditch: Politics, Ecology, and Infrastructure at the Panama Canal
. Infrastructures series
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Castalia Strategic Advisors
. 2007
. “K-East Water Distribution Improvement Project
.” Customer Service and Technical Report
. Wellington, India
.Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation
. 1999
. Manual on Water Supply and Treatment
. 3rd ed. Ministry of Urban Development
. New Delhi
.Chakrabarty
, Dipesh
. 2000
. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Chakrabarty
, Dipesh
. 2007
. “‘In the Name of Politics’: Sovereignty, Democracy, and the Multitude in India
.” Public Culture
19
(1
): 35
–57
.Chakrabarty
, Dipesh
. 2009
. “The Climate of History: Four Theses
.” Critical Inquiry
35
(2
):197
–222
.Chalfin
, Brenda
. 2014
. “Public Things, Excremental Politics, and the Infrastructure of Bare Life in Ghana’s City of Tema
.” American Ethnologist
41
(1
): 92
–109
.Chalfin
, Brenda
. 2016
. “‘Wastelandia’: Infrastructure and the Commonwealth of Waste in Urban Ghana
.” Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology
. Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10180/00141844.2015.1119174
.Chandavarkar
, Rajnarayan
. 2007
. “Customs of Governance: Colonialism and Democracy in Twentieth Century India
.” Modern Asian Studies
41
(3
): 441
–70
.Chatterjee
, Partha
. 2004
. The Politics of the Governed: Reflections on Popular Politics in Most of the World
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Chatterjee
, Partha
. 2005
. “Sovereign Violence and the Domain of the Political
.” In Sovereign Bodies: Citizens, Migrants, and States in the Postcolonial World
, edited by Hansen
Thomas Blom
and Stepputat
Finn
, 82
–100
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Chatterjee
, Partha
. 2008
. “Democracy and Economic Transformation in India
.” Economic and Political Weekly
43
(16
): 53
–63
.Chatterji
, Roma
, and Mehta
Deepak
. 2007
. Living with Violence: An Anthropology of Events and Everyday Life
. New York
: Routledge
.Cheng
, Deborah
. 2015
. “Contestations at the Last Mile: The Corporate– Community Delivery of Water in Manila
.” Geoforum
59
:240
–47
.Chu
, Julie Y.
2014
. “When Infrastructures Attack: The Workings of Disrepair in China
.” American Ethnologist
41
(2
): 351
–67
.Clarke
, Kamari M.
2013
. “Notes on Cultural Citizenship in the Black Atlantic World
.” Cultural Anthropology
28
(3
): 464
–74
.Cody
, Francis
. 2009
. “Inscribing Subjects to Citizenship: Petitions, Literacy Activism, and the Performativity of Signature in Rural Tamil India
.” Cultural Anthropology
24
(3
): 347
–80
.Coelho
, Karen
. 2006
. “Tapping In: Leaky Sovereignties and Engineered Dis(Order) in an Urban Water System
.” In Turbulence
, edited by Narula
Monica
et al, 497
–509
. Sarai Reader 6
. Delhi
: Sarai Programme, CSDS
.Coleman
, Leo
. 2008
. “Delhi in the Electrical Age: Technologies of Rule and the Rites of Power in India’s Capital, 1903–2006
.” PhD diss
., Princeton University
.Coleman
, Leo
. 2014
. “Infrastructure and Interpretation: Meters, Dams, and State Imagination in Scotland and India
.” American Ethnologist
41
(3
): 457
–72
.Collier
, Stephen J.
2011
. Post-Soviet Social: Neoliberalism, Social Modernity, Biopolitics
. Princeton NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Comaroff
, Jean
, and Comaroff
John L.
. 2011
. Theory from the South, or How Euro-America Is Evolving toward Africa
. Boulder, CO
: Paradigm Publishers.
Corbridge
, Stuart
, et al. 2005
. Seeing the State: Governance and Governmentality in India
. New York
: Cambridge University Press
.Coutard
, Olivier
. 1999
. The Governance of Large Technical Systems
. New York
: Routledge
.Cronon
, William
. 1991
. Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West
. New York
: W. W. Norton
.Das
, P. K.
