This chapter examines the difficulty that large-scale mainland sugar capital faced in keeping their factories operating at full capacity on entering the prefecture in 1910. The problem was that central Okinawa’s sugar producers chose to manufacture their own lower-grade sugar through small-scale, labor-intensive, and communal methods instead of submitting the cane that they grew as raw material to newly established modern factories. After clarifying the state and large sugar’s response to non-selling alliances that the peasantry formed, this chapter will link those responses to a move away from assimilatory strategies that local intellectuals had advocated during much of the Meiji...