In addition to summarizing the book’s main arguments, the conclusion sketches reasons for fascism’s failure to gain wider purchase in Nanjing Decade China. It highlights the fractured sovereignty of the Nanjing regime as well as interwar China’s dramatically uneven social landscape as key factors. The conclusion further identifies some of the long-term, indirect legacies of the revolutionary nativism espoused by China’s interwar fascists, including the ways in which they linked Confucianism to a national developmentalist program, and helped to shape the trajectory of cultural revolution in twentieth-century China. The conclusion also identifies areas for future research.