Book Chapter
Introduction: Côte-d’ivoire and Triage in the Time of AIDS
-
Published:October 2010
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.
This content is only available as PDF.
Abélès
, Marc
. 2006
. Politique de la survie
. Paris
: Flammarion
.Adjé
, Christiane
, Rachanee
Cheingsong
, Thierry H.
Roels
, Chantal
Maurice
, Gaston
Djomand
, Werner
Verbiest
, Kurt
Hertogs
et al2001
. “High Prevalence of Genotypic and Phenotypic hiv-1 Drug-Resistant Strains among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
.” unaids hiv Drug Access Initiative, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
26
, no. 5
, 501
–6
.Affoum
, Édith Marie-Laurence
. 1982
. “La France et les établissements français de Côte d’Ivoire: Grand-Bassam, Assinie, Dabou (1838–1870)
.” Master’s thesis, Faculté des lettres, arts et sciences humaines
, Université nationale de Côte-d’Ivoire
, Abidjan
.Aka
, Kouamé
. 1991
. “Restructuration du marché du travail en Côte-d’Ivoire
.” Canadian Journal of African Studies
25
, no. 3
, 396
–416
.Akindès
, Francis
. 1991
. “Restauration populaire et sécurité alimentaire à Abidjan
.” Cahiers des sciences humaines
27
, nos. 1–2
, 169
–82
.Akindès
, Francis
. 2000
. “Inégalités sociales et régulation politique en Côte-d’Ivoire
.” Politique africaine
78
, 126
–41
.Amin
, Samir
. 1967
. Le Développement du capitalisme en Cote d’Ivoire
. Paris
: Les Editions de Minuit
.Amoore
, Louise
. 2006
. “Biometric Border: Governing Mobilities in the War on Terror
.” Political Geography
25
, 336
–51
.Anderson
, Robert T.
1971
. “Voluntary Associations in History
.” American Anthropologist
73
, no. 1
, 209
–22
..
1969
. “Abidjan, Côte-d’Ivoire: Plans d’urbanisme
.” Urbanisme Revue française
111–12
, 20
–36
.Antoine
, Philippe
. 1988
. “Comportements démographiques et urbanisation à Abidjan
.” Espace populations sociétés
2
, 227
–43
.Antoine
, Philippe
, Alain
Dubresson
, and Annie
Manou-Savina
. 1987
. Abidjan “côté cours.”
Paris
: Karthala
.Antoine
, Philippe
, and Claude
Herry
. 1981
. Implications du déséquilibre de la structure par âge et par sexe: Le cas d’une métropole africaine: Abidjan
. Abidjan
: Centre orstomde Sciences humaines
.Aradau
, Claudia
. 2007
. “Law Transformed: Guantanamo and the ‘Other’ Exception
.” Third World Quarterly
28
, no. 3
, 489
–501
.Ardener
, Shirley
. 1964
. “The Comparative Study of Rotating Credit Associations
.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
94
, 201
–29
.Armand
, Myriam
. 1988
. “Tissu urbain, tissu social: Stratégie antagonistes d’occupation de l’espace à Abidjan
.” Espace populations sociétés
2
, 261
–74
.Arnold
, David
, ed. 1996
. Warm Climates and Western Medicine: The Emergence of Tropical Medicine 1500–1900
. Amsterdam
: Rodopi
.Asad
, Talal
. 1985
. “Primitive States and the Reproduction of Production Relations: Some Problems in Marxist Anthropology
.” Critique of Anthropology
5
, no. 2
, 21
–33
.Asad
, Talal
, and Harold
Wolpe
. 1976
. “Concepts of Modes of Production
.” Economy and Society
5
, no. 4
, 470
–506
.Atger
, Paul
. 1962
. La France en Côte-d’Ivoire de 1843 à 1893: Cinquante ans d’hésitations politiques et commerciales
. Dakar
: Publication de la section d’Histoire de l’Université de Dakar
.Augé
, Marc
, ed. 1974
. La Construction du monde: Religion, représentations, idéologie
. Paris
: Maspero
.Augé
, Marc
, ed. 1975
. Théorie des pouvoirs et idéologie: Étude de cas en Côte d’Ivoire
. Paris
: Hermann
.Augé
, Marc
, ed. 1992
. Non-lieux: Introduction à une anthropologie de la surmodernité
. Paris
: Éditions du Seuil
.Augé
, Marc
, ed. 1994
. “Prophetic Anticipation (Some Remarks on the Prophet-Healers of Ivory Coast)
.” Journal of Social Studies
66
, 10
–20
.Augé
, Marc
, ed. 1997
. La guerre des rêves: Exercices d’ethno fiction
. Paris
: Éditions du Seuil
.Augé
, Marc
, and Jean-Paul
Colleyn
. 1995
. Nkpiti: La rancune et le prophète
. Paris
: Éditions de l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales
.Augé
, Marc
, and Claudine
Herzlich
. 1983
. Le Sens du mal: Anthropologie, histoire, sociologie de la maladie
. Paris
: Éditions des Archives contemporaines
.Austen
, Ralph A.
1993
. “The Moral Economy of Witchcraft: An Essay in Comparative History
.” Modernity and Its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa
, Jean
Comaroff
and John
Comaroff
, eds., 89
–110
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Bado
, Jean-Paul
. 1996
. Médecine coloniale et grandes endémies en Afrique
. Paris
: Karthala
.Bahi
, Boniface
. 1997
. “Danse et espace idéologique des jeunes de la marge
.” Sociétés Africaines et diasporas
3
, 105
–17
.Balandier
, Georges
. 1985
. Sociologie des Brazzavilles noires
, 2nd edn. Paris
: Presses de la fondation nationale des sciences politiques
.Banton
, Michael
. 1965
. “Social Alignment and Identity in a West African City
.” Urbanization and Migration in West Africa
, ed. Hilda
Kuper
, 131
–47
. Westport, Conn.
: Greenwood Press
.Banton
, Michael
. 1973
. “Urbanization and Role Analysis
.” Urban Anthropology: Cross-cultural Studies of Urbanization
, ed. Aidan
Southall
, 43
–70
. New York
: Oxford University Press
.Barnett
, Tony
, and Alan
Whiteside
. 2003
. aids in the Twenty-first Century: Disease and Globalization
. Basingstoke
: Palgrave
.Bassett
, Thomas J.
2004
. “Containing the Donzow
.” Africa Today
50
, no. 4
, 31
–49
.Bayart
, Jean-François
. 1993
. The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly
. London
: Longman
Group
.Bayart
, Jean-François
, Ellis
Stephen
, and Béatrice
Hibou
. 1999
. The Criminalization of the State in Africa
. Indianapolis
: Indiana University Press
.Bayer
, Ronald
. 1987
. Homosexuality and American Psychiatry
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Bayer
, Ronald
. 1991
. Private Acts, Social Consequences: aids and the Politics of Public Health
. New Brunswick, N.J.
: Rutgers University Press
.Bazenguissa-Ganga
, Janet
, and Remy
MacGaffey
. 2000
. Congo-Paris: Transnational Traders on the Margins of the Law
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Becker
, Felicitas
, and P. Wenzel
Geissler
. 2007
. “Searching for Pathways in a Landscape of Death: Religion and aidsin East Africa
.” Journal of Religion in Africa
37
, no. 1
, 1
–15
.Bender
, Donald
. 1965
. “The Development of French Anthropology
.” Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
1
, no. 2
, 139
–51
.Bernus
, Edmond
. 1962
. “Abidjan: Note sur l’agglomération
.” Bulletin de l’institut français d’Afrique noire
24
, nos. 1–2
, 54
–85
.Berron
, Henri
. 1980
. Tradition et modernisme en pays lagunaires de basse Côte-d’Ivoire
. Paris
: Éditions Ophyrys
.Biehl
, Joao
. 2007
. Will to Live: aids Therapies and the Politics of Survival
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Biggs
, Michael
. 1999
. “Putting the State on the Map: Cartography, Territory, and European State Formation
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
41
, no. 2
, 374
–505
.Blion
, Reynald
, and Sylvie
Brédéloup
. 1997
. “La Côte-d’Ivoire dans les stratégies migratoires des Burkinabè et des Sénégalais
.” Le modèle ivoirien en questions: Crises, ajustements, recompositions
, Bernard
Contamin
and Harris
Memel-Fotê
, eds., 707
–38
. Paris
: Karthala and orstom
.Boellstorff
, Tom
. 2005
. The Gay Archipelago: Sexuality and Nation in Indonesia
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Booth
, Karen M.
2003
. Local Women, Global Science: Fighting aids in Kenya
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Briggs
, Charles L.
, and Clara
Mantini-Briggs
. 2003
. Stories in the Time of Cholera: Racial Profiling during a Medical Nightmare
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Brown
, Michael P.