2003
. “Slums: The Continuing Struggle for Housing
.” In Bombay and Mumbai: The City in Transition
, edited by Patel
Sujata
and Masselos
Jim
, 207
–34
. New Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.Das
, Veena
. 2011
. “State, Citizenship, and the Urban Poor
.” Citizenship Studies
15
(3–4
): 319
–33
. .Davis
, Jennifer
. 2003
. “Corruption in Public Service Delivery: Experience from South Asia’s Water and Sanitation Sector
.” World Development
32
(1
): 53
–71
.Davis
, Mike
. 1990
. City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles
. Haymarket Series
. London
: Verso
.Davison
, Janet
. 2011
. “City Water Leaks Wasting Millions of Tax Dollars
.” Canadian Broadcasting Corporation News
, November
23
. Accessed June 30, 2016. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/city-water-leaks-wasting-millions-of-tax-dollars-1.1048035
.Dawson
, Ashley
, and Edwards
Brent Hayes
. 2004
. “Global Cities of the South
.” Social Text
22
(4
): 1
–7
.De Boeck
, Filip
. 2015
. “‘Divining’ the City: Rhythm, Amalgamation and Knotting as Forms of ‘Urbanity.’
” Social Dynamics: A Journal of African Studies
41
(1
): 47
–58
.Degani
, Michael
. 2013
. “Emergency Power: Time, Ethics, and Electricity in Postsocialist Tanzania
.” In Cultures of Energy: Power, Practices, Technologies
, edited by Strauss
Sarah
, Rupp
Stephanie
, and Love
Thomas
, 177
–92
. Walnut Creek, CA
: Left Coast Press
.Derrida
, Jacques
. 2005
. Politics of Friendship
. Translated by Collins
George
. New York
: Verso
.Desai
, Renu
. 2003
. “Producing Urban Informality in Mumbai: Policy, Politics, and Practice in Jari Mari and Shantiniketan
.” Master’s thesis
, University of California at Berkeley
.Desai
, Renu
, and Sanyal
Romola
. 2012
. Urbanizing Citizenship: Contested Spaces in Indian Cities
. Delhi
: Sage
.Devji
, Faisal
. 2005
. “A Practice of Prejudice: Gandhi’s Politics of Friendship
.” In Muslims, Dalits, and the Fabrication of History
, edited by Mayaram
Shail
, Pandian
M. S. S.
, and Skaria
Ajay
, 78
–98
. Delhi
: Permanent Black
.Doshi
, Sapana
. 2004
. “The Rise of an Imperial Urban Water Complex: ‘Sanitary’ Bombay 1850–1890
.” Master’s thesis
, University of California at Berkeley
.Doshi
, Sapana
. 2012
. “The Politics of the Evicted: Redevelopment, Subjectivity, and Difference in Mumbai’s Slum Frontier
.” Antipode
45
(4
): 844
–65
.Dossal
, Mariam
. 1991
. Imperial Designs and Indian Realities: The Planning of Bombay City, 1845–1875
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Dossal
, Mariam
. 2010
. Theatre of Conflict, City of Hope: Mumbai, 1660 to Present Times
. New Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.D’Souza
, Rohan
. 2006
. “Water in British India: The Making of a ‘Colonial Hydrology.’
” History Compass
4
(4
): 621
–28
.D’Souza
, Rohan
, Mukhopadhyay
Pranab
, and Kothari
Ashish
. 1998
. “Re-evaluating Multi-purpose River Valley Projects: A Case Study of Hirakud, Ukai and IGNP
.” Economic and Political Weekly
33
(6
): 297
–302
.Dwivedi
, Sharada
, and Mehrotra
Rahul
. 1995
. Bombay: The Cities Within
. Bombay
: India Book House.
Echanove
, Matias
, and Srivastava
Rahul
. 2009
. “Taking the Slum Out of ‘Slumdog.’
” New York Times
, February
21
.Elyachar
, Julia
. 2010
. “Phatic Labor, Infrastructure, and the Question of Empowerment in Cairo
.” American Ethnologist
37
(3
): 452
–64
.Englund
, Harri
. 2006
. Prisoners of Freedom: Human Rights and the African Poor
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Escobar
, Arturo
. 1995
. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World
. Princeton Studies in Culture/Power/History
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Fabian
, Johannes
. 1983
. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Farooqui
, Amar
. 2006
. Opium City: The Making of Early Victorian Bombay
. Gurgaon, India
: Three Essays Collective.