1997
. Replacing Citizenship: aids Activism and Radical Democracy
. New York
: Guilford Press
.Bureau
, René
. 1996
. Le prophète de la lagune: Les harristes de Côte-d’Ivoire
. Paris
: Karthala
.Campbell
, Bonnie
. 1997
. “Le modèle ivoirien de développement à l’épreuve de la crise
.” Le modèle ivoirien en questions: Crises, ajustements, recompositions
, Bernard
Contamin
and Harris
Memel-Fotê
, eds., 37
–60
. Paris
: Karthala and orstom
.Campbell
, Bonnie
. 2000
. “Réinvention du politique en Côte-d’Ivoire
.” Politique africaine
78
, 142
–56
.Cassimon
, Danny
, and Bjorn Van
Campenhout
. 2007
. “Aid Effectiveness, Debt Relief and Public Finance Response: Evidence from a Panel of hipcCountries
.” Review of World Economics
143
, no. 4
, 742
–63
.Cazemajor
, Philippe
. 1981
. Avocatier, naissance et destruction d’un quartier spontané d’Abidjan
. Abidjan
: Centre orstom de Petit-Bassam
.Chaléard
, Jean-Louis
, and Alain
Dubresson
. 1989
. “Un pied dedans, un pied dehors: À propos du rural et de l’urbain en Côte-d’Ivoire
.” Tropiques: Lieux et liens
, Benoît
Anthéaume
et al, eds., 277
–90
. Paris
: Éditions de l’orstom
.Challenor
, Herschelle Sullivan
. 1979
. “Strangers as Colonial Intermediaries: The Dahomeyans in Francophone Africa
.” Strangers in African Societies
, William
Shack
and Elliot
Skinner
, eds., 67
–83
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Chauveau
, Jean-Pierre
. 1987
. “La part baoulé: Effectif de population et domination ethnique: Une perspective historique
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
27
, nos. 105–6
, 123
–65
.Chauveau
, Jean-Pierre
. 2000
. “Question foncière et construction nationale en Côte-d’Ivoire
.” Politique africaine
78
, 94
–125
.Chauveau
, Jean-Pierre
, and Jean-Pierre
Dozon
. 1987
. “Au coeur des ethnies ivoiriennes … l’état
.” L’État contemporain en Afrique
, ed. Emmanuel
Terray
, 221
–96
. Paris
: l’Harmattan
.Cheater
, Angela
. 1999
. The Anthropology of Power: Empowerment and Disempowerment in Changing Structures
. London
: Routledge
.Chossudovsky
, Michel
. 1997
. The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order
. London
: Zed Books
.Rémi
. Clignet
, 1966
. “Urbanization and Family Structure in the Ivory Coast
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
8
, no. 4
, 385
–401
.Rémi
. Clignet
, 1967
. “Ethnicity, Social Differentiation, and Secondary Schooling in West Africa
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
7
, no. 26
, 360
–78
.Clignet
, Rémi
, and Philip
Foster
. 1966
. The Fortunate Few: A Study of Secondary Schools and Students in the Ivory Coast
. Evanston
: Northwestern University Press
.Cohen
, Michael A.
1972
. “The Sans-Travail Demonstrations: The Politics of Frustration in the Ivory Coast
.” Manpower and Unemployment Research in Africa
5
, no. 1
, 22
–25
.Cohen
, Michael A.
1973
. “The Myth of the Expanding Centre: Politics in the Ivory Coast
.” Journal of Modern African Studies
11
, 227
–46
.Cohen
, Michael A.
1974
. “Urban Policy and the Decline of the Machine: Cross-Ethnic Politics in the Ivory Coast
.” Journal of Developing Areas
8
, no. 2
, 227
–33
.Cohen
, Roger
. 2006
. “Iraq’s Biggest Failing: There Is No Iraq
.” New York Times
, 10
December
.Cohen
, William B.
1971
. Rulers of Empire: The French Colonial Service in Africa
. Stanford
: Hoover Institution Press
.Comaroff
, Jean
. 2007
. “Beyond Bare Life: aids, (Bio)politics, and the Neoliberal Order
.” Public Culture
19
, no. 1
, 197
–219
.Conklin
, Alice L.
1997
. “ ‘Democracy’ Rediscovered: Civilization through Association in French West Africa (1914–1930)
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
37
, no. 145
, 59
–84
.Conklin
, Alice L.
1998
. “Redefining ‘Frenchness’: Citizenship, Race Regeneration, and Imperial Motherhood in France and West Africa, 1914–1940
.” Domesticating the Empire: Race, Gender and Family Life in French and Dutch Colonialism
, Julia A.
Clancy-Smith
and France
Gouda
, eds., 65
–83
. Charlottesville
: University of Virginia Press
.Connelly
, Matthew
. 2008
. Fatal Misconception: The Struggle to Control World Population
. Cambridge, Mass.
: Harvard University Press
.Conrad
, Peter
, and Joseph
Schneider
. 1980
. “Looking at Levels of Medicalization: A Comment on Strong’s Critique of the Thesis of Medical Imperialism
.” Social Science and Medicine
14A
, 75
–79
.Cooper
, Donald B.
, and Kenneth P.
Kiple
. 1993
. “Yellow Fever
.” The Cambridge World History of Human Disease
, ed. Kenneth P.
Kiple
, 1100
–1108
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Cooper
, Frederick
. 1983
. “Urban Space, Industrial Time, and Wage Labor in Africa
.” Struggles for the City
, ed. Frederick
Cooper
, 1
–50
. London
: Sage
.Cooper
, Frederick
. 1994
. “Conflict and Connection: Rethinking Colonial African History
.” American Historical Review
99
(December
), 1516
–45
.Cooper
, Frederick
, and Randall
Packard
, eds. 1997
. International Development and the Social Sciences
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Catherine
. Coquery-Vidrovitch
, 1991
. “The Process of Urbanization in Africa (from the Origins to the Beginning of Independence)
.” African Studies Review
34
, no. 1
, 1
–98
.Coquery-Vidrovitch
, Catherine
, ed. 1992
. L’Afrique occidentale au temps des français: Colonisateurs et colonisés, c. 1860–1960
. Paris
: Éditions de la découverte
.Cordell
, Dennis
, Joel
Gregory
, and Victor
Piché
. 1996
. Hoe and Wage: A Social History of a Circular Migration System in West Africa
. Boulder
: Westview Press
.Coriat
, Benjamin
. 2008
. The Political Economy of hiv/aids in Developing Countries: trips, Public Health Systems and Free Access
. Cheltenham
: Edward Elgar Publishing
.Crimp
, Douglas
. 1988
. aids: Cultural Analysis/Cultural Criticism
. Cambridge, Mass.
: mit Press
.Crook
, Richard C.
1997
. “Winning Coalitions and Ethno-regional Politics: The Failure of the Opposition in the 1990 and 1995 Elections in Côte-d’Ivoire
.” African Affairs
96
, 215
–42
.Crowder
, Michael
. 1964
. “Indirect Rule: French and British Style
.” Africa
34
, no. 3
, 197
–205
.Cruikshank
, Barbara
. 1999
. The Will to Empower: Democratic Citizens and Other Subjects
. Ithaca, N.Y.
: Cornell University Press
.Curtin
, Philip
. 1992
. “Medical Knowledge and Urban Planning in Colonial Tropical Africa
.” The Social Basis of Health and Healing in Africa
, Steven
Feierman
and John M.
Janzen
, eds., 235
–55
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Da Silva
, José Antunes
. 1993
. “African Independent Churches: Origin and Development
.” Anthropos
88
, 393
–402
.Dabis
, François
, Philippe
Msellati
, Nicolas
Meda
, Christiane
Wiffens-Ekra
, Bruno
You
, Olivier
Manigart
, Valériane
Leroy
et al, for the ditrame Study Group
. 1999
. “Six-Month Efficacy, Tolerance, and Acceptability of a Short Regimen of Oral Zidovudine to Reduce Vertical Transmission of hivin Breastfed Children in Côte-d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Multicentre Trial
.” Lancet
353
, no. 6
, 786
–93
.Daddieh
, Cyril K.
2001
. “Elections and Ethnic Violence in Côte-d’Ivoire: The Unfinished Business of Succession and Democratic Transition
.” African Issues
29
, nos. 1–2
, 14
–19
.Das
, Veena
, and Ranendra K.
Das
. 2007
. “How the Body Speaks: Illness and the Lifeworld among the Urban Poor
.” Subjectivity: Ethnographic Investigations
, Joao
Biehl
, Byron
Good
, and Arthur
Kleinman
, eds., 66
–97
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.De Certeau
, Michel
. 2002
. The Practice of Everyday Life
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.De Cock
, Kevin M.
et al1989
. “Rapid Emergence of aidsin Abidjan, Ivory Coast
.” Lancet
2
, no. 8660
, 408
–11
.De Cock
, Kevin M.
et al1990
. “aids: The Leading Cause of Adult Death in the West African City of Abidjan, Ivory Coast
.” Science
249
, no. 4970
, 793
–96
.De Cock
, Kevin M.
, Bernard
Barrere
, Marie-France
Lafontaine
, Lacina
Diaby
, Emmanuel
Gnaore
, Daniel
Pantobe
, and Koudou
Odehouri
. 1991
. “Mortality Trends in Abidjan, Côte-d’Ivoire
.” aids
5
, no. 4
, 393
–98
.De Miras
, Claude
. 1980
. “Le secteur de subsistence dans les branches de production à Abidjan
.” Revue Tiers-Monde
21
, no. 82
, 354
–72
.Depret
, Roland
, and Hervé
Cames
, eds. 1969
. “Abidjan-Côte-d’Ivoire: Numéro spécial
.” Urbanisme français
111–12
, 1
–130
.Derrick
, Jonathan
. 1983
. “The ‘Native Clerk’ in Colonial West Africa
.” Journal of African Affairs
82
, no. 326
, 61
–74
.Deville-Danthu
, Bernadette
. 1992
. “Les premières tentatives d’encadrement des activités physiques et sportives de la jeunesse en a.o.f.(1922–1936)
.” Les jeunes en Afrique, tome 2: La politique et la ville
, Hélène
d’Almeida-Torpor
, Catherine
Coquery-Vidrovitch
, Odile
Goerg
, and Françoise
Guitard
, eds., 448
–62
. Paris
: l’Harmattan
.Diabaté
, Henriette
. n.d. Notre Abidjan
. Abidjan
: Mairie d’Abidjan et Ivoire media
.Domergues-Cloarec
, Danielle
. 1986
. Histoire de la santé en Côte-d’Ivoire
. Toulouse
: Presses Universitaires du Mirail
.Dorward
, David C.
1974
. “Ethnography and Administration: A Study of Anglo-Tiv ‘Working Misunderstanding.’
” Journal of African History
15
, no. 3
, 457
–77
.Dory
, Daniel
. 1984
. “Entre la découverte et la domination: Le Lobi (1800–1960): Éléments d’histoire de la géographie coloniale
.” Bulletin de l’association des géographes français
506
, 371
–82
.Dory
, Daniel
. 1992
. “Géographie et colonisation en France durant la troisième république (1870–1940)
.” Science and Empires
, ed. Patrick
Petitjean
, 323
–30
. Dordrecht
: Kluwer
.Dozon
, Jean-Pierre
. 1985b
. “Quand les pastoriens traquaient la maladie du sommeil
.” Sciences sociales et santé
3
, nos. 3–4
, 27
–56
.Dozon
, Jean-Pierre
. 1985c
. “Les Bété: Une création coloniale
.” Au coeur de l’éthnie: Éthnie, tribalisme et état en Afrique
, Jean-Loup
Amselle
and Elikia
M’Bokolo
, eds., 49
–86
. Paris
: Karthala
.Dozon
, Jean-Pierre
. 1987
. “À propos de l’ouvrage de Danielle Comergue-Cloarec: La santé en Côte d’Ivoire 1905–1958
.” Psychopathologie Africaine
21
, no. 2
, 211
–17
.Dozon
, Jean-Pierre
. 1991
. D’un tombeau l’autre
. Cahiers d’études africaines
31
, nos. 121–22
, 135
–57
.Dozon
, Jean-Pierre
. 1995
. La cause des prophètes: Politique et religion en Afrique contemporaine
. Paris
: Seuil
.Dozon
, Jean-Pierre
. 1997
. “L’étranger et l’allochtone en Côte-d’Ivoire
.” Le modèle ivoirien en questions: Crises, ajustements, recompositions
, Bernard
Contamin
and Harris
Memel-Fotê
, eds., 779
–98
. Paris
: Karthala and orstom
.Dozon
, Jean-Pierre
. 2000
. “La Côte-d’Ivoire entre démocratie, nationalisme et ethnonationalisme
.” Politique africaine
78
, 46
–62
.Dubresson
, Alain
, and Alphonse
Yapi-Diahou
. 1988
. “L’État, ‘le bas,’ les cours: Exclusion sociale et petite production immobilière à Abidjan (Côte-d’Ivoire)
.” Revue Tiers-Monde
29
, no. 116
, 1083
–1100
.Duranson
, Sébastien
. 1994
. Impact de la dévaluation du franc cfa sur la filière médicament en Côte d’Ivoire
. Abidjan
: Centre orstomde Petit-Bassam
.Dureau
, François
. 1985
. “Migration et urbanisation: Le cas de la Côte-d’Ivoire
.” PhD diss., Université Paris X—Nanterre
.Duruflé
, Gilles
. 1988
. L’ajustement structurel en Afrique (Sénégal, Côte-d’Ivoire, Madagascar)
. Paris
: Karthala
.Echenberg
, Myron J.
1994
. “ ‘Faire du Negre’: Military Aspects of Population Planning in French West Africa, 1920–1940
.” African Population and Capitalism: Historical Perspectives
, Dennis D.
Cordell
and Joel W.
Gregory
, eds., 95
–108
. Madison
: University of Wisconsin Press
.Echenberg
, Myron J.
2007
. Plague Ports: The Global Urban Impact of Bubonic Plague, 1894–1901
. New York
: New York University Press
.Ekeh
, Peter P.
1990
. “Social Anthropology and Two Contrasting Uses of Tribalism in Africa
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
32
, 660
–700
.Elyachar
, Julia
. 2005
. Markets of Dispossession: ngos, Economic Development, and the State in Cairo
. Durham, N.C.
: Duke University Press
.Epprecht
, Marc
. 2008
. Heterosexual Africa? The History of an Idea from the Age of Exploration to the Age of aids
. Athens
: Ohio University Press
.Epstein
, Arnold L.
1961
. “The Network and Urban Social Organization
.” Rhodes-Livingston Institute Journal
29
, 29
–61
.Epstein
, Arnold L.
1967
. “Urbanization and Social Change in Africa
.” Current Anthropology
8
, 275
–96
.Epstein
, Helen
. 2008
. The Invisible Cure: Why We Are Losing the Fight against aids in Africa
. New York
: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
.Epstein
, Steve
. 1996
. Impure Science: aids, Activism, and the Politics of Knowledge
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Eron
, Joseph J.
2008
. “Managing Antiretroviral Therapy: Changing Regimens, Resistance Testing, and the Risks from Structured Treatment Interruptions
.” Journal of Infectious Diseases
197
, S261
–71
.Escobar
, Arturo
. 1995
. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Étienne
, Mona
. 1979
. “Maternité sociale, rapports d’adoption et pouvoir des femmes chez les Baoulé (Côte-d’Ivoire)
.” L’Homme
19
, nos. 3–4
, 63
–107
.Étienne
, Pierre
, and Mona
Étienne
. 1968
. “L’émigration Baoulé actuelle
.” Cahiers d’outremer
21
, no. 82
, 155
–95
.Eyben
, Rosalind
. 2000
. “Development and Anthropology: A View from Inside the Agency
.” Critique of Anthropology
20
, no. 1
, 7
–14
.Farmer
, Paul
. 1992
. aids and Accusation: Haiti and the Geography of Blame
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Farmer
, Paul
. 2004a
. Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Farmer
, Paul
. 2004b
. Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights and the New War on the Poor
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Fassin
, Didier
. 2001
. “The Biopolitics of Otherness: Undocumented Foreigners and Racial Discrimination in French Political Debate
.” Anthropology Today
17
, no. 1
, 3
–7
.Fassin
, Didier
. 2007
. When Bodies Remember: Politics and Experiences of aids in South Africa
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Faubion
, James D.
1996
. “Kinship Is Dead: Long Live Kinship: A Review Article
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
38
, no. 1
, 67
–91
.Fauré
, Yves A.
1989
. “Côte-d’Ivoire: Analyzing the Crisis
.” Contemporary West African States
, Donal B. Cruise
O’Brien
, John
Dunn
, and Richard
Rathbone
, eds., 59
–74
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Fauré
, Yves A.
, and Jean-François
Médard
. 1982
. “Classe dominante ou classe dirigeante?
” État et bourgeoisie en Côte-d’Ivoire
, Yves A.
Fauré
and Jean-François
Médard
, eds., 125
–48
. Paris
: Éditions Karthala
.Ferguson
, James
. 1994
. The Anti-politics Machine: “Development,” Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho
. 2nd edn. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Ferguson
, James
. 1999
. Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Fetter
, Bruce
. 1987
. “Decoding and Interpreting African Census Data: Vital Evidence from an Unsavory Witness
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
27
, nos. 105–6
, 83
–105
.Fink
, Sheri
. 2009
. “Strained by Katrina, a Hospital Faced Deadly Choice
.” New York Times
, 25
August
2009
.Fisher
, William F.
1997
. “Doing Good? The Politics and Antipolitics of ngoPractices
.” Annual Reviews of Anthropology
26
, 439
–64
.Foller
, Maj-Lis
, and Hakan
Thorn
. 2008
. The Politics of aids: Globalization, the State and Civil Society
. Basingstoke
: Palgrave Macmillan
.Foster-Carter
, Aidan
. 1978
. “The Modes of Production Controversy
.” New Left Review
107
, 47
–78
.Foucault
, Michel
. 1978
. The Will to Knowledge. Vol. 1 of The History of Sexuality
. London
: Penguin
.Foucault
, Michel
. 1985
. The History of Sexuality, Vol. 2: The Use of Pleasure
. New York
: Pantheon Books
.Foucault
, Michel
. 1997a
. “Christianity and Confession
.” The Politics of Truth
, Sylvère
Lotringer
and Lysa
Hochroth
, eds., 199
–236
. New York
: Semiotext
.Foucault
, Michel
. 1997b
. “Subjectivity and Truth
.” The Politics of Truth
, Sylvère
Lotringer
and Lysa
Hochroth
, eds., 171
–98
. New York
: Semiotext
.Foucault
, Michel
. 1998
. “Technologies of the Self
.” Technologies of the Self
, Luther
Martin
, Huck
Gutman
, and Patrick H.