Fassin
, Didier
. 2011
. “Coming Back to Life: An Anthropological Reassessment of Biopolitics and Governmentality
.” In Governmentality: Current Issues and Future Challenges
, edited by Bröckling
Ulrich
, Krasmann
Susanne
, and Lemke
Thomas
, 185
–200
. New York
: Routledge
.Fennell
, Catherine
. 2015
. Last Project Standing: Civics and Sympathy in Post-Welfare Chicago
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Ferguson
, James
. 1994
. The Anti-Politics Machine: “Development,” Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Ferguson
, James
. 1999
. Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Ferguson
, James
. 2015
. Give a Man a Fish: Reflections on the New Politics of Distribution
. Lewis Henry Morgan Lectures
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Ferguson
, James
, and Gupta
Akhil
. 2002
. “Spatializing States: Toward an Ethnography of Neoliberal Governmentality
.” American Ethnologist
29
(4
): 981
–1002
.Finkelstein
, Maura
. 2015
. “Landscapes of Invisibility: Anachronistic Subjects and Allochronous Spaces in Mill Land Mumbai
.” City and Society
27
(3
): 250
–71
.Fisch
, Michael
. 2013
. “Tokyo’s Commuter Train Suicides and the Society of Emergence
.” Cultural Anthropology
28
(2
): 320
–43
.Forsyth
, Tim
. 2003
. Critical Political Ecology: The Politics of Environmental Science
. New York
: Routledge
.Foucault
, Michel
. 1984
. “Space Knowledge and Power
.” In The Foucault Reader
, edited by Rabinow
Paul
, 239
–56
. New York
: Pantheon Books
.Foucault
, Michel
. 1988
. “Social Security
.” In Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings, 1977–1984
, edited by Kritzman
Lawrence D.
. New York
: Routledge
.Foucault
, Michel
. 1991
. “Governmentality
.” In The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality
, edited by Burchell
Graham
, Gordon
Colin
, and Miller
Peter
, 87
–104
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Foucault
, Michel
. 1995
. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison
. New York
: Vintage Books
.Foucault
, Michel
. 2008
. The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978–79
. Edited by Senellart
Michel
. New York
: Palgrave Macmillan
.Fuller
, Chris. J.
, and Harriss
John
. 2001
. “For an Anthropology of the Modern Indian State
.” In The Everyday State and Society in Modern India
, edited by Fuller
Chris J.
and Bénéï
Véronique
, 1
–30
. London
: Hurst and Co.
Furber
, Holden
. 1965
. Bombay Presidency in the Mid-eighteenth Century
. New York
: Asia Publishing House.
Furlong
, Kathryn
. 2011
. “Small Technologies, Big Change: Rethinking Infrastructure through STS and Geography
.” Progress in Human Geography
35
(4
): 460
–82
.Furlong
, Kathryn
. 2014
. “STS beyond the ‘Modern Infrastructure Ideal’: Extending Theory by Engaging with Infrastructure Challenges in the South
.” Technology in Society
38
:139
–47
.Gandy
, Matthew
. 2002
. Concrete and Clay: Reworking Nature in New York City
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Gandy
, Matthew
. 2004
. “Rethinking Urban Metabolism: Water, Space and the Modern City
.” City
8
(3
): 363
–79
.Gandy
, Matthew
. 2005
. “Cyborg Urbanization: Complexity and Monstrosity in the Contemporary City
.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
29
(1
): 26
–49
.Gandy
, Matthew
. 2008
. “Landscapes of Disaster: Water, Modernity, and Urban Fragmentation in Mumbai
.” Environment and Planning A
40
(1
): 108
–30
.Gandy
, Matthew
. 2014
. The Fabric of Space: Water, Modernity, and the Urban Imagination
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Ganesh
, N.
2010
. “Water Woes: Why Mumbai Will Not Go Dry
.” Rediff.com
, January
13
. Gaonkar
, Dilip Parameshwar
, and Povinelli
Elizabeth A.
. 2003
. “Technologies of Public Forms: Circulation, Transfiguration, Recognition
.” Public Culture
15
(3
): 385
–97
.Geertz
, Clifford
. 1972
. “The Wet and the Dry: Traditional Irrigation in Bali and Morocco
.” Human Ecology
1
(1
): 23
–37
.Ghannam
, Farha
. 2002
. Remaking the Modern: Space, Relocation, and the Politics of Identity in a Global Cairo
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Ghertner
, D. Asher
. 2012
. “Nuisance Talk and the Propriety of Property: Middle Class Discourses of a Slum-Free Delhi
.” Antipode
44
(4
): 1161
–87
.Ghertner
, D.
2015
. Rule by Aesthetics: World-Class City Making in Delhi
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Gibson-Graham
, J. K.