Hutton
, eds., 16
–49
. Amherst
: University of Massachusetts Press
.Fox
, Robin
. 1967
. Kinship and Marriage: An Anthropological Perspective
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Fréchou
, Hubert
. 1955
. “Les plantations européennes en Côte d’Ivoire
.” Cahiers d’outremer
8
, no. 1
, 56
–83
.Frenkel
, Stephen
, and John
Western
. 1988
. “Pretext or Prophylaxis? Racial Segregation and Malarial Mosquitos in a British Tropical Colony: Sierra Leone
.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers
78
, no. 2
, 211
–28
.Gardiner
, David
. 1985
. “The French Impact on Education in Africa, 1817–1960
.” Double Impact: France and Africa in the Age of Imperialism
, ed. G. Wesley
Johnson
333
–44
. Westport
: Greenwood Press
.Gardner
, Katy
, and David
Lewis
. 1995
. Anthropology, Development and the Post-Modern Challenge
. London
: Pluto Press
.Garner
, Robert C.
2000
. “Safe Sects: Dynamic Religion and aidsin South Africa
.” Journal of Modern African Studies
38
, no. 1
, 41
–69
.Garrett
, Laurie
. 2007
. “The Challenge of Global Health
.” Foreign Affairs
86
, no. 1
, 14
–38
.Gastellu
, J. M.
, and S. Affou
Yapi
. 1982
. “Un mythe à décomposer: La ‘bourgeoisie de planteurs.’
” État et bourgeoisie en Côte d’Ivoire
, Yves A.
Fauré
and Jean-François
Médard
, eds., 149
–80
. Paris
: Karthala
.Geschiere
, Peter
, and Reini
Raatgever
. 1985
. “Introduction: Emerging Insights and Issues in French Marxist Anthropology
.” Old Modes of Production and Capitalist Encroachment: Anthropological Explorations in Africa
, Wim M. J. van
Binsbergen
and Peter
Geschiere
, eds., 1
–38
. London
: kpi
.Gibbal
, Jean-Marie
. 1974
. “La magie à l’école
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
14
, no. 56
, 627
–50
.Gibbal
, Jean-Marie
, Émile Le
Bris
, Alain
Marie
, Annik
Osmont
, and Gérard
Salem
. 1982
. “Position de l’enquête anthropologique en milieu urbain africain
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
21
, nos. 81–83
, 7
–10
.Ginoux-Pouyaud
, Corinne
. 1996
. “Trajectoires sexuelles et amoureuses: L’exemples des femmes de Marcory et Koumassi (Abidjan)
.” PhD diss., Université Paul Valéry—Montpellier 3
.Gluckman
, Max
. 1940
. “Analysis of a Social Situation
.” Bantu Studies
14
, 147
–74
.Gnahoré
, Faustin D.
1992
. “Recherche sur une expression des jeunes: Le rythme aloucou
.” Les jeunes en Afrique: La politique et la ville
, Hélène
d’Almeida-Topor
, Catherine
Coquery-Vidrovitch
, Odile
Goerg
, and Françoise
Guitart
, eds., 488
–520
. Paris
: Éditions l’Harmattan
.Godelier
, Maurice
. 1975
. “Modes of Production, Kinship, and Demographic Structures
.” Marxist Analysis and Social Anthropology
, ed. Maurice
Bloch
, 3
–28
. London
: Malaby Press
.Godelier
, Maurice
. 1978
. “Infrastructures, Societies and Histories
.” New Left Review
112
, 84
–96
.Goldie
, Sue J.
, Yazdan
Yazdanpanah
, Elena
Losina
, Milton C.
Weinstein
, Xavier
Anglaret
, Rochelle P.
Walensky
, Heather E.
Hsu
et al2006
. “Cost-Effectiveness of hivTreatment in Resource-Poor Settings: The Case of Côte d’Ivoire
.” New England Journal of Medicine
355
, 1141
–53
.Gould
, Peter
. 1993
. The Slow Plague: A Geography of the aids Pandemic
. London
: Basil Blackwell
.Groff
, David H.
1987
. “Carrots, Sticks and Cocoa Pods: African and Administrative Initiatives in the Spread of Cocoa Cultivation in Assikasso, Ivory Coast, 1908–1920
.” International Journal of African Historical Studies
20
, no. 3
, 401
–16
.Grootaert
, Christiaan
, and Ravi
Kanbur
. 1995
. “The Lucky Few amidst Economic Decline: Distributional Change in Côte d’Ivoire as Seen through Panel Data Sets, 1985–1988
.” Journal of Development Studies
31
, no. 4
, 603
–19
.Grootaert
, Christiaan
, Ravi
Kanbur
, and Gi-Taik
Oh
. 1997
. “The Dynamics of Welfare Gains and Losses: An African Case Study
.” Journal of Development Studies
33
, no. 5
, 635
–57
.Gruénais
, Marc-Éric
. 1984
. “Dynamiques lignagères et pouvoir en pays Mossi (Burkina Faso)
.” Journal des Africanistes
54
, no. 2
, 53
–74
.Gruskin
, Sofia
, Katarina
Tomasevski
, and Aart
Hendriks
. 1996
. “Human Rights and Responses to hiv/aids
.” aids in the World 2
, Jonathan M.
Mann
and Daniel
Tarantola
, eds., 326
–41
. Oxford
: Oxford University Press
.Hacking
, Ian
. 1986
. “Making Up People
.” Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought
, Thomas C.
Heller
, Morton
Sosna
, Christine
Brooke-Rose
, and David E.
Wellbery
, eds., 222
–36
. Palo Alto
: Stanford University Press
.Hacking
, Ian
. 1999
. The Social Construction of What?
Cambridge, Mass.
: Harvard University Press
.Haeringer
, Philippe
. 1969a
. “Quitte ou double: Les chances de l’agglomération abidjanaise
.” Urbanisme français
111–12
, 89
–93
.Haeringer
, Philippe
. 1969b
. “Structures foncières et création urbaine à Abidjan
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
9
, no. 34
, 219
–70
.Haeringer
, Philippe
. 1988
. “L’explosion de l’offre artisanale à Abidjan et ses relations avec la récession économique (1980–1985)
.” Espace, Populations, Sociétés
2
, 275
–94
.Hannaway
, Caroline
. 1993
. “Environment and Miasmata
.” Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine
, Roy
Porter
and William F.
Bynum
, eds., 292
–308
. London
: Routledge
.Hansen
, Karen Tranberg
. 2004
. “Who Rules the Streets? The Politics of Vending Space in Lusaka
.” Reconsidering Informality: Perspectives from Urban Africa
, Karen T.
Hansen
and Mariken
Vaa
, eds., 62
–80
. Uppsala
: Nordic Africa Institute
.Hart
, Keith
. 1973
. “Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana
.” Journal of Modern African Studies
11
, no. 1
, 61
–89
.Harvey
, David
. 2005
. A Brief History of Neoliberalism
. Oxford
: Oxford University Press
.Hawkin
, Kirstan
, N.
Price
, and Fatima
Mussa
. 2009
. “Milking the Cow: Young Women’s Construction of Identity and Risk in Age-Disparate Transactional Sexual Relationships in Maputo, Mozambique
.” Global Public Health
4
, no. 2
, 169
–82
.Hays
, J. N.
1998
. The Burdens of Disease: Epidemics and Human Response in Western History
. New Brunswick, N.J.
: Rutgers University Press
.Heath
, Deborah
, Rayna
Rapp
, and Karen-Sue
Taussig
. 2004
. “Genetic Citizenship
.” Companion to the Anthropology of Politics
, David
Nugent
and Joan
Vincent
, eds., 152
–67
. Oxford
: Blackwell
.Hecht
, Robert M.
1984
. “The Transformation of Lineage Production in Southern Ivory Coast, 1920–1980
.” Ethnology
23
, no. 4
, 261
–78
.Hellweg
, Joseph
. 2004
. “Encompassing the State
.” Africa Today
50
, no. 4
, 3
–28
.Hellweg
, Joseph
. 2009
. “Hunters, Ritual and Freedom: Sozo Sacrifice as a Technology of the Self in the Benkadi Movement of Côte d’Ivoire
.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
15
, 36
–56
.Hoad
, Neville
. 2007
. African Intimacies: Race, Homosexuality and Globalization
. Minneapolis
: University of Minnesota Press
.Holas
, Bohumil
. 1954
. “Bref aperçu sur les principaux cultes syncrétiques de la Basse-Côte-d’Ivoire
.” Africa
24
, no. 1
, 55
–60
.Hunt
, Nancy Rose
. 1994
. “Letter-Writing, Nursing Men, and Bicycles in the Belgian Congo: Notes towards the Social Identity of a Colonial Category
.” Paths towards the Past: African Historical Essays in Honor of Jan Vansina
, Robert W.
Harms
et al, eds., 187
–210
. Atlanta
: African Studies Association Press
.Hunt
, Nancy Rose
. 1997
. “Condoms, Confessors, Conferences: Among aidsDerivatives in Africa
.” Journal of the International Institute
4
, no. 3
. Available online from the web site of the Journal of the International Institute at the University of Michigan
.Hunt
, Nancy Rose
. 1999
. A Colonial Lexicon of Birth Ritual, Medicalization, and Mobility in the Congo
. Durham, N.C.