1996
. The End of Capitalism (As We Knew It): A Feminist Critique of Political Economy
. Cambridge, MA
: Blackwell
.Gidwani
, Vinay
. 2008
. Capital, Interrupted: Agrarian Development and the Politics of Work in India
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Giglioli
, Ilaria
, and Swyngedouw
Erik
. 2008
. “Let’s Drink to the Great Thirst! Water and the Politics of Fractured Techno-natures in Sicily
.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
32
(2
): 392
–414
.Gilmartin
, David
, 1994
. “Scientific Empire and Imperial Science: Colonialism and Irrigation Technology in the Indus Basin
.” Journal of Asian Studies
53
(4
): 1127
–49
.Goldberg
, David
, and Hristova
Stefka
. 2008
. “Blue Velvet: Re-dressing New Orleans in Katrina’s Wake
.” Vectors: Journal of Culture and Technology in a Dynamic Vernacular
. Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.vectorsjournal.org/projects/index.php?project=82
.Goldman
, Michael
. 2011
. “Speculative Urbanism and the Making of the Next World City
.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
35
(3
): 555
–81
.Golway
, Terry
. 2014
. Machine Made: Tammany Hall and the Creation of Modern American Politics
. New York
: Liveright
.Government of Maharashtra
. 2006
. Fact Finding Committee on Mumbai Floods: Final Report
. Mumbai
: Government of Maharashtra
.Government of Maharashtra
. 2015
. “Sanjay Gandhi National Park Borivali, Mumbai
.” Maharashtra Forest Department
. Accessed January 6, 2016. http://www.mahaforest.nic.in/place_detail.php?lang_eng_mar=Mar&placeid=7
.Graham
, Stephen
. 2010
. Disrupted Cities: When Infrastructure Fails
. New York
: Routledge
.Graham
, Stephen
, and Marvin
Simon
. 2001
. Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition
. New York
: Routledge
.Graham
, Stephen
, and McFarlane
Colin
. 2015
. Infrastructural Lives: Urban Infrastructure in Context
. New York
: Routledge
.Graham
, Stephen
, and Thrift
Nigel
. 2007
. “Out of Order: Understanding Repair and Maintenance
.” Theory, Culture and Society
24
(3
): 1
–25
.Green house
, Carol
. 1996
. A Moment’s Notice: Time Politics across Cultures
. Ithaca, NY
: Cornell University Press
.Gregory
, Steven
. 1998
. Black Corona: Race and the Politics of Place in an Urban Community
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Gudilu
, Durga
. 2008
. Yaadé
. In Ek Dozen Paani
, edited by Anand
Nikhil
, Anand
Shaina
, and Sukumaran
Ashok
. India
: Aagaz, Akansha Sewa Sangh, CAMP, and Nikhil Anand
. Digital video. http://www.youtube.com/ekdozenpaani
.Gudilu
, Govindi
. 2008
. 4:30 p.m.
In Ek Dozen Paani
, edited by Anand
Nikhil
, Anand
Shaina
, and Sukumaran
Ashok
. India
: Aagaz, Akansha Sewa Sangh, CAMP, and Nikhil Anand
. Digital video. http://www.youtube.com/ekdozenpaani
.Gupta
, Akhil
. 1995
. “Blurred Boundaries: The Discourse of Corruption, the Culture of Politics, and the Imagined State
.” American Ethnologist
22
(2
): 375
–402
.Gupta
, Akhil
. 2012
. Red Tape: Bureaucracy, Structural Violence, and Poverty in India
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Gupta
, Akhil
. 2015
. “Suspension
.” Theorizing the Contemporary, Cultural Anthropology website
, September
24
, 2015
. Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.culanth.org/fieldsights/722-suspension
.Gupta
, Akhil
, and Ferguson
James
. 1992
. “Beyond ‘Culture’: Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference
.” Cultural Anthropology
7
(1
): 6
–23
.Gupta
, Akhil
, and Ferguson
James
. 1997
. “Discipline and Practice: ‘The Field’ as Site, Method and Location in Anthropology
.” In Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science
, edited by Gupta
Akhil
and Ferguson
James
, 1
–46
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Gupta
, Akhil
, and Sharma
Aradhana
. 2006
. “Globalization and Postcolonial States
.” Current Anthropology
47
(2
): 277
–307
.Hacking
, Ian
. 1990
. The Taming of Chance
. Ideas in Context
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Hamlin
, Christopher
. 1998
. Public Health and Social Justice in the Age of Chadwick: Britain, 1800–1854
. Cambridge History of Medicine
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Hansen
, Thomas Blom
. 1999
. The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Hansen
, Thomas Blom
. 2001
. Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Hansen
, Thomas Blom
. 2005
. “Sovereigns beyond the State: On Legality and Authority in Urban India
.” In Sovereign Bodies: Citizens, Migrants, and States in the Postcolonial World
, edited by Hansen
Thomas Blom
and Stepputat
Finn
, 169
–91
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Hansen
, Thomas Blom
, and Verkaaik
Oskar
. 2009
. “Introduction—Urban Charisma: On Everyday Mythologies in the City
.” Critique of Anthropology
29
(1
): 5
–26
.Haraway
, Donna
. 1991
. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature
. New York
: Routledge
.Haraway
, Donna
. 2014
. “Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Chtulucene: Staying with the Trouble
.” Lecture delivered at UC Santa Cruz
, May
9
. Accessed January 31, 2016. https://vimeo.com/97663518
.Hardiman
, David
. 1996
. “Small Dam Systems of the Sahyadris
.” In Nature, Culture, Imperialism: Essays on the Environmental History of South Asia
, edited by Arnold
David
and Guha
Ramachandra
, 185
–209
. Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.Hardiman
, David
. 2002
. “The Politics of Water in Colonial India
.” Journal of South Asian Studies
25
(2
): 111
–20
.Hardiman
, David
. 2007
. “The Politics of Water Scarcity in Gujarat
.” In Waterscapes: The Cultural Politics of a Natural Resource
, edited by Baviskar
Amita
, 40
–64
. New Delhi
: Permanent Black
.Harman
, Graham
. 2009
. Prince of Networks: Bruno Latour and Metaphysics
: Prahran, Vic.
: Re.press
.Harris
, Andrew
. 2013
. “Concrete Geographies: Assembling Global Mumbai through Transport Infrastructure
.” City
17
(3
): 343
–60
.Hart
, Gillian
. 2002
. Disabling Globalization: Places of Power in Post-Apartheid South Africa
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Harvey
, David
. 2008
. “The Right to the City
.” New Left Review
53
(September–October
): 23
–40
.Harvey
, Penelope
, and Knox
Hannah
. 2015
. Roads: An Anthropology of Infrastructure and Expertise
. Expertise: Cultures and Technologies of Knowledge
. Ithaca, NY
: Cornell University Press
.Hazareesingh
, Sandip
. 2000
. “The Quest for Urban Citizenship: Civic Rights, Public Opinion, and Colonial Resistance in Early Twentieth-Century Bombay
.” Modern Asian Studies
34
(4
): 797
–829
.Hazareesingh
, Sandip
. 2001
. “Colonial Modernism and the Flawed Paradigms of Urban Renewal: Uneven Development in Bombay, 1900–25
.” Urban History
28
(2
): 235
–55
.Herzfeld
, Michael
. 1992
. The Social Production of Indifference: Exploring the Symbolic Roots of Western Bureaucracy
. New York
: Berg
.Hetherington
, Kregg
. 2011
. Guerrilla Auditors: The Politics of Transparency in Neoliberal Paraguay
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Hetherington
, Kregg
. 2013
. “Beans before the Law: Knowledge Practices, Responsibility, and the Paraguayan Soy Boom
.” Cultural Anthropology
28
(1
): 65
–85
.Hetherington
, Kregg
. 2014
. “Waiting for the Surveyor: Development Promises and the Temporality of Infrastructure
.” Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology
19
(2
): 195
–211
.Heynen
, Nik
, Kaika
Maria
, and Swyngedouw
Erik
. 2006
. In the Nature of Cities: Urban Political Ecology and the Politics of Urban Metabolism
. New York
: Routledge
. Hillier
, Joseph
. 2011
. “The Rise of Constant Water in Nineteenth-Century London
.” London Journal
36
(1
): 37
–53
.Holston
, James
. 1989
. The Modernist City: An Anthropological Critique of Brasília
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Holston
, James
. 2008
. Insurgent Citizenship: Disjunctions of Democracy and Modernity in Brazil
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Holston
, James
, and Appadurai
Arjun
. 1996
. “Cities and Citizenship
.” Public Culture
8
(2
): 187
–204
.Hughes
, Thomas Parke
. 1983
. Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880–1930
. Baltimore
: Johns Hopkins University Press
.Hull
, Matthew S.
2003
. “The File: Agency, Authority, and Autography in an Islamabad Bureaucracy
.” Language and Communication
23
:287
–314
.Hull
, Matthew S.