: Duke University Press
.Hunter
, Mark
. 2002
. “The Materiality of Everyday Sex: Thinking beyond ‘Prostitution.’
” African Studies
61
, no. 1
, 99
–120
.Hunter
, Mark
. 2006
. “The Changing Political Economy of Sex in South Africa: The Significance of Unemployment and Inequalities to the Scale of the aidsPandemic
.” Social Science and Medicine
64
, no. 3
, 689
–700
.Huysmans
, Jef
. 2004
. “Minding Exceptions: The Politics of Insecurity and Liberal Democracy
.” Contemporary Political Theory
3
, no. 3
, 321
–41
.Institut National de la Statistique (ins), Ministère de la Lutte contre le Sida [Côte d’Ivoire], and orc Macro
. 2006
. Enquête sur les indicateurs du Sida, Côte d’Ivoire 2005
. Calverton, Md.
: ins and orc Macro
.Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
. 2005
. Review of the hivnet 012 Perinatal hiv Prevention Study
. Washington
: National Academies Press
.International Labour Office
. 1972
. Incomes, Employment and Equality in Kenya
. Geneva
: International Labour Office
.Iverson
, Kenneth V.
, and John C.
Moskop
. 2007
. “Triage in Medicine, Part 1: Concept, History and Types
.” Annals of Emergency Medicine
49
, no. 3
, 282
–87
.Janzen
, John
. 1982
. The Quest for Therapy: Medical Pluralism in Lower Zaïre
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Jarret
, Marie-France
, and François Régis
Mahieu
. 1991
. “Ajustement structurel, croissance et répartition: L’exemple de la Côte-d’Ivoire
.” Revue Tiers Monde
32
, no. 125
, 39
–62
.Jézéquel
, Jean-Hervé
. 1999
. “Le ‘théâtre des instituteurs’ en Afrique Occidentale française (1930–1950): Pratique socio-culturelle et vecteur de cristallisation de nouvelles identités urbaines
.” Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
, ed. Odile
Goerg
, 182
–200
. Paris
: Karthala
.Jones
, James H.
1993
. Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
. Rev. edn. New York
: Free Press
.Joshi
, Heather
, Harold
Lubell
, and Jean
Mouly
. 1976
. Abidjan: Urban Development and Employment in the Ivory Coast
. Geneva
: International Labour Office
.Kaddar
, Miloud
, and Eliane
Furrer
. 2008
. “Are Current Debt Relief Initiatives an Option for Scaling up Health Financing in Beneficiary Countries?
” Bulletin of the World Health Organization
86
, no. 11
, 817
–908
.Kadet
, G. Bertin
. 1999
. “Urbanisation et pauvreté: Aspects de la condition citadine dans la région des montagnes, en Côte-d’Ivoire
.” Cahiers d’outremer
52
, no. 206
, 197
–218
.Kalofonos
, Ippolytos
. 2008
. “A Vida Positiva: Activism, Evangelism and Antiretrovirals in Mozambique
.” PhD diss., University of California
, San Francisco
.Kanbur
, Ravi
. 1990
. Poverty and the Social Dimensions of Structural Adjustment in Côte-d’Ivoire
. Washington
: World Bank
.Kayal
, Philip M.
1993
. Bearing Witness: Gay Men’s Health Crisis and the Politics of aids
. Boulder
: Westview Press
.Kieffer
, Guy-André
. 2000
. “Armée ivoirienne: Le refus ou déclassement
.” Politique africaine
78
, 26
–44
.Kipré
, Pierre
. 1988
. “Sociétés urbaines africaines et pratiques sociales de l’espace urbain: Le cas ivoirien (1930–1960)
.” Processus d’urbanisation en Afrique
, ed. Catherine
Coquery-Vidrovitch
, 37
–45
. Paris
: Karthala
.Kirschke
, Linda
. 2000
. “Informal Repression: Zero-Sum Politics and Late Third Wave Transitions
.” Journal of Modern African Studies
38
, no. 3
, 383
–405
.Kouakou N’Guessan
, François
. 1983
. “Les ‘maquis’ d’Abidjan: Nourritures du terroir et fraternité citadine, ou la conscience de classe autour d’un foutou d’igname
.” Cahiers
orstom, série sciences humaines
19
, no. 4
, 545
–50
.Laga
, Marie
, Bernhard
Schwartlander
, Elisabeth
Pisani
, Papa Salif
Sow
, and Michel
Carael
. 2001
. “To Stem hiv in Africa, Prevent Transmission to Young Women
.” aids
15
, 931
–34
.Latour
, Bruno
. 1986
. “Le théâtre de la preuve
.” Pasteur et la Révolution Pastorienne
, ed. Claire
Salomon-Bayet
, 335
–84
. Paris
: Payot
.Latour
, Bruno
. 1988
. The Pasteurization of France
. Cambridge, Mass.
: Harvard University Press
.Laurent
, Pierre-Joseph
. 1998
. “Conversions aux assemblées de Dieu chez les Mossi du Burkina Faso: ‘Modernité et sociabilité.’
” Journal des Africanistes
68
, nos. 1–2
, 67
–97
.Le Pape
, Marc
. 1985
. “De l’espace et des races à Abidjan, entre 1903 et 1934
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
25
, no. 99
, 295
–307
.Le Pape
, Marc
. 1986
. “Les statuts d’une génération: Les déscolarisés d’Abidjan entre 1976 et 1986
.” Politique africaine
29
, 104
–12
.Le Pape
, Marc
. 1997
. L’Énergie sociale à Abidjan: Économie politique de la ville en Afrique noire, 1930–1995
. Paris
: Karthala
.Le Pape
, Marc
, and Claudine
Vidal
. 1982
. “Raisons pratiques africaines
.” Cahiers internationaux de sociologie
73
, 293
–321
.Le Pape
, Marc
, and Claudine
Vidal
. 1984
. “Libéralisme et vécus sexuels à Abidjan
.” Cahiers internationaux de sociologie
16
, 111
–18
.Le Pape
, Marc
, and Claudine
Vidal
. 1987
. “L’école à tout prix: Stratégies éducatives dans la petite bourgeoisie d’Abidjan
.” Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales
70
, 64
–73
.Le Pape
, Marc
, and Claudine
Vidal
. 2002
. Côte-d’Ivoire: L’année terrible (1999–2000)
. Paris
: Karthala
.Le Pape
, Marc
, Claudine
Vidal
, and Alphonse
Yapi-Diahou
. 1991
. “Abidjan: Du cosmopolitisme à la mondialisation
.” Métropoles du tiers monde—asp orstom—cnrs. Unpublished typescript
.Leclerc-Madlala
, Suzanne
. 2003
. “Transactional Sex and the Pursuit of Modernity
.” Social Dynamics
29
, 213
–33
.Lee
, Laura Kim
. 2002
. “Changing Selves, Changing Society: Human Relations Experts and the Invention of T Groups, Sensitivity Training and Encounter in the United States, 1938–1980
.” PhD diss., University of California
, Los Angeles
.Li
, Tania M.
2007
. The Will to Improve: Governmentality, Development and the Practice of Politics
. Durham, N.C.
: Duke University Press
.Lindenbaum
, Shirley
, and Gilbert
Herdt
. 1992
. The Time of aids: Social Analysis, Theory, and Method
. London
: Sage Publications
.Lindenbaum
, Shirley
, and Margaret
Lock
, eds. 1993
. Knowledge, Power and Practice: The Anthropology of Medicine and Everyday Life
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Little
, Kenneth
. 1962
. “Some Traditionally Based Forms of Mutual Aid in West African Urbanization
.” Ethnology
1
, no. 2
, 197
–211
.Lock
, Margaret
, and Deborah R.
Gordon
, eds. 1988
. Biomedicine Examined
. Dordrecht
: Kluwer Academic Publishers
.Lock
, Margaret
, and Patricia A.
Kaufert
. 1998a
. “Introduction
.” Pragmatic Women and Body Politics
, Margaret
Lock
and Patricia A.
Kaufert
, eds., 1
–27
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Lock
, Margaret
, and Patricia A.
Kaufert
, eds. 1998b
. Pragmatic Women and Body Politics
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Lohse
, Nicolai
, Ann-Brit Eg
Hansen
, Gitte
Pedersen
, Gitte
Kronborg
, Jan
Gerstoft
, Henrik Toft
Sørensen
, Michael
Væth
, and Niels
Obel
. 2007
. “Survival of Persons with and without hivInfection in Denmark, 1995–2005
.” Annals of Internal Medicine
146
, no. 2
, 87
–95
.Losch
, Bruno
. 2000
. “La Côte-d’Ivoire en quête d’un nouveau projet national
.” Politique africaine
78
, 5
–21
.Losina
, Elena
, Yazdan
Yazdanpanah
, Sylvie
Deuffic-Burban
, Bingxia
Wang
, Lindsey L.
Wolf
, Eugène
Messou
, Delphine
Gabillard
, Catherine
Seyler
, Kenneth A.
Freedberg
, and Xavier
Anglaret
. 2007
. “The Independent Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Severe Opportunistic Disease Incidence and Mortality in hiv-Infected Adults in Cote d’Ivoire
.” Antivir Ther
12
, no. 4
, 543
–51
.Luke
, Nancy
. 2003
. “Age and Economic Asymmetries in the Sexual Relationships of Adolescent Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa
.” Studies in Family Planning
34
, 67
–86
.Maganja
, R. K.