2012
. Government of Paper: The Materiality of Bureaucracy in Urban Pakistan
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Humphrey
, Caroline
. 2005
. “Ideology in Infrastructure: Architecture and Soviet Imagination
.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
11
(1
): 39
–58
.Illich
, Ivan
. 1985
. H2O and the Waters of Forgetfulness: Reflections on the Historicity of “Stuff.”
Dallas
: Dallas Institute of Humanities and Culture
.Jackson
, Steven
. 2014
. “Rethinking Repair
.” In Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society
, edited by Gillespie
Tarleton
, Boczkowski
Pablo
, and Foot
Kirsten
, 221
–40
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Jain
, Srinivas
. 2014
. “The Myth of Mumbai’s Water Crisis
.” NDTV
, July
19
. Accessed May 13, 2015. http://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/myth-of-mumbais-water-crisis-590792
.Jensen
, Casper Bruun
. 2016
. “Pipe Dreams: Sewage Infrastructure and Activity Trails in Phnom Penh
.” Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology
2016
:1
–21
. .John
, Mary
, and Deshpande
Satish
. 2008
. “Theorising the Present: Problems and Possibilities
.” Economic and Political Weekly
43
(46
): 83
–86
.Joyce
, Patrick
. 2003
. The Rule of Freedom: Liberalism and the Modern City
. London
: Verso
.Kaika
, Maria
. 2005
. City of Flows: Modernity, Nature, and the City
. New York
: Routledge
.Kalia
, Ravi
. 1999
. Chandigarh: The Making of an Indian City
. New Delhi
: Oxford University Press
.Kalia
, Ravi
. 2004
. Gandhinagar: Building National Identity in Postcolonial India
. Columbia
: University of South Carolina Press
.Kandviker
, Ajit P.
1978
. “Economics and Politics of Grass
.” Economic and Political Weekly
13
(47
): 1927
–29
.Katzenstein
, Mary F.
, Mehta
Uday Singh
, and Thakkar
Usha
. 1997
. “The Rebirth of Shiv Sena: The Symbiosis of Discursive and Organizational Power
.” Journal of Asian Studies
56
(2
): 371
–90
.Kaviraj
, Sudipta
. 2003
. “A State of Contradictions: The Post-colonial State in India
.” In States and Citizens: History, Theory, Prospects
, edited by Skinner
Quentin
and Stråth
Bo
, 145
–63
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Khan
, Naveeda
. 2006
. “Flaws in the Flow: Roads and Their Modernity in Pakistan
.” Social Text
24
(489
): 87
–113
.Kidambi
, Prashant
. 2007
. The Making of an Indian Metropolis: Colonial Governance and Public Culture in Bombay, 1890–1920
. Burlington, VT
: Ashgate
.Kingdom
, Bill
, Liemberger
Roland
, and Marin
Philippe
. 2006
. The Challenge of Reducing Non-Revenue Water (NRW) in Developing Countries—How the Private Sector Can Help: A Look at Performance-Based Service Contracting
. Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Board Discussion Paper 8
. Washington, DC
: World Bank
.Kjellén
, Marianne
. 2006
. “From Public Pipes to Private Hands: Water Access and Distribution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
.” PhD diss
., Stockholm University
.Klein
, Ira
. 1986
. “Urban Development and Death: Bombay City, 1870–1914
.” Modern Asian Studies
20
(4
): 725
–54
.Kobayashi
, Kazuo
. 2013
. “Indian Cotton Textiles in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic Economy
.” Africa at LSE (blog)
, June
27
. .Kooy
, Michelle
, and Bakker
Karen
. 2008
. “Technologies of Government: Constituting Subjectivities, Spaces, and Infrastructures in Colonial and Contemporary Jakarta
.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
32
(2
): 375
–91
.Kothari
, Ashish
, and Bhartari
Rajiv
. 1984
. “Narmada Valley Project: Development or Destruction
.” Economic and Political Weekly
19
(22/23
): 907
–20
.Kothari
, Miloon
, and Contractor
Nasreen
. 1996
. Planned Segregation: Riots, Evictions and Dispossession in Jogeshwari East, Mumbai/Bombay, India
. Mumbai
: Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action
.Kristeva
, Julia
. 1982
. Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection
. European Perspectives
. New York
: Columbia University Press
.Kundu
, Debolina
. 2014
. “Urban Development Programmes in India: A Critique of JnNURM
.” Social Change
44
(4
): 615
–32
.Kundu
, Debolina
, and Samanta
Dibyendu
. 2011
. “Redefining the Inclusive Urban Agenda in India
.” Economic and Political Weekly
46
(5
): 55
–63
.Laidlaw
, James
. 2010
. “Agency and Responsibility: Perhaps You Can Have Too Much of a Good Thing
.” In Ordinary Ethics: Anthropology, Language, and Action
, edited by Lambek
Michael
, 143
–64
. New York
: Fordham University Press
.Lamarchand
, René
. 1977
. “Political Clientelism and Ethnicity in Tropical Africa: Competing Solidarities in Nation-Building
.” In Friends, Followers, and Factions: A Reader in Political Clientelism
, edited by Schmidt
Steffen W.