, S.
Maman
, A.
Groves
, and J. K.
Mbwambo
. 2007
. “Skinning the Goat and Pulling the Load: Transactional Sex among Youth in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
.” aids Care
19
, no. 8
, 974
–81
.Magubane
, Bernard
. 1971
. “A Critical Look at the Indices Used in the Study of Social Change in Colonial Africa
.” Current Anthropology
12
, nos. 4–5
, 419
–55
.Mahieu
, François Régis
. 1995
. “Variable Dimension in the Côte-d’Ivoire: Reasons for Failure
.” Review of African Political Economy
22
, no. 63
, 9
–26
.Mamdani
, Mahmood
. 1996
. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Mamdani
, Mahmood
. 2001
. “Beyond Settler and Native as Political Identities: Overcoming the Political Legacy of Colonialism
.” Comparative Studies in Society and History
43
, no. 4
, 651
–64
.Mann
, Jonathan
, and Daniel
Tarantola
. 1996
. aids in the World 2
. Oxford
: Oxford University Press
.Manou-Savina
, Annie
. 1985
. “Politiques et pratiques urbaines à Abidjan
.” PhD diss., Université de Paris 1
.Manou-Savina
, Annie
. 1989
. “Éléments pour une histoire de la cour commune en milieu urbain: Réflexions sur le cas ivoirien
.” Tropiques: Lieux et liens
, Benoît
Anthéaume
et al, eds., 310
–17
. Paris
: Éditions de l’orstom
.Manou-Savina
, Annie
, and Alain
Dubresson
. 1985
. “Abidjan-populaire: Au-delà des apparences
.” Cités africaines
2
, 19
–50
.Marais
, Hein
. 2005
. “Buckling: The Impact of aids on South Africa
.” Pretoria
: Centre for the Study of aids
. pdf available from the web site of the Centre for the Study of aids
, www.csa.za.org.Marcovich
, Anne
. 1988
. “French Colonial Medicine and Colonial Rule: Algeria and Indochina
.” Disease, Medicine, and Empire: Perspectives on Western Medicine and the Experience of European Expansion
, Roy M.
MacLeod
and Milton James
Lewis
, eds., 103
–20
. London
: Taylor and Francis
.Marguerat
, Yves
. 1998
. “L’étude des violences urbaines d’Ibadan (1994) à Abidjan (1997)
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
38
, nos. 150–2
, 665
–71
.Marie
, Alain
. 1997a
. “Du sujet communautaire au sujet individuel: Une lecture anthropologique de la réalité africaine contemporaine
.” L’Afrique des individus
, ed. Alain
Marie
, 53
–112
. Paris
: Karthala
.Marie
, Alain
. 1997b
. “Avatars de la dette communautaire: Crise des solidarités, sorcellerie et procès d’individualisation (itinéraires abidjanais)
.” L’Afrique des individus
, ed. Alain
Marie
, 249
–330
. Paris
: Karthala
.Martin
, Emilie
. 1995
. Flexible Bodies: The Role of Immunity in American Culture from the Days of Polio to the Age of aids
. Boston
: Beacon
.Martin
, Guy
. 1995
. “Continuity and Change in Franco-African Relations
.” Journal of Modern African Studies
33
, no. 1
, 1
–20
.Martin
, Michèle
. 2003
. “Hello Central?”: Gender, Technology, and Culture in the Formation of Telephone Systems
. Montréal
: McGill-Queen’s University Press
.Martin
, Phyllis
. 1985
. Leisure and Society in Colonial Brazzaville
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Mary
, André
. 1997
. “La tradition prophétique ivoirienne au regard de l’histoire
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
37
, no. 145
, 213
–23
.Mary
, André
. 1999
. “Culture pentecôtiste et charisme visionnaire au sein d’une église indépendante africaine
.” Archives de sciences sociales des religions
105
, 29
–50
.Mbembe
, Achille
. 2002
. “African Modes of Self-Writing
.” Public Culture
14
, no. 1
, 239
–73
.McFalls
, Laurence
. 2007
. “A Matter of Life and Death: Iatrogenic Violence and the Formal Logic of International Intervention
.” Working Paper CSGP 07/7. Centre for the Study of Global Power and Politics, Trent University. pdf available from the web site of Centre for the Study of Global Power and Politics
.Middleton
, John
, and David
Tait
. 1958
. “Introduction
.” Tribes without Rulers: Studies in African Segmentary Systems
, John
Middleton
and David
Tait
, eds., 1
–31
. London
: Routledge
.Morgan
, Henry Lewis
. 1877
. Ancient Society: Researches in the Lines of Human Progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization
. New York
: Henry Holt and Company
.Moulin
, Anne-Marie
. 1992
. “Patriarchal Science: The Network of the Overseas Pasteur Institutes
.” Science and Empires: Historical Studies about Scientific Development and European Expansion
, Patrick
Petitjean
, Catherine
Jami
, and Anne Marie
Moulin
, eds., 307
–22
. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 136
. Dordrecht
: Kluwer
.Moulin
, Anne-Marie
. 1996
. “Tropical without the Tropics: The Turning-Point of Pastorian Medicine in North Africa
.” Warm Climates and Western Medicine: The Emergence of Tropical Medicine 1500–1900
, ed. David
Arnold
, 160
–207
. Amsterdam
: Rodopi
.Msellati
, Philippe
, Laurent
Vidal
, and Jean-Paul
Moatti
, eds. 2001
. L’accès aux traitements du vih/sida en Côte d’Ivoire: Evaluation de l’initiative, Onusida/ministère ivoirien de la santé publique: Aspects économiques, sociaux et comportementaux
. Coll. sciences sociales et sida
. Paris
: Agence nationale de recherches sur le sida
.Newell
, Sasha
. 2006
. “Estranged Belongings: A Moral Economy of Theft in Abidjan, Côte-d’Ivoire
.” Anthropological Theory
6
, no. 2
, 179
.Nguyen
, Vinh-Kim
. 2002
. “Sida, ong et politique du témoignage
.” Anthropologie et sociétés
26
, no. 1
, 69
–87
.Nguyen
, Vinh-Kim
. 2004
. “Antiretroviral Globalism, Biopolitics and Therapeutic Citizenship
.” Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics and Ethics
, Aihwa
Ong
and Stephen
Collier
, eds., 124
–44
. London
: Blackwell
.Nguyen
, Vinh-Kim
. 2005
. “Uses and Pleasures
.” Sex in Development: Science, Sexuality, and Morality in Global Perspective
, Stacy L.
Pigg
and Vincanne
Adams
, eds., 245
–68
. Durham, N.C.
: Duke University Press
.Nguyen
, Vinh-Kim
. 2009a
. “Government-by-Exception: Enrolment and Experimentality in Mass hivTreatment Programmes in Africa
.” Social Theory and Health
7
, no. 3
, 196
–217
.Nguyen
, Vinh-Kim
. 2009b
. “Therapeutic Evangelism: Confessional Technologies, Antiretrovirals, and Biospiritual Transformation in the Fight against aids in West Africa
.” aids and Religious Practice in Africa
, Felicitas
Becker
and P. Wessler
Geissler
, eds., 359
–78
. Leiden
: Brill
.Nkengasong
, John N.
, Christiane
Adje-Touré
, and Paul J.
Weidle
. 2004
. “hiv Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Africa
.” aids Rev
6
, 4
–12
.Oliveira
, Maria A.
, Elizabeth M. dos
Santos
, and José M.
Mello
. 2001
. “aids, Activism and the Regulation of Clinical Trials in Brazil: Protocol 028
.” Cad Saude Publica
17
, no. 4
, 863
–75
.Olivier de Sardan
, Jean-Pierre
. 1999
. “A Moral Economy of Corruption in Africa?
” Journal of Modern African Studies
37
, no. 1
, 25
–52
.Olivier de Sardan
, Jean-Pierre
. 2005
. Anthropology and Development: Understanding Contemporary Social Change
. London
: Zed Books
.O’Malley
, Jeffrey O.
, Vinh-Kim
Nguyen
, and Sarah
Lee
. 1996
. “Non-governmental Organizations
.” aids in the World 2
, Jonathan M.
Mann
and Daniel
Tarantola
, eds., 341
–61
. London
: Oxford University Press
.O’Manique
, Colleen
. 2004
. Neoliberalism and aids Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Globalization’s Pandemic
. Basingstoke
: Palgrave-Macmillan
.Ong
, Aihwa
. 2006
. Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Owen
, David
. 1999
. “Power, Knowledge and Ethics: Foucault
.” Edinburgh Encyclopedia of Continental Philosophy
, ed. Simon
Glendinning
, 593
–604
. London
: Routledge
.Packard
, Randall M.
1989
. “The ‘Healthy Reserve’ and the ‘Dressed Native’: Discourses on Black Health and the Language of Legitimation in South Africa
.” American Ethnologist
16
, 686
–703
.Pandolfi
, Mariella
. 2000
. “Une souveraineté mouvante et supracoloniale: L’industrie humanitaire dans les Balkans
.” Multitudes
3
, 97
–105
.Pandolfi
, Mariella
. 2006
. “La zone grise des guerres humanitaires
.” Anthropologica
48
, no. 1
, 43
–58
.Pandolfi
, Mariella
. 2008
. “Laboratory of Intervention: The Humanitarian Governance of the Post-communist Balkan Territories
.” Postcolonial Disorders
, Mary-Jo DelVecchio
Good
, Sandra T.