, Scott
James C.
, Landé
Carl
, and Guasti
Laura
, 100
–122
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Lambert
, Allan
, and Hirner
W.
. 2000
. Losses from Water Supply Systems: Standard Terminology and Recommended Performance Measures
. London
: International Water Association.
Lansing
, J. Stephen
. 1991
. Priests and Programmers: Technologies of Power in the Engineered Landscape of Bali
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Larkin
, Brian
. 2008
. Signal and Noise: Media, Infrastructure, and Urban Culture in Nigeria
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Larkin
, Brian
. 2013
. “The Politics and Poetics of Infrastructure
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
42
(1
): 327
–43
.Larkin
, Brian
. 2015
. “Form
.” Theorizing the Contemporary, Cultural Anthropology website
, September
24
. Accessed July 25, 2016. https://culanth.org/fieldsights/718-form
.Latour
, Bruno
. 1987
. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Latour
, Bruno
. 1996
. Aramis, or The Love of Technology
. Cambridge, MA
: Harvard University Press
.Latour
, Bruno
. 2005
. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory
. Clarendon Lectures in Management Studies
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Latour
, Bruno
, and Weibel
Peter
, eds. 2005
. Making Things Public: Atmospheres of Democracy
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Law
, John
. 1987
. “Technology and Heterogeneous Engineering: The Case of Portuguese Expansion
.” In The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology
, edited by Bijker
Wiebe E.
, Hughes
Thomas P.
, and Pinch
Trevor J.
, 111
–34
. Cambridge, MA
: MIT Press
.Lazar
, Sian
. 2013
. The Anthropology of Citizenship: A Reader
. Hoboken, NJ
: Wiley-Blackwell
.Lea
, Tess
. 2015
. “What Has Water Got to Do with It? Indigenous Public Housing and Australian Settler-Colonial Relations
.” Settler Colonial Studies
5
(4
): 375
–86
.Lea
, Tess
, and Pholeros
Paul
. 2010
. “This Is Not a Pipe: The Treacheries of Indigenous Housing
.” Public Culture
22
(1
): 187
–209
.Le Guin
, Ursula K.
1996
. “The Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction
.” In The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology
, edited by Glotfelty
Cheryll
and Fromm
Harold
, 149
–54
. Athens
: University of George Press
.Lemke
, Thomas
. 2014
. “New Materialisms: Foucault and the ‘Government of Things.’
” Theory, Culture and Society
32
(4
): 3
–25
.Lewis
, Clara
. 2009
. “Civic Body Learns It Has More Wells Than It Knew Of
.” Times of India
, July
8
.Li
, Tania Murray
. 1999
. “Compromising Power: Development, Culture, and Rule in Indonesia
.” Cultural Anthropology
14
(3
): 295
–322
.Li
, Tania Murray
. 2007
. The Will to Improve: Governmentality, Development, and the Practice of Politics
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Limbert
, Mandana E.
2010
. In the Time of Oil: Piety, Memory, and Social Life in an Omani Town
. Stanford, CA
: Stanford University Press
.Linton
, Jamie
. 2010
. What Is Water?: The History of a Modern Abstraction
. Vancouver
: UBC Press.