Hyde
, and Byron J.
Good
, eds., 157
–88
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Parkin
, David
. 1966
. “Urban Voluntary Associations as Institutions of Adaptation
.” Man
1
, no. 1
, 90
–94
.Paulme
, Denise
. 1963
. “Une religion syncrétique en Côte d’Ivoire: Le culte deima
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
3
, no. 9
, 5
–90
.Péducasse
, Virginie
. 1996
. “Sida et confessions à Abidjan: De la Bible au Coran en passant par l’arrêté ministériel portant création du programme national de lutte contre le Sida
.” Mémoire dea(Master’s thesis), Université de Bordeaux 4
.Peires
, Jeffrey B.
1989
. The Dead Will Arise: Nongqawuse and the Great Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement of 1856–7
. Bloomington
: Indiana University Press
.Peletz
, Michael G.
1995
. “Kinship Studies in Late Twentieth-Century Anthropology
.” Annual Review of Anthropology
24
, 343
–72
.pepfar
. 2007
. “The Power of Partnerships: The President’s Emergency Plan for aids Relief
.” Third Annual Report to Congress
. Washington: Office of the Global aids Coordinator
.pepfar
. 2009
. “Making a Difference: Funding
.” Washington
: Office of the Global aids Coordinator
. www.PEPFAR.gov.Perrot
, Claude-Hélène
. 1987
. “La sensibilité des sociétés akan du sud-est de la Côte d’Ivoire aux fluctuations démographiques
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
27
, nos. 105–6
, 167
–75
.Perrot
, Claude-Hélène
. 1996
. “Les ravages des prophètes dans les civilisations paysannes
.” Journal des Africanistes
66
, nos. 1–2
, 319
–31
.Peschard
, Karine
. 2001
. “Access to hiv Treatment from a Historical and Social Perspective
.” Honor’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, McGill University
.Petryna
, Adriana
, 2002
. Life Exposed: Biological Citizens after Chernobyl
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Petryna
, Adriana
. 2005
. “Ethical Variability: Drug Development and Globalizing Clinical Trials
.” American Ethnologist
32
, no. 2
, 183
–97
.Petryna
, Adriana
, 2009
. When Experiments Travel: Clinical Trials and the Global Search for Human Subjects
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Pfeiffer
, James
. 2004
. “Condom Social Marketing, Pentecostalism, and Structural Adjustment in Mozambique: A Clash of aidsPrevention Messages
. Medical Anthropology Quarterly
18
, no. 1
, 77
–103
.Piault
, Colette
. 1975
. Prophétisme et thérapeutique: Albert Atcho et la communauté de Bregbo
. Paris
: Hermann
.Pigg
, Stacy Leigh
. 2001
. “Languages of Sex and aidsin Nepal: Notes on the Social Production of Commensurability
.” Cultural Anthropology
16
, no. 4
, 481
–541
.Pigg
, Stacy Leigh
. 2005
. “Globalizing the Facts of Life
.” Sex in Development: Science, Sexuality, and Morality in Global Perspective
, Vincanne
Adams
and Stacy Leigh
Pigg
, eds., 39
–65
. Durham, N.C.
: Duke University Press
.Poku
, Nana K.
, and Alan
Whiteside
., eds. 2002
. “Global Health and Governance: hiv/aids
.” Special issue, Third World Quarterly
23
, no. 2
, 189
–350
.Pompey
, Fabienne
. 1999
. “Joséphine Oupoh a créé une association ivoirienne de femmes séropositives ‘pour en parler.’
” Le Monde
, 14
September
.Posel
, Deborah
. 2008
. “History as Confession: The Case of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission
.” Public Culture
20
, no. 1
, 119
–41
.Prince
, Ruth
. 2007
. “Salvation and Tradition: Configurations of Faith in a Time of Death
.” Journal of Religion in Africa
37
, no. 1
, 84
–115
.Proteau
, Laurence
. 1997
. “Dévoilement de l’illusion d’une promotion sociale pour tous par l’école: Un ‘moment critique.’
” Le modèle ivoirien en questions: Crises, ajustements, recompositions
, Bernard
Contamin
and Harris
Memel-Fotê
, eds. 635
–54
. Paris
: Karthala and orstom
.Raatgever
, Reini
. 1985
. “Analytic Tools, Intellectual Weapons: The Discussion among French Marxist Anthropologists about the Identification of Modes of Production in Africa
.” Old Modes of Production and Capitalist Encroachment: Anthropological Explorations in Africa
, Wim M. J. van
Binsbergen
and Peter
Geschiere
, eds., 290
–330
. London
: kpi
.Rabinow
, Paul
. 1992
. “Artificiality and Enlightenment: From Sociobiology to Biosociality
.” Incorporations
, Jonathan
Crary
and Sanford
Kwiner
, eds., 234
–52
. New York
: Zone Books
.Radcliffe-Brown
, Alfred R.
, and Daryll
Forde
. 1950
. African Systems of Kinship and Marriage
. Oxford
: Oxford University Press
.Ranger
, Terence O.
1986
. “Religious Movements and Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa
.” African Studies Review
29
, 1
–69
.Ranger
, Terence
, and Paul
Slack
. 1995
. Epidemics and Ideas: Essays on the Historical Perception of Pestilence
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Reporters without Borders
. 2009
. “Five Years of Unanswered Questions since Journalist’s Abduction in Abidjan
.” Available at the web site of Reporters without Borders
, www.rsf.org.Richey
, Lisa
. 2008
. “Better (Red)™ than Dead?: Celebrities, Consumption and International Aid
.” Third World Quarterly
29
, no. 4
, 711
–29
.Riles
, Annelise
. 2001
. The Network Inside Out
. Ann Arbor
: University of Michigan Press
.Robins
, Steven L.
2006
. “From Rights to ‘Ritual’: aidsActivism and Treatment Testimonies in South Africa
.” American Anthropologist
108
, no. 2
, 312
–23
.Roitman
, Janet
. 1990
. “The Politics of Informal Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa
.” Journal of Modern African Studies
28
, no. 4
, 671
–96
.Roitman
, Janet
. 2004
. Fiscal Disobedience: An Anthropology of Economic Regulation in Central Africa
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Rose
, Nikolas
. 2006
. The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power, and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Rose
, Nikolas
, and Carlos
Novas
. 2004
. “Biological Citizenship
.” Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems
, Aihwa
Ong
and Stephen J.
Collier
, eds., 439
–63
. London
: Blackwell
.Rosenberg
, Charles E.
1992
. Explaining Epidemics
. Cambridge
: Cambridge University Press
.Rouch
, Jean
. 1963
. “Introduction à l’étude de la communauté de Bregbo
.” Journal des Africanistes
33
, 129
–202
.Rouch
, Jean
, and Edmond
Bernus
. 1957
. “Note sur les prostituées ‘toutou’ de Treichville et d’Adjamé
.” Études éburnéennes
6
, 231
–42
.Scheper-Hughes
, Nancy
. 2003
. “Rotten Trade: Millennial Capitalism, Human Values and Global Justice in Organs Trafficking
.” Journal of Human Rights
2
, no. 2
, 197
–226
.Schmitt
, Carl
. 2005
. Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Schwab
, William B.
1970
. “Urbanism, Corporate Groups and Culture Change in Africa below the Sahara
.” Anthropological Quarterly
43
, no. 3
, 187
–214
.Scott
, Guy
. 2000
. “Political Will, Political Economy and the aidsIndustry in Zambia
.” Review of African Political Economy
27
, no. 86
, 577
.Scott
, James C.
1976
. The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia
. New Haven
: Yale University Press
.Seidel
, Gill
. 1993
. “The Competing Discourses of hiv/aids in Sub-Saharan Africa: Discourses of Rights and Empowerment vs. Discourses of Control and Exclusion
.” Social Science and Medicine
36
, no. 3
, 175
–94
.Setel
, Philip
. 1999
. A Plague of Paradoxes: aids, Culture, and Demography in Northern Tanzania
. Chicago
: University of Chicago Press
.Shacinda
, Shapi
. 2005
. “Zambia to Put Debt Relief into aids Fight
.” Reuters. Available on Global Exchange
, www.globalexchange.org.Shank
, David A.
1994
. Prophet Harris, the ‘Black Elijah’ of West Africa
, abridged by Jocelyn
Murray
. Leiden
: Brill
.Shank
, David A.
1999
. “Le pentecôtisme du prophète William Wadé Harris
.” Archives de sciences sociales des religions
105
, 51
–70
.Sibeud
, Emmanuelle
. 1994
. “La naissance de l’ethnographie africaniste en France avant 1914
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
34
, no. 136
, 639
–58
.Silberschmidt
, Margrethe
, and Vibeke
Rasch
. 2001
. “Adolescent Girls, Illegal Abortions and ‘Sugar Daddies’ in Dar es Salaam: Vulnerable Victim and Active Social Agents
.” Social Science and Medicine
52
, 1815
–26
.Sirven
, Pierre
. 1967
. “Les conséquences géographiques d’un nouveau syncrétisme religieux en Côte-d’Ivoire: Le Kokambisme
.” Cahiers d’outremer
78
, 127
–36
.Skinner
, Elliott P.