Linton
, Jamie
, and Budds
Jessica
. 2014
“The Hydrosocial Cycle: Defining and Mobilizing a Relational-Dialectical Approach to Water
.” Geoforum
57
: 170
–80
.Loftus
, Alex
. 2006
. “Reification and the Dictatorship of the Water Meter
.” Antipode
38
(5
): 1023
–45
.Loftus
, Alex
. 2012
. Everyday Environmentalism: Creating an Urban Political Ecology
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Luke
, Timothy
. 2010
. “Power Loss or Blackout: The Electricity Network Collapse of August 2003 in North America
.” In Disrupted Cities: When Infrastructure Fails
, edited by Graham
Stephen
, 55
–68
. New York
: Routledge
.Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority Act
. 2005
. Law, Environment and Development Journal
1
(1
): 80
. Accessed January 31, 2016. http://www.lead-journal.org/content/05080.pdf
.Mamdani
, Mahmood
. 1996
. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism
. Princeton, NJ
: Princeton University Press
.Marres
, Noortje
. 2012
. Material Participation: Technology, the Environment and Everyday Publics
. New York
: Palgrave Macmillan
.Masco
, Joseph
. 2016
. “The Age of Fallout
.” History of the Present: A Journal of Critical History
5
(2
) 137
–68
.Mathews
, Andrew
. 2008
. “State Making, Knowledge, and Ignorance: Translation and Concealment in Mexican Forestry Institutions
.” American Anthropologist
110
(4
): 484
–94
.Mathur
, Anuradha
, and Cunha
Dilip Da
. 2001
. Mississippi Floods: Designing a Shifting Landscape
. New Haven, CT
: Yale University Press
.Mathur
, Anuradha
, and Cunha
Dilip Da
. 2009
. Soak: Mumbai in an Estuary
. New Delhi
: Rupa
.Mazzarella
, William
. 2003
. Shoveling Smoke: Advertising and Globalization in Contemporary India
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.McCully
, Patrick
. 2001
. Silenced Rivers: The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams
. London
: Zed Books.
McFarlane
, Colin
. 2008
. “Sanitation in Mumbai’s Informal Settlements: State, ‘Slum,’ and Infrastructure
.” Environment and Planning A
40
(1
): 88
–107
.McFarlane
, Colin
. 2011
. Learning the City: Knowledge and Translocal Assemblage
. Malden, MA
: Wiley-Blackwell
.McFarlane
, Colin
, and Rutherford
Jonathan
. 2008
. “Political Infrastructures: Governing and Experiencing the Fabric of the City
.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
32
(2
): 363
–74
.McGeehan
, Patrick
, Buettner
Russ
, and Chen
David
. 2014
. “Beneath Cities, a Decaying Tangle of Gas Pipes
.” New York Times
, March
23
.McGregor
, JoAnn
. 2008
. “Abject Spaces, Transnational Calculations: Zimbabweans in Britain Navigating Work, Class and the Law
.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
33
(4
): 466
–82
.McKay
, Ramah
. 2012
. “Documentary Disorders: Managing Medical Multiplicity in Maputo, Mozambique
.” American Ethnologist
39
(3
): 545
–61
.Meehan
, Katie M.
2014
. “Tool-Power: Water Infrastructure as Wellsprings of State Power
.” Geoforum
57
(November
): 215
–24
.Mehta
, Lyla
. 2005
. The Politics and Poetics of Water: Naturalising Scarcity in Western India
. New Delhi
: Orient Longman
.Meillassoux
, Claude
. 1981
. Maidens, Meal, and Money: Capitalism and the Domestic Community
. New York
: Cambridge University Press
.Menon
, Meena
, and Adarkar
Neera
. 2004
. One Hundred Years One Hundred Voices: The Millworkers of Girangaon; An Oral History
. Calcutta
: Seagull Books.
Mintz
, Sidney
. 1985
. Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History
. New York
: Viking
.Mitchell
, Timothy
. 1991
. “The Limits of the State: Beyond Statist Approaches and Their Critics
.” American Political Science Review
85
(1
): 77
–96
.Mitchell
, Timothy
. 2002
. Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-politics, Modernity
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Mitchell
, Timothy
. 2011
. Carbon Democracy: Political Power in the Age of Oil
. London
: Verso
.Miyazaki
, Hirokazu
. 2013
. Arbitraging Japan: Dreams of Capitalism at the End of Finance
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Mol
, Annemarie
. 2002
. The Body Multiple: Ontology in Medical Practice
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Moore
, Donald S.
2005
. Suffering for Territory: Race, Place, and Power in Zimbabwe
. Durham, NC
: Duke University Press
.Moore
, Sarah
. 2008
. “The Politics of Garbage in Oaxaca, Mexico
.” Society and Natural Resources
21
(7
): 597
–610
.Morrison
, Kathleen
. 2015
. “Archaeologies of Flow: Water and the Landscapes of Southern India Past, Present, and Future
.” Journal of Field Archaeology
40
(5
):