1974
. African Urban Life: The Transformation of Ouagadougou
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.Smith
, Daniel Jordan
. 2001
. “Kinship and Corruption in Contemporary Nigeria
.” Ethnos
66
, no. 3
, 344
–64
.Smith
, Daniel Jordan
. 2003
. “Patronage, Per Diems and the ‘Workshop Mentality’: The Practice of Family Planning Programs in Southeastern Nigeria
.” World Development
31
, no. 4
, 703
–15
.Smith
, Daniel Jordan
. 2004
. “Youth, Sin and Sex in Nigeria: Christianity and hiv/aids-related Beliefs and Behaviour among Rural-Urban Migrant
.” Culture, Health and Sexuality
6
, no. 5
, 425
–37
.Sparke
, Matthew
. 2009
. “Unpacking Economism and Remapping the Terrain of Global Health
.” Global Health Governance: Crisis, Institutions and Political Economy
, Adrian
Kay
and Owain D.
Williams
, eds., 131
–59
. Basingstoke
: Palgrave Macmillan
.Stirrat
, Roderick L.
2000
. “Cultures of Consultancy
.” Critique of Anthropology
20
, no. 1
, 31
–46
.Stolberg
, Sheryl Gay
. 2001
. “aids Groups Revive a Fight, and Themselves
.” New York Times
, 20
March
.Suret-Canale
, Jean
. 1982
. “ ‘Resistance’ et ‘collaboration’ en Afrique noire coloniale
.” Études africaines offertes à Henri Brunschwig
, Henri
Brunschwig
and Jan
Vansina
, eds., 319
–31
. Paris
: Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales
.Swanson
, Maynard W.
1977
. “The Sanitation Syndrome: Bubonic Plague and Urban Native Policy in the Cape Colony 1900–1909
.” Journal of African History
18
, no. 3
, 387
–410
.Taussig
, Michael
. 1980
. “Reification and the Consciousness of the Patient
.” Social Science and Medicine
14B
, no. 1
, 3
–13
.Taylor
, Chloë
. 2009
. The Culture of Confession from Augustine to Foucault: A Genealogy of the “Confessing Animal.”
New York
: Routledge
.Thompson
, Edward P.
1971
. “The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century
.” Past and Present
50
, 76
–134
.Thoret
, Jean-Claude
. 1974
. “Les jeunes Djimini: Essai sur la dynamique des groupes de jeunes
.” PhD diss., Université de Paris, École pratique des hautes études
.Thornton
, Robert
. 2008
. Unimagined Community: Sex, Networks, and aids in Uganda and South Africa
. Berkeley
: University of California Press
.Ticktin
, Miriam
. 2006
. “Where Ethics and Politics Meet: The Violence of Humanitarianism in France
.” American Ethnologist
33
, no. 1
, 33
–49
.Tirefort
, Alain
. 1983
. “Un monde policé en terre ivoirienne: Le cercle toubabou, 1904–1939
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
23
, nos. 89–90
, 97
–119
.Tirefort
, Alain
. 1992
. “Le métissage en Côte-d’Ivoire: 1893–1960
.” Les jeunes en Afrique, tome 1: évolution et rôle (XIXe-XXe siècles)
, Hélène
d’Almeida-Torpor
, Catherine
Coquery-Vidrovitch
, Odile
Goerg
, and Françoise
Guitard
, eds., 83
–102
. Paris
: l’Harmattan
.Tirefort
, Alain
. 1999
. “Aux antipodes du Tam-tam: La fête coloniale en Côte-d’Ivoire pendant l’entre-deux-guerres
.” Fêtes urbaines en Afrique
, ed. Odile
Goerg
, 167
–79
. Paris
: Karthala
.Treichler
, Paula
. 1987
. “aids, Homophobia, and Biomedical Discourse: An Epidemic of Signification
.” Cultural Studies
1
, 263
–305
.unaids
. 2008
. “Report on the Global aids Epidemic
.”Vidal
, Claudine
. 1977
. “Guerre des sexes à Abidjan: Masculin, féminin, cfa
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
17
, no. 65
, 121
–53
.Vidal
, Claudine
. 1979
. “L’argent fini, l’amour est envolé …
” L’Homme
19
, nos. 3–4
, 1
–18
.Vidal
, Claudine
. 1980
. “Pour un portrait d’Abidjan avec dames
.” Cahiers internationaux de sociologie
69
, 305
–12
.Vidal
, Claudine
. 1990
. “Abidjan: Quand les ‘petits’ deviennent des pauvres
.” Politique africaine
39
, 166
–70
.Vidal
, Claudine
. 1991
. Sociologie des passions: Rwanda, Côte d’Ivoire
. Paris
: Karthala
.Vidal
, Claudine
. 1997
. “Du rêve au réalisme: Des citadins sans illusion 1970–1994
.” Le modèle ivoirien en questions: Crises, ajustements, recompositions
, Bernard
Contamin
and Harris
Memel-Fotê
, eds., 655
–68
. Paris
: Karthala and orstom
.Vimard
, Patrice
, and Sombo
N’Cho
. 1995
. “Évolution de la structure des ménages et différenciation des modèles familiaux en Côte-d’Ivoire 1975–1993
.” Ménages et familles en Afrique: Approche des dynamiques contemporaines
, Marc
Pilon
, Thérèse
Locoh
, Émilien
Vignikin
, and Patrice
Vimard
, eds., 101
–21
. Les Études du ceped, no. 15
. Paris
: Centre français sur la population et le développement
.Walker
, Neff
, Nicholas C.
Grassly
, Geoff P.
Garnett
, Karen A.
Stanecki
, and Peter D.
Ghys
. 2004
. “Estimating the Global Burden of hiv/aids: What Do We Really Know about the hiv Pandemic?
” Lancet
363
, no. 9427
, 2180
–85
.Wallerstein
, Immanuel
, ed. 1964
. The Road to Independence: Ghana and the Ivory Coast
. Paris
: Mouton
.Washington
, Harriet A.
2006
. Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present
. New York
: Harlem Moon Books
.Watney
, Simon
. 1994
. Practices of Freedom: Selected Writings on hiv/aids
. Durham, N.C.
: Duke University Press
.Watts
, Sheldon
. 1997
.Epidemics and History: Disease, Power and Imperialism
. New Haven, Conn.
: Yale University Press
.Weiskel
, Timothy C.
1980
. French Colonial Rule and the Baulé Peoples: Resistance and Collaboration 1889–1911
. Oxford
: Clarendon Press
.Wendland
, Claire L.
2008
. “Research, Therapy, and Bioethical Hegemony: The Controversy over Perinatal aztTrials in Africa
.” African Studies Review
51
, no. 3
, 1
–23
.Wiktor
, S. Z.
, I.
Ikpini
, J. M.
Karon
, J.
Nkengason
, C.
Maurice
, S. T.
Severin
, T. H.
Roels
et al1999
. “Short-Course Oral Zidovudine for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of hiv-1 in Abidjan, Côte-d’Ivoire: A Randomised Trial
.” Lancet
35
, no. 6
, 781
–85
.Wittrock
, Björn
. 2000
. “Modernity: One, None or Many? Europeans Origins and Modernity as a Global Condition
.” Daedalus
129
, no. 1
, 31
–60
.Wondji
, Christophe
. 1972
. “La fièvre jaune à Grand-Bassam (1899–1903)
.” Revue française d’histoire d’outremer
59
, no. 215
, 205
–39
.Wondji
, Christophe
. 1976
. “Bingerville, naissance d’une capitale
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
16
, nos. 61–62
, 83
–102
.Wondji
, Christophe
. 1982
. “Quelques caractéristiques des résistances populaires en Afrique noire, 1900–1931
.” Études africaines offertes à Henri Brunschwig
, Henri
Brunschwig
and Jan
Vansina
, eds., 341
–58
. Paris
: Éditions de l’École des hautes études en Sciences sociales
.Wooten
, Stephen R.
1993
. “Colonial Administration and the Ethnography of the Family in the French Soudan
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
33
, no. 131
, 419
–46
.World Bank
. 1996
. Poverty in Côte-d’Ivoire: A Framework for Action
. Confidential report number 15640-IVC
. Washington
: World Bank, Human Development 3/Africa Region
.Yapi-Diahou
, Alphonse
. 1994
. “Les politiques urbaines en Côte-d’Ivoire et leurs impacts sur l’habitat non planifié précaire: L’exemple de l’agglomération d’Abidjan
.” PhD diss., Université de Paris 8 Saint-Denis
.Zan
, Semi-Bi
. 1976
. “L’infrastructure routière et ferroviaire coloniale, source de mutations sociales et psychologiques: Le cas de la Côte-d’Ivoire, 1900–1940
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
16
, nos. 61–62
, 147
–58
.Zarwan
, John
. 1976
. “The Xhosa Cattle Killings, 1856–57
.” Cahiers d’études africaines
16
, nos. 63–64
, 519
–39
.Zola
, Irving
. 1972
. “Medicine as an Institution of Social Control
.” Sociological Review
20
, 487
–504
.Zolberg
, Aristide
. 1964
. One-Party Government in the Ivory Coast
. Princeton
: Princeton University Press
.